TASK OF MATHEMATICAL FOR PHYSICS

~APPLICATION OF SEQUENCES AND SERIES IN

PHYSICS

Lecturer : Sri Budiawanti, M.Si.
Arranged by :
1. Dewi Ratnasari / K2310023
2. Mukhibah Rizki H. / K2310065
Physics Education (SBI)


FACULTY OF TRAINING TEACHER AND EDUCATION
Sebelas Maret University
2011
APPLICATION OF SEQUENCES AND SERIES IN
PHYSICS
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
SEQUENCES
Sequence is the sequence oI the tribes that Iormed Iollowing the rules or norms that
have been set.
Example: 1 , 2 , 3 ,. . .
SERIES
The series is a summation statement indicated by the tribes oI a sequence.
Example: 1 2 3 . . .
Kinds oI series: Geometric series, Convergent and Divergent series, Alternating
series, Power series, etc.
APPLICATION OF SEQUENCES AND SERIES IN PHYSICS
1. Interference


Kind oI InterIerence
- Maximum InterIerence : A
Ax
x
0, 1, 2, 3,.
- Minimum InterIerence: A
Ax
x
=
1
2
,
2
2
,
3
2
,
5
2

Ax the diIIerence oI travelled distance between two wave that meet.
2. String as Sound Source
requency tone generated depends on the wave pattern Iormed on the strings.
As can be seen in the picture above, the wavelength oI the Iundamental tone,
the tone oI the Iirst, and tone up to two consecutive 2L, L, and 2/3L. In
general, the three wavelengths can be expressed by the equation:

n

2L
n+1


Thus, the Irequency oI the tones produced strings satisIy the equation:
f
n

x
n
(n1)

2L


where:
f
n
n-th tone Irequency (Hz)
v velocity oI wave propagation in the string, and
L length oI string
The value n 0,1,2, ..., ie numbers that express the basic tone, the tone oI the
Iirst, second overtone, and so on.
II the above equation substituted, is obtained:
f
n
(n1)
1
2L
_
P
T

urther comparison oI the Irequency oI each tone to meet

f
o
. f
1
. f
2
.. 1. 2. 3..

3. Open Organ Pipe




rom the picture, the wavelength oI the Iundamental tone, the tone oI the
Iirst, and the tone Ior the second consecutive 2L, L, and 2/3L. Same with the
strings, so this wavelength can expressed by the equation:

n

2L
n+1


The value n 0,1,2, ..., ie numbers that express the basic tone, the tone oI the
Iirst, second overtone, and so on.
Thus, the Irequency oI the tones produced pipes, open organ satisIy the
equation:
f
n

x
n
(n1)

2L


where:
fn n-th tone Irequency (Hz)
v velocity oIwave propagation in the string, and
L length oI pipe
The value n 0,1,2, ..., ie numbers that express the basic tone, the tone oI the
Iirst, second overtone, and so on.
urther comparison oI the Irequency oI each tone to meet:
f
o
. f
1
. f
2
.. 1. 2. 3..

. Close Organ Pipe

rom the picture above, the wavelength oI the basic tone, the tone oI the
Iirst, and the tone Ior the second consecutive 4L, 4/3L, and 4/5L. In general,
the three wavelengths can be expressed by the equation:

n

L
2n+1


Thus, the Irequency oI the tones produced strings satisIy the equation:

f
n

x
n
(2n1)

L


where:
In n-th tone Irequency (Hz)
v velocity oI wave propagation in pipe (m / s)
L length oI pipe (m)
The value n 0,1,2, ..., ie numbers that express the basic tone, the Iirst
overtone, second overtone, and so on.
Comparison oI the Irequency oI each tone to meet:
f
o
. f
1
. f
2
.. 1. 3. 5..

Which shows that the Irequency oI the tone oI an odd number multiples oI the
basic tone Irequency.

