FOUR THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION 41 ANTIDIFFERENTIATION 41 Definition A function F is ealed an antiervutice of function f on an lateral Lif P'(2)= f(e) ‘every value of xin I If x dncootinuoun, we require the enesded derivatives of F 10 the cnesided limits of 7 Se Exereise 36 4.1.3 Theomen IF F i partelanantidvvative of f on an interval then every antidervatve of fon ‘given by F(2) +6, whee C is an arbitmey enustart, aad all atidervatives of f can ‘obtained ftom Pla)-+C by ascing particslar values to C- "The syd [ devotes the eprration of naidiferentaton, That [Pes [ erey= reso 1, (1) states that when we antdiferentate the deivative of a function, we obtain fsnetion plus an arbitrary constant, We have the following formas for antiiferentaton, setae foseva “LOT i fs and fe dened cathe ae intra then Juntos stance = | te) de+ f rsterae ALT Mon If fy Su fied othe ae neva, yo fy a ona, Jlanesete)esenf(eilde=e] Ae) denen | hfe) dette.) 6) ‘When applying Theorems 41.6 and 1.1.7, we use only one arbitrary constant. ‘To find the antideivative of a product cx quotient we may replace the given func by a equivalent sum and then uae Theotem 4.1.7 aillntated fn Exercise 28. allowing “seme atticffeentnton orm season 41,8 Theoeem If # -1 fs aratlonal number, fraatiec pac st Soh gb tio ie i mapa hy ral 1a tienen fine den mores “Lin There [erode min 46 110 Then facede sn e2 112 them fated -enete 112 Thee focronsienoe sc 110th [ee est te= nee ‘Graphic Sapport Assign a value to the constant C and plot its numerical derivative in the same window at ‘rgieal Tencon to sey Une ape Haen Ezerivs bt In Brercses 1-90, perform the antdificentiaton. n Burcises 1-8 and 24-28, check by finding the Gavative your anne, In Exercnee 0-12, 28 and 80, aupport your answer graphically 1 fartarnafetecnierac 2, freee =2.ye sles41 ANTIDIFPERENTIATION 277 We apply Thewern 4.15 sod ‘heorens 4.1.6 [eaca[rtacstereasec i Rg =g+e=-}rt+c The Pi)=-Roar#=3 BecosseF() the given neti, we ave shows tha Fi) an antiervative ofthe given fonction Sel da 5-204 6 JuvFeen [ean vp soneeMse gees [arterer pts cnse sc co We apply These 41.8 aad Theorem 41.8 witha = =. net ayn afr iPay=: +o tyie epniletantipareornes ay Let Di6/5+0)=D,6y'? +) wee (ot -atyinna| tesa ot na sef-2ttec apt bt way? ayty= fav? ay hey = Pte e—2yue Wemmltply ard thes apiy Theorems 4.7 and 1.8. q [ete-24e= (Ss*—2")de=5-42° be" s0= 2°. ‘De gue sows «ot ofy = 29 ~ 2") and y=NDER(2*~ 1"). ‘i (tot 44a — 62? ta s)de a feb 4 ot 2e 298 45 4 (0432 —aP de = 2243-Jo 8x4 40m 2 P25 6 file +Dide= [iP seas =e Bee vi =y0hec = [oP at =o ae 40 (e-4+d)ee: +0=3+}¢ Babee acm (celal ade nde eA J ane atl wal 4 +‘278 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION om, [ost We seduce adil with factional expats then divide and apply Theorem 4.1, i a Ce mB Hl 98 esnee a. [(Yex gehen [ce rete ntl at? 2c ma [pha = feet —near= dafand}s ert) gear gan a [osce-teona 0, [Gem x—tsin aie We apply Theorem 4.7 and then Theor 41.0 and 110 [lereee-Asinske5 oo zde—t[sinzde—Sanetseas+C ws [stg aes [bg hydra [unsecrtemaeeee mm [ome de= [ote gh den [oot race de= cw +6 ar [(ececnertednde= toe rata 28, [9 o2Ft=5 we ttan tt ‘> We apply Theorem 41.7 and then Thorens 41.12 and 413 face Senet tan pée=3 feuds ats [anc thanrdt— teat to B.e 14+ C (este ssc Nas 29, | eeen—8 tanto} = (oe =1) = e000 — 1) EH2eot 8-3 8+1+C so, faiaesectemt ay af ing ata ing an 3a ned tA fen 9 4b = 3100 —Aan + a Beesley 81 30, the graph of = fonstion in geo, Sketch auerivative Fy continues svrrywheee hi the given values aL is Fons » 04.1 ANTIDIEERENTIATION 279, or Fo)=0 2) gives? Bae y= |e —s)de; y= 2-30 +6, Sabatcing (oy) Thos anequnon ofthe ave hy = = Se 42 Bea sya ys [3 aen3.fe +0.226940. sutettuting (0) (94) ies 422-09 | C=544C, C=-50, Tho a ogiton ofthe curves y =25"!*—50, Spa Ymr tery! = [a tepde Pate? Gy y= [te 2P +G deny = 2B eC 4G Stititing (0) = (0.2 gies 2= 04 Cy Cy =2, coy = 2? po + Gyr +2Subwleting (e,9)= (-1,9) vee 8 = (1 H-1P +C-1) 425, =}. hn, an ogeton ofthe corveie y= a? J 4 fe 42 ‘Ag equation ofthe tangeat lin toa curve at the pois: (1,8) is y=2+2. If at any point (z.y) on the eure, ay fde) = 62, find an equation of the curve Udy/dz y/ then 28y/de! = ey ds. Thertore, we are given that % Anion vbw y= [evienae vc Sena y= 49 an conf he es ie oc he i (13), espe SESS a Re Seca T=340280 ‘THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION in Ba, @). Tham, (a —2thde; f= 232+ C). At (ily he spe of the tangent line i Jee-Je-bes Sting =i wher #2 ive 12 +6, 6 =} Tha ped pate Cy, Sobsitting (9) = (1,1) gies T= FCs An equation of the curve ny = je? je" fo + ao pratistn [aaentes, ene (3 ait fiton 10) =0=246,-6 Yiare-2. y= | (te—2 22 224C, ll) =-2= 14 Cy Gp =—byl = PB Jee-te-thee Jo-2?-24Cy yl): $46, 0, 24 =f -P 249 MY O'(e) = 407 +82 +4, and O10) ofa) = [sat +82 +e P+ 4e 442+ K. Became C(O) =I K-26, Threore Ca) =a! +42 + Ar 6. 4M. A company has determined thatthe margsal cot faction for the production of particular commodity ie rent OG)~ 12s despot where CC) dllare ie she tatl at of prvacng + unit of the commodity If tbe overhead cot i $256, what isthe cot of producing 15 eta? fp Tue coo fonction is the anficeivativn of the marginal est that is che fuser pane fos a onl ested conch ate eB OT a ee (18) 1258) +22) + yh +20 = 394 Te cont olin 15 a 5 br de = 3:7 + K. Because C12) =20, then 20= 3(27 +K; K=8. 32748 (b) C{0) = 8. Thus the overhead cos is $800. ae, Re)= [02-Sede~ te —}-+C RO any, C=B Re) = et a {A Rijs) = 15 —te, RE2) = [19 —4ayas = 15-2? 4K. Mecawse RIO) ~ 0, OK. (=) R(=)= 152 —22 (b) Because R(2)= ps then 9x = 1bz—2s" so that 9 = 15~ 25 48. "The afency of a factory worker is expresed as a percent, Fer instance, if the worker's eficieney at a peiclar tee i glven as 7D pererty tian thy wenter ix pecfring at 7D pereent of her full potential pout that E peeent isa facry workers efceney 1 hours afer begning work, snd the rate at which peetine (30-80) percent pot hour the workers offeieney is 81 pereont afer werking 3 br, find dienes afer working (a) #hrand (0) 8 » Webave eK Be Because B 35-88 Jos-spares-a?ve 1 when t=, then41 ANTIDIPFERENTIATION 281, Substituting for Cin Ey (1), we have Bl) =S5¢— ar 12 4) =39(0)- 4 or = 98 (8) 8%) + 12= 96 “The ettciony ie) Wh perce after dhe and (4) 26 pvent after 8h. “The volume of water i a tank in Vin? when th depth a the water ink meer BL uit in 4.9 ¥ = [ 4+ i 9h, = AP 48849) 4C, Brae then C= 0,10 V= x(t? + 62° +58). When B= 3, ¥ = L170 the volume is L173 Bases 100450, v= [e+ 10s soe = 267 +52 50e+0, Vio) =1000 2°77 45 50¢+1000, V4) = 2-47? 