Capricorn 1: An Indian chief demanding recognition

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e O n l i n e Et ym o l o gy

D i c t i on a ry , t h e w or d I n di an e n t e r e d E n g l i s h
f r o m t h e L a t i n In dia , b y w a y o f t h e G re e k

In di a m e a n i n g r e gi o n o f t he I n d u s R i v e r
a n d l a t e r u s e d t o de s c r i b e t h e r e g i o n b e h i n d i t . T h e s e t w o t e r ms d e s c e n d u lt i m a t e l y , f r o m t h e S a n s k r i t s in dh u w h i c h m e a n s ri v e r . 1 River descends from Indo-European (IE) root r ei -1 w h i c h m e a n s t o s c ra t c h, t e a r , cu t . 2 I t s p a r o n y m s i n c l u d e t h e w o r d s ri m o s e ( fu l l o f c h i n k s , c r a c k s , o r cr e v i c e s) , ro w, ro pe, ri ve ( t o re n d o r t e a r a p a r t ; t o b r e a k i n t o p i e ce s, a s b y a b l o w ) , ri ft , ri f e , rip a ri a n , ( o f , o n , o r r e la t i n g t o t h e b a n k s o f a n a t ur a l c o u r s e o f w a t e r) , ra va ge , a rri ve , rip e, re ap , a n d

ri p p le .
T h e w o r d c hi e f de sc e n d s f r o m t h e I E ro o t k a put - w h i c h me a n s h e a d .
3

A m o n g i t s p a r o n ym s a r e t he w o r d s c a p ri ce , a c h i e ve , b i ce p s , c a ddi e ,

c a de t , c ap i ta l , ca pit o l , ca pi t u l a te , c apt a i n , ca t t le , c h a pt er , c h e f, c h ie f t a in , c o rp o ra l , h e a d, ke rc h i e f , a n d m is c h i e f .
T h e w o r d d e ma nd d e s c e n d s f r o m t he I E r o o t ma n- 2 w hi ch m e a n s h a n d.
4

P a r o n y m s i n c l u d e m an a c l e , ma n a ge , m an n e r, m an u a l , ma i nt a in ,

m a n e u ve r, m a ni c u re , m an i f es t , m a n u re , m as t i f f, m an ip u l a t e , m a n da t e , c o m m a n d , re co m m e n d , c o m me n d , c o un t e rm an d , de m an d , re m a n d , a n d t he
n a m e s E dm u n d a n d R a ym o n d . T h e w o r d r eco gni t i o n de s c e n d s f r o m t h e I E r o o t gno - w h i c h m e a n s t o k n o w . 5 I t s p a r o n ym s i n c l u d e a c kn o wl e dge , c an , c o n, c un n i n g, c o u t h,

1 2 3 4 5

http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=India Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary

of of of of

Indo Indo Indo Indo

European European European European

Roots, Roots, Roots, Roots,

p. 70 p. 37 pp.51 pp.32 1

Starling Hunter 2011

n o t i ce , n o ti f y , n ot io n , a c q u ai n t , kn o wl e dge , re c o gni ze , gn o m e , gn o s is , gn o s t i c, n ot e, an n ot a t e , c on n o te , n o rm , n o rm a l , a n d a bno rm a l .

TH EMES : T h e f i r s t t h e m e c on c e r n s AUT HORIT Y FI GURES , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e i n t he m i li t a r y . F o r e x a mp l e , c om m a n de r i s a p a r on y m o f d ema ndi ng a n d i t re f e r s t o a n o f f i c e r w h o i s i n c h a r g e of a m i l i t a r y g r o u p o r o p e r a t i on . 6 T h e w o r d s c o rpo ra l a n d c ap ta i n a re b o t h p a r o n y m s o f ch i e f a n d a l l t h re e w o r d s d e s c r i b e r a n k s i n v a r i o u s b r a n c h e s o f t h e m i li t a r y . F o r e x a mp l e , c hi ef m e a n s o n e w h o i s h i g h e st i n r a n k o r a u t h o r i t y ; a l e a d e r a n d c a n re f e r s p e c i f i c a l l y t o a c hi e f p e t t y o f f i c e r o r t he c h i e f e n g i n e e r o f a s h i p . 7 A c o rp o ra l i s n o n c o m m i s s i on e d r a n k i n e i t h e r t h e U S A rm y o r t h e U S M a r i n e C o r p s. 8 A

c a p ta i n i s o n e w h o c o m m a n d s, l e a d s, o r g u i d e s o t h e r s a n d m o r e
s p e ci f i c a l l y t h e o ff i c e r i n c o m m a n d of a s h i p , a n a i r c r a f t , o r sp a c e c ra f t o r a p r e c i n c t c o mm a n d e r i n a p o l i c e o r f i r e d e p a r t m e n t . 9 I n t h e U S m i l i t a r y a c ap t ai n i s a c o m m i ss i o n e d r a n k i n t h e Na v y , A rm y , A i r F o r ce , a n d M a ri n e s . 10 A s e c o n d t he m e c on c e r n s P RA ISE . Re ca l l t h a t o n e p a r on y m o f d ema ndi ng i s c o mm e n da t io n ( o f f i c i a l o r p u b l i c p r a i s e ; a f o r m a l r ecog ni t i o n o f a n a c h i e v e m e n t o r p r a i s e w o r t h y d e e d ) . Th e w o r d r ecog ni t i o n h a s se ve r a l m e a n i n g s i n c lu d i n g a g r e e m e n t t h a t s o m e t h i n g i s t r u e o r i mp o r t a n t a n d p r a i se , r e s p e ct , o r a d mi r a t i on . 11 A t h i r d t h e m e c o n ce r n s t he a n t i t he s i s b e t w e e n DEST RUCT ION a n d RE PAI R . R e ca l l t h a t o n e p a r on y m o f r i v e r i s t h e w o r d rive ( t o w r e n c h o p e n o r t e a r a p a r t o r t o p i e c e s ; t o sp li t w i t h f o r ce o r v i ol e n c e ) . I n c o n t r a s t , on e p a r on y m o f d e man di ng i s m a in t ai n ( p re s e rv e f r o m f a i l u r e o r d e c l i n e ; t o k e e p i n a c o n d i t i o n o f go o d r e p a i r o r e f f i c i e n c y ) .

6 http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/commander 7 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/chief 8 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/corporal_2 9 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/captain 10 i b i d 11 h t t p : / / w w w . m a c m i l l a n d i c t i o n a r y . c o m / d i c t i o n a r y / a m e r i c a n / r e c o g n i t i o n # r e c o g n i t i o n _ 5 Starling Hunter 2011 2