logK H2CO3 : 6.35 gHCO3– = 0.

85
logK HCO :
3
–
10.33 gCO 3
=
= 0.48 <<<<<Cambiar estos coef. Según Fuerza Iónica

pH coef2 coef1 % [HCO3– ] % [H2CO3] % [CO3= ]

4.0 190.2913 0.0000 0.5228 99.4772 0.0000
4.2 120.0657 0.0000 0.8260 99.1740 0.0000
4.4 75.7563 0.0000 1.3028 98.6972 0.0000 Especies carbonata
4.6 47.7990 0.0000 2.0492 97.9508 0.0000 100
4.8 30.1591 0.0000 3.2093 96.7907 0.0000
5.0 19.0291 0.0000 4.9927 95.0072 0.0000 90
5.2 12.0066 0.0000 7.6884 92.3115 0.0001
5.4 7.5756 0.0000 11.6609 88.3388 0.0002 80
5.6 4.7799 0.0000 17.3012 82.6982 0.0006
70
5.8 3.0159 0.0001 24.9006 75.0981 0.0013
6.0 1.9029 0.0001 34.4472 65.5500 0.0029 60

%
6.2 1.2007 0.0001 45.4383 54.5558 0.0060
6.4 0.7576 0.0002 56.8902 43.0979 0.0118 50
6.6 0.4780 0.0003 67.6444 32.3333 0.0223
6.8 0.3016 0.0005 76.7982 23.1617 0.0401 40
7.0 0.1903 0.0008 83.9546 15.9758 0.0695
7.2 0.1201 0.0013 89.1760 10.7070 0.1171 30
7.4 0.0758 0.0021 92.7784 7.0286 0.1930
20
7.6 0.0478 0.0033 95.1387 4.5475 0.3137
7.8 0.0302 0.0052 96.5824 2.9128 0.5047 10
8.0 0.0190 0.0083 97.3414 1.8523 0.8063
8.2 0.0120 0.0131 97.5482 1.1712 1.2806 0
8.4 0.0076 0.0208 97.2402 0.7367 2.0231 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0pH
8.6 0.0048 0.0330 96.3619 0.4606 3.1775
8.8 0.0030 0.0523 94.7619 0.2858 4.9523
9.0 0.0019 0.0828 92.1888 0.1754 7.6358
9.2 0.0012 0.1313 88.3022 0.1060 11.5918
9.4 0.0008 0.2081 82.7258 0.0627 17.2115
9.6 0.0005 0.3297 75.1754 0.0359 24.7887
9.8 0.0003 0.5226 65.6637 0.0198 34.3165
10.0 0.0002 0.8283 54.6905 0.0104 45.2991
10.2 0.0001 1.3127 43.2366 0.0052 56.7582
10.4 0.0001 2.0805 32.4610 0.0025 67.5366
10.6 0.0000 3.2974 23.2694 0.0011 76.7295
10.8 0.0000 5.2261 16.0613 0.0005 83.9382
11.0 0.0000 8.2828 10.7726 0.0002 89.2272
11.2 0.0000 13.1274 7.0785 0.0001 92.9215
11.4 0.0000 20.8055 4.5860 0.0000 95.4140
11.6 0.0000 32.9745 2.9434 0.0000 97.0566
11.8 0.0000 52.2610 1.8775 0.0000 98.1224
12.0 0.0000 82.8281 1.1929 0.0000 98.8071
os coef. Según Fuerza Iónica

Especies carbonatadas

HC
O3
–
H2
CO
3

0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0pH 10.0 11.0 12.0

 logKCO3H2 = 6.35 gCO3H– = 0.85
logKCO3H =
–
10.33 gCO 3
=
= 0.48 Cálculos para coef.actividad= 1

pH coef2 coef1 % [CO3H–] % [CO3H2] % [CO3=] coef2_b coef1_b % (CO3H–)