45-42 50-44 1000 = 144, The punting is worth S124 foainnna Gh Uispeine(ee UEst (0) = lim, ()=0 then P“0). = el Because #(0) = ig (2) =0 and Tle Fanaa ff (-20 42): tet Uis)=[9 £42. Show that U dis ot have an aatderative on (-20, 420) O(-1)0 Ae C1) 21 ands tenes Oa tt U dn ate he vate fn (~The nermeste Vac tcon fi deivaiver (Beaoe 14.86) imps tht eae U dos aot ety the lates Proven, ten I banca acre say faction nt iy O aceon sac le) =1 forall x9 (1, Terre fe) =O forall xin Hah ae) ofr HES (2) =0 if 2 is in (1,1) and 240, g{(0) does not exist because ¢ is discontinuous at 0, Hence g is not Stevaati on (si) sod or Thvrs 41 or co ply fie a itas0. wey mteim{c* $289.) Deane PM) He) fr al Fis ota antarain f SOME TPCHNIQUES OF ANTIDIFFERENTIATION Ye pgm Ly bt lec net ean ob ana Spe ani zit Bagh a ncn dettd col an that Fis onesie foe Tee fe) Jraensterateriten so of Subetten To apply Theres 42.1 wena et = ls} 1 filo hats = ge) de [ateits(e de]= { 40) dua 0) +0= F(a) +6 shee Bay sai Wf. yc th eh ry be aren Jristenis'e aa} frteyete)=Ftaten +6 loc Argument In pra, fe) = x + then dum ed and0 [rezone [ g0)-hou= fre) ee= An impatant sil eae when fe) 422 Theor If gis direstible function sed n 1 eran sub, Joorve ay +c mer te [Note the use of bracs{) t signal an implicit substitution.282 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION xen Ut in Bares I= id the sda 1, Check your answer o suport raph 1 [ yim = Aa) (-tay) = Ah aoc = fata 2. [vamie for atPiaan af Ne-oiPac-far-o%se 2 [=F 8ar =| feet 2ede) =1te 9814 0= Bet Ot 4C 4 [rot sihae > We apply Theorem 4.2.2 with n= Jresenter={ferrittarey =| 2M sco pers itac 8 fete = nae 4fP—1PEetae) = shhte? 140 = aye? EC 6 [seven de. Let w= 4-29, Then ay Beene di22? +1) =e da then dzjede= Ju evi den) [dna fea A PRC 1. [gti A c-atrteP an leo at] +e =f ia b Let u=3e+ 1. Then du 66 de, 04 atta Se a forse sahaen [te 27Paen [ee-2PPae— Hee o,f var =Bde = Bf se 91 Mrsette) = 4 Fs —57"* +0 = Ra 5? 46 un, [evi Bde, ta wae 42. Then dade aad 2 = 02. Thos aVEFEde = | (w—2Vidu = [ (2? -261hds = 27 -$8!* wos Td han 08 The Itig= [aR Ee fogs sf te fomanafurihaandeh aioe Fiera? ooo He+2f Yor aac 8 A dm ek carr eave fot fo recat ar ™ oP sekla ewesitivte don sere te Je-nercdene Jew e pram fe yptton gee ene442 SOME TECHNIQUES OF ANTIDIFFERENTIATION 283 bf VS=R ade, bet ua tte Then 2 = [G—1) and de =f Th Vint a de Jur ae-0es Bf Get 62+ we = Hw Bul a8) 4 0 = 5 20) 249 26)°7* B20)" HO b feta eas Because (2.4/4 at de = (243)! dh we Wt P23 mem 3be dm Then Jems sere fier +a Pyeraey= [ulu—ang an = neo) fe ecm geet 9P! farsa +e co 9 8 = 3 con (Aa) = Jin + inf de = fin ees) ~ 3000 fe) 40 ~ Bon fe + 62 in? dem 2 [an 2430 ae) = tease? [0 Gat wy Hoa de Het a, Then dus 841,501 4t = fu and Jieeteuan= actin de = hf secbe(6éo) = fan be +C oct 19 e8 =} fea 2248) = feos 8+ yee By cov sy? dy =f fen yet By dy} = hase y+ set Bde I t ' E ' : ee ne nulbaibs ifn edez aes Ca faut ve atin Pane [ulten dha fora ore Asin = aca eon a) Af sine de) HO temas eee pate Geese} \iedSureisia PEG =-a[ earn wh rom ir gyree wes eben ft Then d= dyad Jasin = ivwer te be Josmae-eonattae rn 2evi=emte te =i fem 20)H9(0 sim te de) =] C2 — con 2n}V2 4.6 = K2 ~ con 224 Aen te pide date24 ‘THE DEPINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION own tdt tat scan = odin ta, [etn ata [ten He 40= fore 4 m, feat oesoa + Leto sin 0, Then dum coe 0 dP, and Jo? em eae Joseptrcntuntose 2%, foun aesenantie~ [andes seated [leche =i) 2 Die 2 fice setae mua te—fe2e4€ oda ae ni a IM a tet w= BE Th du ae and $= fe Ts etl a= Jucugen % [HE enter etaentee stn eee = afer spl csiVeaea eC Bf He? $1VER IIIA de Let w 24-2224 Then d= (42 40 da = —Aefe + Ide, Ths =eenet Caen ovire ef 2elde | vie? yee} = 3] tee = 145202 Yao? 226 a, [OEE tat wa dy. Then y=3— wand dy = ae A SMy _ (6 WH) _ Fyn _gyat 1 sgul8402 40-9)! nD (oi (=i) = fut oe2ya = lil 4.62 4-9! 188-9)! 8 [ VEFE (6 +1) dom [flo -3)41F Quan) 2 fot nia den 2/ (vate aety ae =U fie pec=foenh fare Herre CO a eg nde fettn, (OEM os futdan fer ee a ye. 9 [OSE Lael [ERB as fomnprecanereatec wo. (4) Baha sit wate den(ind)ar -Bplar Jey Sptan [or menrse Sega (208 caveevematan-ymanmen |g 6 | ign [Zep Meet tin tat tan ctede [Pig SP hdu a aa 48014 (tsa aa Are ne VP go cide = Jet Jee PP 2c 2 2 4, [in esinlcorz)de. Tet w=core; dus mn ee, a eslenate=— [ined sien sC=rndens) 4642 SOME TECHNIQUES OF ANTIDIFFERENTIATION 285 foce tan coon 2)ds Eis cratinannaslnisdhe Jovstecmsie seen [ovedeosirec sfoeveriterateeeavton eee 2) Cle) = (52+ 4)? and C(O) Beaune O(0) = 10,10=42) 4K K=P. Thas Cle) = fYae TT (2) =3/IEFT and C0) =0. Here Ce) =2[ te + ae =3-}jie +4 += eM ak Decause (0) = 0, then 0= 4°/?+K s0 K = —8 and the total cont function is C2) = (22+ 4)?—8,, Re) 44 2 +5)"% Therdore Re) = [4+ Lole+5)~Mee~ te We, Besse R(0)= 0, 0= 0-FB-4C; Cm2, Hence Ris) = de ~ 0g Its une are demande when p lle pri per ni then p~ R(c). Thos pom dn M42 pele 45) =4024 20610420 $10; pon +5) = Ue? +28 He 49 ‘Toe marginal revenue funtion fora partislas article is given by R'(z)= ols + 8)~*—e. Find (a) the total efenue function Rand (®) an equation involieg p aad = (dhe demand equation) whete 2 unit are cemanted orien pdollam isthe price per amit (Rte) = fjebee+ 0)? a b=, Hence seen fnction Is R=) (0 Beato Re) = yaa 0 aif6)"" and 0 ‘coulomb isthe charg feet a cea Breaseq = 0 when tf, then 0 == dpa 30e = =Jp+ C=. Tosh gan eonons hs d+ dyad Bence te gratet charg in calonds, ‘qcvalombe ithe charge of electicity at tse and = Hf = 4 cos 104. a= [coe 1204 dt= sin 12H +C. Because q= Owhes {= 6, then 0 =. The @ =Jysin 20¢< $y eae the peatest hares fy coulmbs, V allam is the value of the machine fe yer, and $= ~BK¢+ 1)" vm J -s0oe + 1)-ae a 00(44 19"! +. ecmse ¥ = 700 when ¢= 0, shen 700 = G00-+ Ci C= 20% Tass Vie) = 500(1+ 1)°74200, and V(S) = 500(8)~! +200 = 325, Hace ater 8 yeats the val of the machivary 16 $025. Sn 60: dt =~ fy os UC. | “The volume of water in a tan iV cube pte when the depth of the eater is ters the cate of change of V with respect to his gives by A=a(2h-13)4 nd the volome of water in the tank when the eat 3. Bae sahs vay= [rea-rayen Beaute d2h-+3) =2 0, then Vei)= bef kPa) = fot +0 Because V = 0 whet A=, then o=}:0)'+C fev and ths V(i)= [Oh fer Ved) foto?) fem atte ‘The volume of ate inthe tank when the depths 3m i IT wade286 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL S58. ICV pn i the volemne ofthe el ¢ ayn va [(@—4-2a1- (3-97 Dee Vad when #53. then 3 B10 GC= 19. ‘Thus V= (12-7! +28. On December § t=7, V=5"!