5. Diffraction on grating

DiIIraction grating consists oI many slits with the similar width. The width oI
each slit on the grating is called grating constant and it is symbolized d.
Bright pattern by diIIraction grating obtains when:
d sin 0 m
where m 0,1,2,3,., related to tape oI center bright (orde 0), 1
st
,2
nd
,3
rd
orde
and so on.
or dark tape:
d sin 0 (m-
1
2
)
where m 0,1,2,3,., related to dark tape , 1
st
,2
nd
,3
rd
orde and so on.
or 0 angle that very small, bright tape happen iI:

L
m

or dark tape

L
(m-
1
2
)


6. Simple Pendulum
To gain an overview oI the application oI the series in physics, will now be
discussed with the period oI a pendulum swing any angle deviation, consists
oI a pendulum swing oI the load mass m is suspended Irom the end oI the
rope light (ignore its mass) whose length l as shown;








II the load is pulled to one side then was released, the load will be swing on
the balance point to other point. Supposed that pendulum deviation on the
certain 0 and the load released Irom initial angl deviation 0
0
. In initial
position, total energy system is potential energy, that is
E mgl(1-cos 0
0
)

When swaying, angle oI deviation 0 total energy consist oI kinetic and
potential . Quantity oI showing the angular velocity e
move a burden. Based the law oI conservation energy get
(1)
Or
(2)
The period oI oscillation T get Irom integral oI equation (2) :
(3)
Pay attention when the value is changing Irom 0 ke , at that moment also
pendulum going through / period. Thereby statement (3) showing the periode oI
pendulum.
Remember the identity oI trigonometri , so (3) can write :
(4)
We will calculate integral (4), with substitution
Sin 0
0
dan sin 0/2 k sin u
It`s mean that integral boundary is changing Irom u0 (saat 00) ke a/2 (saat
00
0
). Pay attention that k is konstanta, because 0
0
is the initial angle oI deviation.
Substitution (4) to (3) get :
(5)
Remember :
(6)
But , so with elaborating integral (6) in binomial series and
integrated one by one get


But sin 0
0
/2k, so
(7)
This is period oI pendulum Ior any deviation angle. II deviation angle is small
so sin 0
0
/20 and (7) reducted become
(8)
The Iormula (8) is Iormula the periode oI pendulum that we have recognized.







$

Power Series
Example :
1. A organ pipe have lenght 60 cm. II the sound rapid in the air is 330 m/s,
determine the Irequency oI basic tone and two tone up iI :
a. Open organ pipe in the two tip
b. Close organ pipe in one tip
Answer :
Known : L 60 cm 0,6 m and v 330 m/sw
a. To open organ pipe, so the Irequency oI basic tone (n0) is
f
0

x
n
(2n1)

L

f
0

x
n
(2(0)1)
330 ms
()(o,6 m)
137.5 Hz
The two up tone is Iirst tone and second up tone, so get Iirst up tone and second
up tone each :
f
1

x
n
(2(1)1)
(3)(330
m
s
)
()(o,6 m)
412.5 Hz
f
2

x
n
(2(2)1)
(5)(330
m
s
)
()(o,6 m)
687.5 Hz

b. to close pipe organ, so the Irequency oI basic tone (n0) is
f
n

x
n
(n1)

2L

f
0

x
n
(01)
330 ms
(2)(0,6m)
275 Hz
The two up tone is Iirst tone and second up tone, so get Iirst up tone and second up
tone each :
f
1

x
n
(11)
(2)(330
m
s
)
(2)(0,6m)
550 Hz
f
2

x
n
(21)
(3)(330
m
s
)
(2)(0,6m)
825 Hz

2.The picture below showing a object with weight W that hang in a string that have
lenght l. Then object pulled with to leIt, so object shiIting as Iar as x Irom initial
position.
a. Determine /W as a power series Irom 0
b. Determine /W as a power series Irom x/l








Answer :
a.
P
w
= 0 +
0
3
3
+
20
S
15
.
b.
P
w
=
x

+
I
2

x
I

3
+
3
8

x
I

5
.













Daftar Pustaka

Boas, L. Mary.1961. Mathematical Methods In The Physical Sciences. New York : John
Wiley & Sons
Ruwanto, Bambang. Matematika Untuk Fisika dan Teknik. AdiCita
Soedojo, Pieter. 1995. Asas Asas Matematika Fisika dan Teknik. Yogyakarta: Gajah
Mada University Press.