Histology (Espen Gavin Ph.

D) Red Blood cells (Air dryed, fixed & methylene blue and eosin) Erythrocytes (packed with the oxygen-carrying protein Haemoglobin) The anucleate cells (biconcav disks witouth nuclei White blood cells Leucocytes Granulocytes (polymorphs) Neutrophils Nucleus consist of 2-5 lobes (usually three), wich are connected to the bridges of the chromatin. Eosinophils Bilobed nucleus. Stained by eosin and are well visible. Basophils They are named after their characteristics of staining. Nucleus are S-shaped/bilobed. Specific granules are basophilic (deep blue). Higly soluble in water and can be dissolved during blood smear preparation -> difficulties of identify basophils in blood smears.

Agranulocytes (mononuclear leucocytes) Lymphocytes Diameter of 6-8 m. So they are called small lymphocytes. They are predominant in the peripheral blood. Contains spherical nucleus. Its chromatin is condenced so the nucleus is intensly stained. A few azurophilic may be present. T-lymphocytes can be distinguished from B-lymphocytes by immunocytochemical methods. Monocytes Do not have specific cytoplasmic granules but they do contain Azurophilic granules Largest leukocytes. Oval or kidney-shaped nucleus. Basophilic cytoplasm. And contains very fine Azurophilic granules

Definition of Azurophilic granule: An azurophil is an object readily stained with an azure dye. [1] Azurophils include certain cytoplasmic granules[2] in white blood cells andhyperchromatin, imparting a burgundy or merlot coloration. Neutrophils in particular are known for containing azurophils loaded with a wide variety of anti-microbial defensins that fuse with phagocytic vacuoles. wikipedia

Platelets (Trombocytes) Non-nucleated disc-like fragments of megakaryocytes found in bone marrow. Trombocytes are only 2-4m in diameter. Blood vessels Arteries: Composed of three concentric layers (tunicae) 1. Tunica intima (innermost layer) 2. Tunica media (an intermediate layer) 3. Tunica adventitia (outermost layer) see page 43 in the handbook for more discriptions. Elastic arteries: Large elastic arteries include the Aorta and its large branches + the pulmonary trunk. Elastic: important for the blood flow. Main function is to transport the blood away from the heart. Tunica intima Endothelium, subendothelial CT, internal elastic lamina Tunica media Particulary thick. 40-60 layers. Elastic laminae and between elastic laminae you will find smooth muscle vells, reticular fibres and amorphous ground substance. Tunica Adventitia Thin layer. LCT. Vasa vasorum, lymphatic vessels and nerves. Muscular (medium-sized) atery and vein Arteries Tunica intima Endothelium, LCT, collagen and elastic fibres. Internal elastic lamina. Tunica media Thick muscular layer with 20-40 layers with smooth muscle cells (circularly or spirally. Between the layers there is a small amount of CT. Ext. Elastic lamina. Tunica adventitia LCT with vasa varorum, lymphatics, nerve fibres, adipose cells, fibroblasts and elastic fibres.

Veins Tunica intima Very simmular to artery Tunica media Relatively thin and consist of small bundles of smooth muscle cells (rather than layers). Reticular fibres and a fine network of elastic fibres. Tunica adventitia Thickest layer composed of many longitudinal collagen fibres wich may be combined with longitudinally bundles of oriented smooth muscle cells.

Continous capillaries Vagina (hahahhahahhaha i said vagina) Wall of vagina consist of three layers 1. Tunica mucosa 2. Tunica muscularis 3. Tunica adventitia The lamina propria of the vaginal mucosa is composed of LCT very rich in blood vessels. The capillaries in lamina propria are very smal (7-9m) composed only of a single layer of endothelial cells and their underlying basal lamina. Non-keratinized stratified squamos epithelia. The nuclei of the endothelial cells are small flattened (squamos) and the cytoplasm indistinct. Pericytes, special mesenchymal cells with long cytoplasmic processes, wich partly surround the endothelial cells. Lumina of some capillaries are closed. In deeper portion of the vaginal mucosa, larger blood vessels (Venules or small veins) are present. The endothelium of these vessels are clearly visible.