+29-=5.1, andthe volume 3 um. trv ex ute ve ofthe talaga cod, thn = TET V = C40 at 2X4 17° 430 +.C. Hecae V = 39 when (= 3, then 39= 9-477 4 J0" 4 Crm Bh The lume he? VEN EDE HEH W VO) EI HLH 5. fire syPae (a) [caesar fee srnete er de (Let water tida=2de, [ere 1)%ee s[earehte c= Wee Beet +2034 2k? ar EC = Bele EHEC {@ The anewes to pats (0) asd (b) are the sare with C= 9+ Ge Ge rlaate [lat 4 2)%e hy tw methods a) Expand (2742) and mip the rol by 25 (0) et v 1242 (6) Faplain the teeare in appearance ef the answes obtained in (2) and (0). > @ [ote entac= facet eset ante [lat ete rsnnien ett 42st ch (Q) If waa? 42 then de (2+2H(e 42) JeQen=W rear earees Math Gat 12s? +6) 4 Cy a fot eat eae rd ( Tue anowers to parts (a) asd (b) ate the sare with C= $+ Cy st. () [teen (enn ye Waen [ers etR\dew JP tenet +, (pees yemnden fie, [OE cen a[ bund Cyn VEA 9G aye se 8elt=1) 4 C= RP nett 4 (a) and (0) are he sue with Cy = -$+Cy stm [VERT des [ yes uPann [eaten seh ecn eI +fe hehe ah 4e AP 4aP +erO, = feerantreem avai @) tes Verh then 2 oe Land dem 2es0 [VETS de foe a feoreutaaryarnte ate He scate alate ii aleve snsitvnonsie [tanseeedent [ud a 240, 4c, Josie cons az (a) ts wate -1 4G ehuaineinara-aecte [tuesomtan mca] esee Aityn teats (6) [2sin com ede Jonteae Jove ta +.C,——H1 - 2sinte) + Cy= aint} + Cy (a) The ansere in (0), (b) std (0) are the same with C, =O, +1 and Cy =C; +} Evaluate fas ot z de by two methods: (2) Let x= eat = (9 lt = ce (6) Blain the dierene fppeaiance of the szswers brained in (8) a4) (a) am eat 2 then a ww (0) The tecece beeen the soutons is Has ~ cts) +6, Cy4.3 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND RECTILINEAR MOTION 287 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND RECTILINEAR MOTION ya dfs. A Sitferntaleqiation ‘The following ope ars wee o Gnd o ction of fnionder diferetial equation I we a ate the variables 1, Seperate he variables ‘Tat is, wit the difcental equation inthe form Ho) dy = Saha 2, Antdiferentiate on both side of the deere equ oy)= Fete wae Gy) =s6y), F'@)=f(2), and ¢ Is an atbteary consant. ‘This equation alld the complete Toletion a the fiferatal eatin. 4. intial conditions are sven (Uhl iy replaceient for & andy are given aubiete the given valu ie the complete luton, wae Fors and subuttate this value fr ¢ inte compe seluton. This rte fa {he pertilerwlstion of the diffrent equation. eb, the equation shold be solve fry. I the diferetisl equation bas the simole form dyfdz = f(z). step is ot necessary. The steps for Gadieg the complete solution are ilustated fs Hsercies 4 and 8, aad the the for fading the particu slsion sz iotrated in Exercise 18 "A seconborder diferential equation in = and y 8 an equation involving =,» dy/ts, atd ds/dy? ‘The This resi in an equation ofthe frm ition af =. There wil be two "The step for fading the solution are ilestmted i Exercise 12, and the steps (or Finding the pocticule solution are strated i cn. Ta partie moves in stnight ine and ite dimectd distance from the origin is units of ditance at of time, the the ita of west © and the mite of aeceliestion © ar gives 0 ft ® daed ° ‘We use Fyuatins (1) and (2) when we ate sven the aceleraion and with to find the tie, distance, and a ilustated in Exercises 24 gad 28. We tse Bq. (8) when ve are nol iatereed in ime, ae illstated in 432. Ie the inal velocity yp we wolee Bq (9) in Exetee 48 to fod tht. tar Fao? If the only force acing ob a patile le the force of gravity, then the socrration i eonstant, and is insely 32 fat 1-14 find te comple sletion of the ditfecetal sunt= one eu norco aan Fit, wesepaate the variables, Note that for any value of, Eq, (1) elds sC79)-SS a4 “Tie Be. (i) the complete ection of he intl eustion 8 fi tet fesean [yt eal eae pode 6 BS rena cones ot —nrrm [capa 8? = P= PP ato Vie yittpcman- [eterna aafron ase” Wee atic We aepraethe vsable and hen entire om oth ie, Pay Pade [tar fevemee Because d(z?-3} = 32" dz, then praf[e-n'oe en age 274, aKa? 430, Replacing 3Cy by C sce Cs any constant, we Base Faye-Fac y= Ge acp? sich is the genent sation. 9, Ba 2S ps tantydy scot Joneses = [nce tn yy stan 46 10. $2296 Resin ede scones [sin ae = fee 20 ds hoon de = pan tere Ba one nay tarde [as [ee-tn y= Ba fe res ce for [ageeereuinensetrlescr4{1.3 DIFFERENTIAL FQUATIONS AND RECTILINEAR MOTION 289 Sa lEHa Te y= dy/ite, Ten yea? = o dy faz and we bave “ woes [Arie Became (22 ~8)=2 de, then Jee-3y"+c, ‘We ansditeentinie asin get. g=ffce-aP are, [ee ea ayeoe2c Spf =a rete! Heo arpenseacge cn eset; f= Joiner 30 (Jems sin a+ 6; je= (eos H+ $ an St+C, Jats 9 =f sin St —f eos t+ t+ Cy y= ff mun even’ [an yeotvas] shuns c= joc, whee, =6-) t= [queers ees fuanee gee Execs 15-20, Gnd the particaas sation ofthe difentileqtion erring by the Batent [dye [taae-idnye |e A kere Because y =-6 when 223, -6= 9-9-1246; C= 6, Therefor, y fo —2? te 46 Ba e+ tet 2h y= F when & conditions, ya [tsteaneretettense © Pi eh yi acer 2 wy 1) Sa feoP ea 1-926, cig Cy 8 By 1, mba th prt wen tite Sas Jay ar= fonteen tem rece Pipa ca json fom it = tin i+. Deas 62 when tap th S22en fe +0214 C;C=2 sin jt =2. Join Se Because y = J when Heo [eony = fain e+ Fpeonty mar 4997 m0 ry 25 oma OE Ge Thom AOA EPH EG, “Beane! 