4.0 190.2913 0.0000 0.5228 99.4772 0.0000 223.8721 0.0000 0.4447
4.2 120.0657 0.0000 0.8260 99.1740 0.0000 141.2538 0.0000 0.7030
4.4 75.7563 0.0000 1.3028 98.6972 0.0000 89.1251 0.0000 1.1096
100
4.6 47.7990 0.0000 2.0492 97.9508 0.0000 56.2341 0.0000 1.7472 % [CO
4.8 30.1591 0.0000 3.2093 90 96.7907 0.0000 35.4813 0.0000 2.7411 % [CO
5.0 19.0291 0.0000 4.9927 80 95.0072 0.0000 22.3872 0.0000 4.2758 % [CO
5.2 12.0066 0.0000 7.6884 92.3115 0.0001 14.1254 0.0000 6.6114 % (CO
70
5.4 7.5756 0.0000 11.6609 88.3388 0.0002 8.9125 0.0000 10.0883 %(CO
5.6 4.7799 0.0000 17.3012 60 82.6982 0.0006 5.6234 0.0000 15.0979 % (CO
5.8 3.0159 0.0001 24.9006 50 75.0981 0.0013 3.5481 0.0000 21.9869
6.0 1.9029 0.0001 34.4472 65.5500 0.0029 2.2387 0.0000 30.8759 Entre paréntesis
40 coef.activ=1
6.2 1.2007 0.0001 45.4383 54.5558 0.0060 1.4125 0.0001 41.4489
Entre corchetes
6.4 0.7576 0.0002 56.8902 30 43.0979 0.0118 0.8913 0.0001 52.8718 los coef.actividad
6.6 0.4780 0.0003 67.6444 20 32.3333 0.0223 0.5623 0.0002 63.9989 se escriban arrib
la zona verde
6.8 0.3016 0.0005 76.7982 10 23.1617 0.0401 0.3548 0.0003 73.7948
7.0 0.1903 0.0008 83.9546 15.9758 0.0695 0.2239 0.0005 81.6767
7.2 0.1201 0.0013 89.1760 0 10.7070 0.1171 0.1413 0.0007 87.5661
4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
7.4 0.0758 0.0021 92.7784 7.0286 0.1930 0.0891 0.0012 91.7179
7.6 0.0478 0.0033 95.1387 4.5475 0.3137 0.0562 0.0019 94.5094
7.8 0.0302 0.0052 96.5824 2.9128 0.5047 0.0355 0.0030 96.2990
8.0 0.0190 0.0083 97.3414 1.8523 0.8063 0.0224 0.0047 97.3649
8.2 0.0120 0.0131 97.5482 1.1712 1.2806 0.0141 0.0074 97.8916
8.4 0.0076 0.0208 97.2402 0.7367 2.0231 0.0089 0.0117 97.9757
8.6 0.0048 0.0330 96.3619 0.4606 3.1775 0.0056 0.0186 97.6330
8.8 0.0030 0.0523 94.7619 0.2858 4.9523 0.0035 0.0295 96.7998
9.0 0.0019 0.0828 92.1888 0.1754 7.6358 0.0022 0.0468 95.3278
9.2 0.0012 0.1313 88.3022 0.1060 11.5918 0.0014 0.0741 92.9762
9.4 0.0008 0.2081 82.7258 0.0627 17.2115 0.0009 0.1175 89.4150
9.6 0.0005 0.3297 75.1754 0.0359 24.7887 0.0006 0.1862 84.2623
9.8 0.0003 0.5226 65.6637 0.0198 34.3165 0.0004 0.2951 77.1917
10.0 0.0002 0.8283 54.6905 0.0104 45.2991 0.0002 0.4677 68.1218
10.2 0.0001 1.3127 43.2366 0.0052 56.7582 0.0001 0.7413 57.4234
10.4 0.0001 2.0805 32.4610 0.0025 67.5366 0.0001 1.1749 45.9773
10.6 0.0000 3.2974 23.2694 0.0011 76.7295 0.0001 1.8621 34.9389
10.8 0.0000 5.2261 16.0613 0.0005 83.9382 0.0000 2.9512 25.3085
11.0 0.0000 8.2828 10.7726 0.0002 89.2272 0.0000 4.6774 17.6138
11.2 0.0000 13.1274 7.0785 0.0001 92.9215 0.0000 7.4131 11.8862
11.4 0.0000 20.8055 4.5860 0.0000 95.4140 0.0000 11.7490 7.8438
11.6 0.0000 32.9745 2.9434 0.0000 97.0566 0.0000 18.6209 5.0966
11.8 0.0000 52.2610 1.8775 0.0000 98.1224 0.0000 29.5121 3.2774
12.0 0.0000 82.8281 1.1929 0.0000 98.8071 0.0000 46.7735 2.0932
para coef.actividad= 1