2 when #1, —2=4(-) +0 C, =2. Theor, fea nd 5 2 4442; a= [0084 el stv ede eset sa 42082040, ‘Because w= -1 wien S-442-2405 ©, = 0, Thereire, w= Sot 404204 2¥.200 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND EVTEGRATION a Shae y= fant oot vs > y/= dof, thmn dds = @y/ta?, mad we hove and yefetategt tn Brecses 21-34, a patel is moving on aloe; at secands «fet ie Gnected distance fom the a (Rend ite wlocey, and a feet per second por second is its aceeration. In Fxerise 29-32, Tele wands nn va dhn VIFE c=} [240872 doh a = att 09? =. acouee 4 = O when (= 0, 0= HA? +6, Caf Thereonw, «= fre at -§ mm vattad een [a Aidt =4t-H2 +0. Bomiin twins tego ner feat Toerefece # = 4t={ -6 Ban b=2h; v= Band e=O when E=°. & das aude = 6-208 Jes-2nee “Theron, -P4Cy, Beans v=2 when (= 0,2= Cy Jose +2 =f 40 42+ 0 when 16 we bia Cy =O. Their «=2¢4 48 3° when = 0. Expres ands in ter of we ae given Jrreeese, seca = on = hn 8a ha 0 wien ¢=0, then e~0, and ye te Fgyntions (2) and (2); w and «ae xproed in terme of Because43 DIFFERENTIAL BQUATIONS AND RECTILINEAR MOTIOX 291 a= 02; 8= when f= and 4-3 when t=? Sr tere en [Ces 20Us Hayes e + nies [PsP +c) tt +P +e +c, Decoane 4 = 1 whom #0, C1 Denne 9-2 when f= 2, -2-= $4 9420) 415, = =A Therein, o= Ait 440 —4t stand o =] 44 shea gaa 8 es [ar ata JP —30 + Gy Heeatse oJ when $= 4 FF |H Oy =H [2 Seat = 18 — het 4p. Beaase = nben t= 11 dads C= iV/2 cou 2t~ Jn}iv = Band #=1 when tyBcoetts— Jr» ~-2V8 fete Jeet) = -2VFein(ae—- J) 1-6, 1 22 -2Vfbsinl-Jp) 4G 2 = WHI + C4 p= aE sine — fn) = ~V3 | in Jo)(2dd) = VE aslte- He) + Cy YE co) + C51 = W842) + yi C= 0. Ths = WFconet— Ie) 4 when £6 Expeene wand ain tens of dod, we ae given Thus, ¢, ‘Because v= ded, then se 3 ut = -24in 34.6 Benue #4 when £0, then Cy 4. Thus sis exprnsed in toms of by atin ead um fp= eds deena [rde = $00 [aes 3? 400) ~ 8006: © ~ "600. Therefore = 09 — = 5m = 44, wd sn; [sae = 800d? = 06 +c. Boas 24, Theor fo? = 005 ~ 1000 400 (orthisd? -Siame}o,toatswee +840; C212 Theos, ? Find 22 equation involving vand & 08+. Betause += 20 when 1008 = 241200, when 3 200) = 25004, ee )202 THE DEFINITE INTOGRAL AND INTEGRATION Jreo= [eeetures piaFeec Brean 92 whan 4 ham pteraiic Hones C= and oe VTE In Baers 35-43, che only foreeconsfered is tha: du vo the acceleration of ravty, which we tke ns 32 ff or 08 tafe? ia the dowayrd diction, See 2.7 for exact wales of tho wine nd coin = feat) () 08) = 40 - emo) =f VB) 03824; 0) 428) = wef) (o) a4 Bla com ee fy) = G16 ~ V5) = 0.6508; 4) (72) = Hd ~conz22 Deon fot: «= [Deon rt = Sein ot 4G, Becouse «= 0 when #= 0, 0=C. Hence = fin rt (a) 6) 4 singe —20-+ V5) = 1.001 (6) «(25) = dai fe = 2/9 —n008 (6) (48) ~Sin(ae = 3p) = Lyi DV ~ 12109 (4) o(1.2) =$.intte — jx) = 38. At (one tf be the divest distance ofthe al fi the growed set v fn hte ‘loc. The postive direction is tpward: We have «table of boundary conditions where Ts Shiau vajoerem the imesad wlocy hes the ball ler in grand and Tene and Sf te the time and distance when the tone reachm it highest point. The acceleration of te ball that due to groity. Therefore 2 —32. Thar Gant, [ov=-s0feev-—m04.6, tease = 0 whe set J, we obtain Cy = 20, Hesee 10 4200+ Cy Sace #= 0 when t= 0, C3 = 6 Thue er 4201 Prom (0) wh 2420: T= o Te bat wil be gol uprazd ef, Prom (2) with , we hai $= 16-29. () Tel wl ec lh of From 2) wth += and t= (0) Tent i wi tke me rte bat ke he rot rm (1) wth ¢= fad e= 8 we bave v= -226) 420-22 (0 Therefore be bal late the ground ih pr 20 /e 136. Att sc let s tbe the directed distance af the ball om the grouad, ad let vf/se be ite ‘locity, The postive divecton is upward. We have table of boundary conditions where € ste tad aad » fore ae the time and veloly when the ball stkes the greand and Tsec and S ft [Se the time and distance whea the stone sachets highewe point. The acelraton of ue ball [that due wo gravity. Therefive a= ~82 Thus 2, [do = 22 fats w= 244 C;, Beene v= 5 ven t= 0, we cbiain Cy we have ~ 1624 207 = 0) —A4(H—5) = OFF = fa-s0e4 5: [eem [eam sone 162 4514.0, Since s =O whee = Cy 0. Thus aioe 45 From (1) with and {=T, webave )= 327 +5: TS, (a) The ball will be going upwacd fr fc.4.3 DIFFERENTIAL BQUATIONS AND HECT From (2) with ¢= jp and 9S, we obtain = 10> By+ 20-3 =H (The ball wil reach a height of MF ram (2) with (Therefore it wil take sc forthe ballto strike te round From (1) with t= {and » = wehaven = 0268) +5 =. (@) Teteore te ball will ste she ground with spend of 3 /, At tse let aft be he dicted dinase of the bl fos the tp ofthe Washington Monument and tf, we have = 1622-451 <0 106? — ‘tnd let + fer be is velocity. The pute direcion i upward. We havea table ofboundary fs © ‘conditions where fs and 8 f/oe are the time and velocity when the ball strikes the ground. @ 0.0 1-558 ‘Toe sceratin ofthe Ul hl dint pavity. Tse =m; [or=—mfave 2120 Branee¥=Owhen = Othen C= 0, Here enna: Mt $35 Dee = Owen 1 = 555; =: above the grouad sod i ling tw tse te 1Gt = ro sg= 10 BIE 89. = When (P+ Hl 8) = 10 9Y— Th fd (= “Tae ball :akes(a) I scond to ach te Erne aed (Bi he rena pew 9 see AC sce let be the dicted datatceof the bieais fom the round anklet vfYsee, tg ‘pita voit. The pote deetion is upwards We have a table ef boundatyconions where 0 150 Tine and fie re the ine end veloc when the binoas sie the gow The no 23 dpa; [ae = 24: Breniee y= 1D when =D, Cy = 10. Therefore & I y= 180 ‘Thus #=—162 + 10¢+ 19, Wah #= 0 and {= 7 ne have ~ 167 + 101+ 190 6:2 = fil = VF 34 (a) I wit tae {14+ VHF) 4 sector he Binwelas to aie the ows. Ta (1) le t= §{1-+ VA) and += 0, We have v= —1001 + VF) +10-= -10V9F 98.5 (0) Ths the sped ofthe biocalason imac is IOV AT 3 85 Pe. Fa coin wy ja i big bi 00 abode pnd wie a TD ao. anyone (a) How Dong wl i ke the von (ofeach ite gett highs (0) wha he geton belgh? {O) Hew tong wil ia the sone te pete top ofthe hone en ha way de, ond (@) wha ev Shatin? (2) How lag wl i cake the stone te srk the ground and (9 nth what sly doe she the gon?” ‘seconds after the tone vas thowa, let tet te te vane oft see shove he gonad ‘et per second beth veloc of he sone Borer the prio divin eon ai pnd shannon‘ terete ef the294 ‘THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION de, fen te fata meg Becatoe = 40 whan t=, that c, 40 and (920+ 40) de—= Because the top of the howe is #0 f above te ground, then += 60 when t= 0. Thus ¢, = 60 and +10 C0 = 261 °-f+ Gy + 60+25 ~ —26(t- f+ 8 “Thexefore(a the stone taker Jee to each its rst eight and (0) tne Neh 16 9 (Qiks sone pases the top of he Reuse on my dawn shen 960. Tes oo= 14? +004 00 tayo “The only postive slution i itsmay 2own (@) Replacing t by $in Be, (1), me have -s()+10= 40 “Thos, th velocity ofthe sone ie ~H0 f/f he stant Ht pati the top ofthe Bouse a a may own, speed is the same as when it was thrown (@) Tae stone strikes the ground whee (2-162 00460 =o ee ee ef _ 52 VB. asy eae the soe tl abel 3.5 st site tbe pound. Pam He (1), 3S) +40 =-8y5 = -738 (0 The seocity of the tone is sbout ~T5.8 ae wheat ste te groan, 4 abowe yo head andi ling at» se We B24 tp 88, #16 gt Ag = 1624290, «=O when ~I8e +200 = 0; =H t= HVE GV) = ~80V3, (0) Yor have about 3.34 scons to actor (h) the boser sks at about 118.4 sre 4 Act aeelet ft be he dnd itace ofthe balls the tring pont and lt + foe bits velocity. The positive dition ie upard. We hove a tble of boundary conditions o ere /se isthe velit of the hall when 36 above te ground (ot equivalently 16M above tr staring pint). The celeraton ofthe bln that duet gravy, ence anv dem a2; [vae= a2 [én = -s0040, (@) Became» = 40 when «= 0, me ge C; ~800. There f= 600. Tat 6=16 ane v=). Beet the bal is ring F> O. We have =? = —64(16) +1600 (0) the veloc of te ll i 24 fae whee it 30 fom the ground nd rng 168 s4084C, $ we eanclude that it tas the stone see to pase the top of the house 2. From Ba (2) we obtain AB. Att ae the boulder ba43 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND RECTI = -B.8L4 tp = O84 180 (a) 8 = 407 bgt ag = 497 + 1900-42 (0) a2) oN 2.4 highs 4.07 16004 9 —500, 492-1501 408 0; fy = ATS UTS 4 TOS). (ee wl be 900 fk ap ater about 3.73 sec going sp ad une + eyt4 4g = 10 se coming dows. 1190)? 980 m 90) 1 -+Cy, Berse 9=0 when 0 when 1. Became » = 1209 tan 2, ons? 6 hen t= 8,2 =, The sh Ji-oe+20at =a 4200+, Beene 90 when £200 Cy = -SE +20 The bal ope wher 1B. then s= ~3¢9)*+ 20€8) = MP. Tae bal wil oll 1 fer bon the 3s) gph ook. 000 Hie — Ho fe Sede = Fs 100 P= 10D A she = Goi the satng pl atte pion af he stomebde when te yey HA one ving ae 0 cn 35 age wine [otarenteecy tee 20 in t= 61-220, MaCee= et [At tae, lets meters be ite tance from the staring point, atd let v fare beite velocity. 0 IE atthe paitive direction be the discon tn which the axtomobile i tenvaing. We bate » oe table of beunday conditions. Let A mee! be the ronsant celeron. 20, we have 0 19 22 when 6 = 20, we have 2004. The automobile should maintain «comsant acceleration of 1.62 m/s, Whot comlant ongative acieleraton wll enable driver to eres Uhe speed frm 190 /he to 60k for while traveling a distance o 100 meter? atthe divert treveling casts Lt s mare he iatance sath ofthe eign aconda air becking begin, land let vanter/sec be the velocity at thi tne. sy ma/ste i is stating velocity and » msc! is the constant (eesertion, Asin Esercive 32, we have anvfe isan fusca [ow te nan hs nw Ths,196 ‘THE! DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION ‘Because 60 km/hr = $2mee. we ate given that » = $2 when 24200) = (FFF? ~ (PP = 25? ~ 4 The constant accleation is ~3 m/e, 148. Consider the stating poi tthe pston ofthe car when its vlc 100 BB = 32 (see Bxercie 47). Al t sec Jet simetes be th distance of te car from the staring point, ‘avd lel m/sec be ite velocity, Let the postive direton be the diction in whieh the ca is eavelng, isthe tao of Boundary colons Tse ste te asd » ter in te distoace ofthe ca fret the starting point when Uhecar comes toa stop, The accleration x ~ 8 m/sec [een tec, Reames =2P a 2, he G3 Theo, ie dea ae BB [arm [i-se Meg = APH P+ Cy Sees = whee t= 6 C= 0 Tae sonar 22 ncn ie We bave 02-8849 t= waa () Thenfor it wll ake 3.47 me forthe et to come to a sop. "Thm «= AQ) 4 92. BE = Sw 8.20 (8) Hence the car wil tease! 48:2 m before stopping. Jel? eg tng = ai + 6¢= ~24 314 GP] + $= 3-2e PP The bal rae A Gin Ja). ‘A blok of ele dows ete wth csan acetone m/s: The cut is 8m ang aa I ‘Nia the esto tech tne bottom (0) What the ni selocy athe te? (9) Wat fs be sed ff fetter hastened tm) How og dort tab he st othe 2 ‘Keer tne, sm be the cntnce oe bck sides der the che an et rnb the vlc of ‘ect he scerton 3 fs, hen fins e= [aataarec, “ Hato, t= fecsepan Pesce, Beaute #0 wien 9, thes Cy=0. Forthemnae when Eg. (2), we get then # = 26, Subtiuting these values wameecy — C=3 we replace the values of Cand Cin Equations (1) and (2), we have vaaee3 safe toe (3) Because » = 3-vhen (=O the initial wloct is 3 m/see (To tnd the time it tae fer the ice to travel 12, we let ¢=12 in Ba, (4) and solve for ¢, Thus, aeyesae d= Faas al 2Ne+4) ‘The only postive root is2, cit takes the ce 2 sec to go 12m. (G) Substituting #= 2 in Bq (0), we get v= 9,20 the sped ofthe ce i 9 m/sec after St has traveled 12m443 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND RECTILINEAR NOTION 297 Exencies 88 and 3, nd the othgonal trajectory the family of cue, hats another fan of curves seh SL any pent (62) thve nour ofeach amy thcogh it sad the the tangent Test he to curve st poi ae perpadiai- “Te amy of parabons 2° = any, 2 ‘an ais, the slope of the tangent line tothe parabola ofthe given family through P is 2F w shat the dope of the tangent thr cre of he fay wens through Prot fe Thus an ftv dy =a de; pel ve “* 246; 40y? 6, a family of lige ‘Thefamily 2 +9? 