%(CO3H2) % (CO3=)
99.5553 0.0000
99.2970 0.0000
98.8904 0.0000
98.2528 0.0000
% [CO3H–]
97.2589 0.0000
% [CO3H2]
95.7241 0.0000
% [CO3=]
93.3885 0.0000
% (CO3H–)
89.9116 0.0001
%(CO3H2)
84.9018 0.0003
% (CO3=)
78.0125 0.0006
69.1226 0.0014
Entre paréntesis con
coef.activ=1
58.5481 0.0031
Entre corchetes con
47.1220 0.0062que
los coef.actividad
35.9892 0.0119
se escriban arriba, en
la zona verde
26.1834 0.0218
18.2851 0.0382
12.3690 0.0649
0.0 11.0 12.0
8.1744 0.1078
5.3147 0.1760
3.4168 0.2842
2.1797 0.4554
1.3828 0.7257
0.8732 1.1511
0.5490 1.8180
0.3435 2.8568
0.2134 4.4588
0.1313 6.8924
0.0797 10.5053
0.0474 15.6904
0.0274 22.7809
0.0153 31.8630
0.0081 42.5685
0.0041 54.0186
0.0020 65.0592
0.0009 74.6906
0.0004 82.3858
0.0002 88.1136
0.0001 92.1562
0.0000 94.9034
0.0000 96.7226
0.0000 97.9068
 Partimos de las ecuaciones (4) a (6) que aparecen en el tema “Especies
Carbonatadas”:

Generalizando las ecuaciones (4) y (5), resulta:

γ CO . K CO H-
– 3 H- 3
[CO = ]=[CO 3 H ] . − pH
3 γ CO . 10
=
3
Llamamos a toda la fracción coef1, y resulta:
[CO = ]=[CO 3 H – ] . coef 1
3
Análogamente, generalizando las ecuaciones (6) y (7), obtenemos:

− pH
γ CO3 H- . 10
[CO 3 H 2 ]=[CO 3 H – ] .
K CO H
3 2
–
[ CO 3 H 2 ]=[ CO 3 H ] . coef 2
(Las variables coef1 y coef2 son simplementeabreviaturas para utilizar en el cálculo
con Excel)
Si asignamos al total de especies carbonatadas disueltas el valor de 100, debe
cumplirse que:
[CO 3 H – ] +[ CO 3 H 2 ]+[CO = ] = 100
3
Sustituyendo (A1) y (A3) en (A5), resulta:
[ CO 3 H – ] +[ CO 3 H − ] . coef2+[ CO 3 H − ] . coef1= 100
Despejando:
100
[CO 3 H – ] =
1+ coef 1+coef 2
En la Hoja de Cálculo primero se calculan los valores de coef1 y coef2
en el tema “Especies

γ CO . K CO H-
3 H-
H– ] .
3
− pH
γ CO . 10
=
3

H – ] . coef 1
(7), obtenemos:

− pH
γ CO3 H- . 10
H –] .
K CO H
3 2
–
3 H ] . coef 2
viaturas para utilizar en el cálculo

ueltas el valor de 100, debe

H 2 ]+[CO =] = 100
3

oef2+[ CO 3 H − ] . coef1= 100

100
=
1+ coef 1+coef 2
ores de coef1 y coef2