4 dept ody fv $a gh 5M 2% wence a ay pin 2) 0 om 2 Pan fa Hetero the tn inc f= Be jac fytin= [Pn de Giy—2= Cry, a family of hyperbole, AREA Dano fm ad ce integes wih m $m a Fs. fonction dtd forall ingen hen Erp 86m) + Hemet) HH 42) 40-4 Fle N+) “Tae gical proper sven bythe allowing heen should emoritd 446 Theoren — SP) F-1)]=Fln)-FO) a AAT Theorem If is 2 positive integer hen fb (ormua acetiae+) es opie (Gorman) nin + 1)(Q0-+ 1)n? 430 = sot Niet (oven 9 Kote, EG -mra orgies tle paras genrananra Base ‘Defaition Suppose thet the fastionf ie caninoas an the cloed interval (4) with f[=) > forall =o [a and that Rls the region bounded bythe curve y = (2) te £ ax sod the line 2 =a Sed £8, Disde the interval a. into subintervale rachof lengths Az = ()—a)/n. ad lt bea number im the ih subinterval lz; 7, Then the mesure of the area of the region Te siren by 3 wi Sos where f(¢) nthe aide of the ith rectangle Inthe mathod of sserbed rectangles, f(e) isthe “taolue iinimam fonction value on the ith subinteval, andj the method of arewmscribed ‘restangs f(c) ie the abvolte maximum fonction value’ oz the ith stbinteval- elu, the Tint the ante no matter whie cis the Hh terval"a Bates 110 fd hes, Une Tres 2-047 wom appre Se Bra §l-e2-0-men » AR rlace sucmivey Eesot csr ye orwrecernrsorrrerire cen? 9436-4594 66= 293 5 Fay £e 6 Bes Se $1 wart Brebhie ebaty oR Bie cue aa ANd Esta-atatata' ata taeo bb eek E as 1. Bago hed sR ai alelers2eise 28 « teadea-o-leoilad aestrdatebytrdys td ter dade Bea $B ioy BSE EN 5 28:28 soa, ue Boutin Bor sey naka sok - 20) 40.22 - 109.00 as Betsy nae ea ering Toren 146 ih FQ) 2 we Zest -10}) > We amiy Theorem 446 with F(3)= Sav — 10) = 10-10 we Bibb] =-Sifeba f= Lade-H] = 18 wine theorem 446 wi ra ply Thaw,AAAREA 20 Biers ps2 Zee pasty sine) Esia+?) = Leer Fhe snertn en . 7 . Seu-a= Eur-ay=1Fe-0 F Herth g Meaney = Jon +1)an(n +1) ~ tn + 1) = fla + DRA S0~4) = nt In? fa Eyot-sty-att ry Breas (8-34? Suerte sao rence 1-20, es te method of hinseton tof the are, A sguare ants ofthe repens oe inside cided rcteagles an insted, For cach exereae draw fiat showing the gion and the Rh eta. Ta ‘2-28 ee Jon) a the neauce ofthe abtade of te ih eetatle, mhee m =H, +a) i he inf the th subir Erevan 2,22 and te egion bounded by 9 = 24. the x as and the ne Tmsiigd cectangles Let f(2) == Toe ced ater (0,2 vided inom pbinerae cach of lng Bends The ss sibnteral (ys); where f= 1.2, Boose sinceaing on (0,2) the sbolc ‘aati vale off 00 (2-yo2) Mya Slee) ~ (ei)? = OE NBA = = ae? = ae ‘we may apply Theorem 4.46 with P(E) = (3*— 3-47. Thos, An tin, E senar= lin £, + Thhearen of the repoa i$ aquare waits. pe mangle eto) = 2 Telok nied tat nitrate ‘Th Bntae Jin increasing o [0,2 the abyoite Sle) = (2)? =(a2? =H a2)*=4 A MANOA an Grados + There of thereon ef ase it ep fo) he atin. an ith r= m= Heit) = A= tm Exempae fg Heyes gn aft2toso=§300. THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION ta Bains 28, 2 and 35, the repo above the = aus and tothe Hight the Ene Geter ent; tel Ge curyy ane? Lak (GQ) 242° Th ced incl [1,2 side nto msubierva of leapt ‘Bow dThe th ebinteral a gga where 29, inscibed rectangles Bese & dazeasing ow the bole minis value of Fon es y2d Ha). fix) = 4(1 418) Am lip, 3B pteae: rl Ea Ed: Bede-(+8)-+ Fi 10 yaa fs re Hepasn ain, E, £0 a3 $010) "2 ap [£8 8-3(E1-0) Ee Mo NONE D1) iy [o-(04 Se B-KreBQed) ef] “Theft sree te esi sure nit ee [a-(rei)rd-Yreted)e¥eed)-a 140-3204 0=§ (a Beis 25, 2, and 36, te ren above the =a nd to he it ofthe Be «= 1 banded by he = a these ean theca y= t= 1%, circumscribed rectangles. Let {(z) =4—2". We wish to find the area of the region bounded by the 7S ytey thes tau hd he ne =1. Daan nreang ou (2, and detaung [ae we {ace deemed mangle we casi the to sean inter [-2,0 and 0) Le A gute al there of te rep Bonu by te ete y=/(2) te ass nde an Tae clos evel 2 ‘irda nto sebimerale ac of lengih Ae : Same ft credng on (-20] Unabnone masts vane of 044 AREA 301 ~ pig [IG-MOEDg, MOEA) i foi 8) sft Be Dee at Ay aunt wits be the are of the region unde bythe curve y = J(2). the axis they ais, snd the line #1U1 The aed intra 1] ve ito m subintervals cach of length Ae =f The th subatenal wie) en ‘ecae Jie decowing on (03), tb aboute maxinum vate of J on Heea)= 10+ 6 Has) —4-[a-vhf tesa tm, [CSP YA ue = in] Yate ne 4 Hod) ATA, 2A,= 141} <9. Thas the requ ave ie 9 square units Inscibed rectangles Because fle) = 12° is not momtonic on the intaval [-2,1} we divide the region into two paris Le Ay square unite be the aren che eg Ry fo the eft of the y is bounded ly the eaves the acy and the yas, The cowed interval |-2,0] is divided into subiniervaly, staring from the origin. Thus As, Decase fs increasing on [-2,0} the absolve minimum value of fon sical He) where flag =4~ (8 4 dal? a t-(-8) AE Ami, Speoten tn, SA ste lb Es-8 F4] = ti [p-.-g.meeuee lim [5-0 +8)2+8]]= lat Ay muare units be the area ofthe rpon bounded bythe cure, the = ax they ax andthe line # = 1, ‘The clowed interval (0,1) is divided into n subintervala Thus Az = i/mand 2, ide. Because fis decreasing 01} the anaes vale of fa («8 Fe) wore Hep ‘The number of squire units inthe are ofthe region is A, +A, = $84 N= 9. ‘midpoint. La f(2) 4-22. ‘The closed Interval [-2,1] fs divided into m subintervals cach of leapt ee Bn, The ith eubisterval i [5-+2,]) where fm 1,23,0m Let the altitude of the th rectangle be fir) where m; = 2;—]ae=-2+ 81-3 fim) =4—(-2-B)aBif 24-24 3) +048) 1S So (t+ ahirclananyeaie As tip, E simgas= im, E(-8- Se4(+ Bhi S83 = Ha(C4-3) ae pint - By S = ua | - 8-2 +Be e+) efor] = 180-0 ‘Therfee, the aren ofthe region is 9 square units,302 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION In Bxercins 27 and 2f, the region is hoonded by y= 2 the = axa, andthe lines = 1 and 2 =2- {Br inmoribed rectangles, Let fe) = 2 Hocane f(2) ronpositive on [10] art - Sonueativeon [02] we conser the two separate intervals (~1,0] and (0,2) Eat A, aqure ite he the aren of the region bounded by the cuve 9 = f(=), the Ie 7 = 1 and thes aki: The lose! interval [-1.0 s divided into = fubintervae cach of length = f The th subintreal i PTGS The foetion f ie fnreasing on [-1,(, and in order tohave inserted vectnnlen we take ~ f(z) a8 the ntsnde ofthe th rectangle (ni ~ fle) = Hola) lim, BS, -s0a2 = ip WB, o-)= tp eee Lat Ay wun art the en of the aon Boal by the ere y=) te ln = = and the = Wee SS oY SUAS i eaters of kngth z= The th einral sere ee athe neon fs ncening on [0] abd in ne eh acted estar we Fa) mealies teth etn A $e) = 10+ (1932) ue, Bf f aE E 0m ne fd hp. Andy 4 p= }H4 =H Toe the rete ate nlf sua sis 28. teumseib rectangles. lat f(a) na, See the Ogu. Bocas (2) 8 woapositve on (10) a that inves separately: Let Ay mane unit be the aze of the egin Ry bourne by thee Tue rn cy anderen The ued itera [10] Sve item oubinterale, ating from the Thus Ae=lyn and = ibs. / i lernsng on [1,0] nd in ener te hove crnseried tangs dake -f(e) ae = Let Ay sqaate unite be the are ofthe spion Rg handed by the curve y = 2% te Tine = = 2 and the = ‘The daecs inves [0,2] 8 divided intern subinicrvoln, Thus Az = 2/n ont 2, — las. fis increasing on [0 ‘and Sn order to lnve crcanueribed rectangles we take f(z) a» the altitude of the ith rectangle, where 3 =82 In Bxercies 29 and 30, the negon is bounded by ‘Greamacited eetanglee Let (2) = 2° +. Deeaase f(s noaponitive lind onnegatve on [0.1] we consider the to separate intervals [~2, and [0 ‘See te figze, Let Ay square unis be tb aren of the zen bousded by the curve jon 221 and the zante The cowed interval [-2,0] i dived "The ih vubintreal [ejay where Ta .2,3ym The fnetion Fis increasing on [20] ard in der have Careatmoesibcd sertngles we take (2,1) asthe otiade of the Hh rctar! (6a) = -(-246- Daf -(-2+6=08)AA AREA $03 (tis) in. (8 (nsw + E (o41-v)= ow (FF O44 F 3) Pos? 4, 4226 Let Ay squaze units be the dre of the region bouaded By the curve y= f(z), the line z= 1 and the = axis ‘Te chee interval [0-1] divided inte'm subinterenls ath of length Ar =h, The ith subintervals (2, 82 swhere F123. The function fie increasing on {0} and in erder wo have czeumscribed rectangles me ake f(z) the stiade of the Hh rectangle. Heh= 104330) = ok Ag = O+E Ths the require area iE squace unit, = 4m Beemae 0) ie nonpritive on [-2,0} and sonnegative on (0.11 we teva [-20) and [Set the ge above Let Ay square unio bythe ata of the eon bounded ly the cave p= Y(a), the Ine 21 and the = aus, The cowed interval (-20] {Geico iso » intervals cach of engin AB The th sublateral is =, or] where f= 1.2.3.7 The fanction f is increasing on |~2.0), and ia order to have inscribed rectanghs we take ~f(#;) as the altitude of teat neange 7 = se) =-4-2 +100) = (248) (4 te ‘The thec inert (i Avid inte Wainer (2), the line 2 =1 and the = axis oflength ie = hehe dh mabiterval by 353 wher F= 1,231 The fonction fis inerssing on (01) are in erdr t have iseribed rectangles we take etet “f(aj1) asthe abide ofthe sth setae. fs, Ao tin, © steuadda= in, 5, * Pat 1,3 M024) De ae (ved) of iad PE po AED (08) hq = 643. Thus the reqited aren is 27 squate units, Be nsec oreo pres el vie uma Seen epee ne tiren Seen earn cenre| the ah rian FH, —84h- A= tip S]o)—2e,sy)se= ip Sikes hgh.2025)] | Wb, +h)306 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL AND INTEGRATION 32. "The graph of y= Ale] and the = ass from scctin to Sed to as of this Glnagle » Asketch of the regions shown at he right, We utile synmety Let Ay gaze wnita be the avea of the part f the eegion to the lft ofthe x axe ‘The dosed intereal [0] is divided into subintervals of lengta Az= 4/ starting from Om thatja,|=-4i/m. The bight of th ith seit rectangle in =[si=4—% s-tala4$ Let Ay square units be the area ofthe putt ofthe region tothe right of the = divided into n subintervals of lengh == 4/s starting form 0 so tha agin | invcrbed retange fe4[ey|=4- fant a0 Ap=Ay=8. Thetfore A= A, © Ay vad) where 1=1,2decn. Let the alade of the ith rectangle bem) Weta oP=ahis Rev) = tai = 2 IA syare uitsis the area of the reios bout by the cave y Am tip, EE flmpdem tim, SS Iy(t ais 1h tie, ( fue —a4) a) te ais and theline 23, 2 nn 192041) a7 nln) a2 = eae ate)? 1 The aes ofthe region 9 aquare unite, In Bvercies 37-42, a function f and mumbessn, a, and bare given. Approximate the area, A square units, of ‘egn bounded by the cue y = (2), the 2 axis and the ing 2 =# and # = Phy deing the following: Dive Interval c,5] nto m subintervals of eqaal lesgth Az unles and use « caleclator vo compute to four decimal pl ‘he rm ofthe ares of m iesctibed or ceeunseribed (as indicated) eetanges each having a width of Az unit 37 se) =. The interval [89] divided inte 10 abner of length AGL = 0.2. We wnh te vein i decremsingin [18 the abeoate minimum vate of on 12) AD [UL2)+ M10) + 14.8)+ 18) + 129) J2)+ 124) + $28) + 128) + 7]02 = (het thst detest dts tale tive = Lao sare)= Jp 0-1 subiaterval of length jh Beene J is deteasing on [1,2], the absolute maximum value off on fa 2]i8 Hed 1-449) = (Wf) cf +(Q) +) + CR) +40 +BY +) + (80 + + GRY + 2) + sna ches hatha hae cht ght ghee ghee ghe th} = sma =2, 222, dreunseibed rectangle, The cles terval [1,2] i divided inte44 AREA 908 In Brecises 39-2, pu your ealedator ito radian mode f{e) = sins. Theinteral gr] divided into 8 aubitervaa of lmgth 33m -f Ihe We wi ue Grcumacribed rectangles. In [Jx,41], sin is increasing so is absolute maximum valve is at the right end of -sabinterval: in [Jr $x], sin zis deceasing oo its absilute maximum value isat the left end of a subinterval A fin jen pein prin fersin tain he +i rnin ye = 18500 fielmeons, a0, bale, a6, lseribed retanels, ‘The clad terval 0.x} it divided ino 6 -rbintcrvals of length yr. Because f is decreasing on (0, |r}, the absolute minizmam value of f on ey..#4) 8 fe) = covs, = cod fr) (> ewe ye con ir Ho fet nie te ie tee - 98004 $e) = sin =. The itera fede] divided ito 8 suicterva of lngth fe — fe] = inverted rectangles. fs [Jz fel, an i increasing oo ie absolute minimum value i at the let end of a bine in ef] in +n decesing 0 Satter vie at terigt end ofa sutaera A> (in Be tin sin or in a in d tain an rain Bebe x ns see) bade ‘ebinterval of length dye. Because f is decreasing cn [0,4r], the absclute maximum value of f on fg F(a.) = 08 2. =e) : A. <[eoe 0c fyr co fr coe je se fy sco ye] = 1280 Wench toprove that S ire) reua= 2 a+ ¥ c(9. sow Emo s00a1= 0) 90) +04 60 +) +60) +--+) +60 By bylying the succstive ad coounutative las of ation tothe ight side of the above equation we get E Fe +600) = 18a) +10) +800) +--+ F(m} +60) + G(2) 46¢0) #1 +6(m) E roroo= ¥r0+ £ oo Prove Theorem 44.5 By Definition 4-41 ELFE-D = Mle te) 94 -F H@FA-D =F) + FPO = ERO, ireamscibedrectarges. The dowd interval (,5e] is divided into 6 F ris =Mle-dede-+hb-o+ed= Ree FO= Lew) "Thus both parts of che theorem are proved. Eiste2eet (ea ta ant Siento-n4 4241 ‘Rddieg the above equations, we obtain (osama geod (net sins arin) (m4)£06 THe DetINrTe INERGRAE AND WWreoRATION ey f ane bien) & Wewithiopme $5 a Met Nen ty) == 17941 —$ Uieg Those 4A46 (elecopig Pon teat erm and Forms ton the sca tr we E60 e Sing Bye MOE pe tne? sage ay = |nle(et—1)4.n+ 1) 4. werthtopmre Beat doe + 12(n—1) £8) = Palm ean) Beawse (¢1)¢ 42462441 [¢-- 146 —aint] Using Theorem 4 sees is elie] r= (1) 227-28 41g, ‘he fat sm, and ormulas 2 and ton suze tere we have Beeb Somer Baa Ber Sip hs Plat P-2 bain em 1s dolos 1) = bist) +n)? hola Nes etnies) dela 16ln— 192 41) + Helm 1) 10020 +1) 415) = pln + (60+ 90? +01) = han 1) + 1Y8n? «3a 1) 4STHE DEFINITE INTEGRAL. 4 Riemann sem fer the function fon the coed intereal [.] is any sue ofthe form Dae The ost A feqsprtpeatg} Is alld 8 partion of the Interval (6.8). The largest of sambes 44 Age,» Age called the norm of te partion and i epreented by 1A ‘he subintertis Bev equal length the pectiion i rela: The sit that appeaesin Det 44.8 is Riemann sum fora gular partion, Riemann sxe afproximate better when the sre chosen toe the midpoint rather than the to ight eons of the Hnervele 45.1 Definition Let fe a function whose domain includes the closed interval [eH Then fi seid to. ‘tegroe on [6,0] i Uae isa number Lsaisving the condition thay for every ¢> suis 42 Oni hat or evry partion fer wheh I< ad fc ay he Taverval fej peyh = 2 [Epteoae-tec gb Eftedde=L45 TILE DEFINITE INTEGRAL 307 452 Definition If fs «fenction defined os the closed interval!) then the definite ategral of f(itegtend) rom a (lower lit) t9 8 (upper limit), [24(2) ds, given by [ite jin, Eres A eit Fe pion rp, have [Cresson tim, Eseae 45.3 Theorem Ifa fasction is continuous on the closed interval (8, then its iteprabe on fa ‘Thefoloring extension of Theorem 469 ia omesnes wel Theorem if non sed sod boned be Conc trv oly then ota on [8 ‘sod ony it actos tere exp for aot pits whch, fr any¢ > 0 estan in Soe ire tera of te ey of ng the ASA There Lt the fnction be conn om [8 ad f()>0 for a =i a8. Let R be the recon Sune by the curve y= fs) he satan the ines ® eae 28. Then he mate ofthe arn the ein Fes pes by Aa tin, Sviwlaz o> die, Shea Xie condn (2)20 nso sind, me eae fe) mh 7) Definition a> 4 tben [s) de Defaition If (0) exits then ["s(=) de = 0. 4.5.9 Theorem If kis any constant, then [fete = 40-0) 1 Thre If te fon f andy se inepble oo a ee 93 negate om an [ister +ateriae = [rede [ated ae lid ng i sh ae Free [ners ital oil ind nr recs 4-8, Gd the Rien su for the fnetion om the inrval, sing che patton Aad de ven rt ty Shekh ie graph and show the eiengey se tssre of whan tet ate toe ten of bens Jie) =2, 05253. 3 Soper = Ho)dret He Soe+ HoOae+ flee CN 5-0) + L255) + 10.9)228-128)+ 2819-229) Fab eI 4 181 BCT Fo), 0< 7 £8. B Hope Hm\aye HeadBaes Moder + Moe e4 Seer 5 SP (18—0) 417 (1.25 ~ 18) £1.75 (2— 1.25) 42.259 (279 —2) 4 275708 = 275) F=hi sess E epae= Mw) sede Snare Medde (1.61 =1)4 (225-167) + gh (287-295) thy x20) = 1.1 61940s Tie DEPT VTHSRAL AND INTHGRATION phy-tsestin » noone fla) Ag2 + flea) dge + Fley)Age + Hla ldyt + Seeger + Feeder +, Mwrldgt + fl) Oge gphep ye (025 +1) + phy nO +028) gpd gx 05-0) + phyXlh 25-05) + peg (225-2) + gploga (276-225) +gbgx( 8-278) = Loss. ins 02 oe FS Huds = Saye flo)Oge + Mepddge tS edde+ Meat sein ox G0) inf leo) tan exe Jo) tn eo etal Beale) 2178 6 fey —Benfe, rezcn B Sla)Ae Monae Mende el dne Helge Meee afeiteonbesie oon —Be) x(x +2) + col fa) x (hr tbe) + os Dx(de the) 008 FG =13.6008, In Exercises 7-10, approximate the value ofthe definite integral two ways (a) tie a calenlatr to compate to ‘decimal paces the eonespording Riemann sur witha repslar partion of n subintervals and w, as the ‘Sapo f each subaterval (0) tr the NINT capaity of your calla 1 Ke) =p m Arabs? =}, (0) Ji Herter 41) 41+ 10 + 108) 4 10+ 108) 4 199 41 “a LBs Bet e+ hat y+ oe + Be tah 0.267% (6) 0.000, 8, [{E4s, m= 10,05 te eft endpoint of) ara Sgtaos ['Lden[bedrtaly eats ts tet drt dat talon) = om (b) Using NINT, we Hl the vale o be 0.287 EG 8 Babe) [2% seen fee) tafe ate che ect rae sie r= ta 2 ta, f(a) tan dep = 6 ute rg endplae (a) dx = EGE [recs tem tae a csc tee ten ete He + we Bebe ~ 0m 0 0.767 tp Facts 11-26, determine the xa: va ofthe ate atgtal by interpting i the meat of te st plane rein: Cock ning NINE a an, Je tte = aeaerante (1.0), (88) (8,29) HO? — ein the Ha end 9. (a) n=8, mete le endpint. Ae 2 Pere > aiden en ce ut hil anti 3-2) = Suerte [itetame TS 13, [2 Vi F ae = retin ondrat pact of eee centered at (0,0) fav 2) = fe C2F 16, [1 /i6=7 ae = arcafunpr half ie ered (0.0) of aud) = f(a)? = 8445 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL 309 = de = araltiangle (0,0), (4.0) (44) ane rianle (0.0), (20) Nas to2= 2. Tren (0) =3, 1(3)=0 and $4) the integral ithe monrae ofthe aren ofthe rangle (0) (0:2), (2.0) above the = ane mitus Un meanre ofthe area ofthe tangle (3,0), (4.0), (4,1) bw the = ati, Therefore o—2) =4ays-Jay=3-]=4 (520) aatapezié (1.0 * (an 5)as = asea(teapesoid (1,0) ( 1. Hence the valee of Ta (s2)(80)) =H #192 (= 2,9) 2.0) = HS +942 (1) 2)) + areatriansle (0,0), (40), (449) = HOye-+ Ka = he = area trangl (0,0), (2,0), Piiaalae at f(@) =11~ 2h Then f(-3)= 4, {(8) =0 ane #(2)=2. Hence the vat ofthe tegral nthe measure ofthe aves of tangle (1.0), (-3,0), (~8.4) plus the ttmase ofthe aren of tingle (1.0), (0) (32) Taereore [yimzke=Hon+ 402 =10 [fte-nae (triangle (2,0), (5,0), (5,8)) ~arealiriangie (2,0), (0,9), (0,-2)) = Ha) —42)2 =} 412) f()=5-% * Ga —21-8)de = seeo(sinngle (8.0), (10), (1)2))—area(tiangle (5,0), (2.~3). (~1.0)) ane) Ye Lat fle) =6-[x~2) Then (9) 6-24, #2) =6-0=6, (8) =6-6=0. (te — 2am atearapenid (0.0), (4s (6) (2,0) +aatinee (2.6), (0) (09) =A +02) Hoe = P astesanie Let fle) = S4le al M8) m3 +1 4, A= 340 B4)=34401 Hence te vue ote atepal te mame oft are of bape (5,0), (558) (243) (210) sheet mesie ofthe arn af merida), (4 (0.7), (0,0). Therefore slot siie= y+ 3K0 ree Because y? = 22 2? = 1~(2— 2 et View weaspaleh ocelot age) =a Because 9? = 5442-27 = 9 (2? — 444) = 9-(2—2)4 (2-2) +9? * JEETE—T de = naleumicins centred st (2,0) rave 3) = Jo(3)? = fe 50 esis Sa ng Mth wos W Gab toa abe Be Paine ae Becaoae each regi above thes axis ie congruent to one below, the integral.