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Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Important Formulae in Trigonometry Angle Measures: 1 Right Angle Triangle: 900 10 = 60 (60 minutes) 1 = 60 (60 seconds) X0 = (10/9) x grades 1800 = I radian = X degree = II. Definitions Hyp. Opp. Adj. and x radian= x grades = 1 Right Angle: 100 grades 1 grade = 100 (100 minutes)
III quadrant
IV quadrant
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Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Note: You can remember the values by the following trigonometric circle.
( ( ( ) ) ) (
90
( (
) ) ( )
0 0
180
( ) ( )
( (
) ) (
270
0,
( ( ) ( ) )
Fundamental formulae:
Expansions: ( ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ) ) ) )
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Fundamental Booklet
Fundamentals
Converting sum to products: 2A and 3A values: Some important trigonometric relations in a triangle:
C b A a R a
= =
( (
) )
( (
) )
= =
( (
) )
( (
) )
1
6
Rules of Exponent:
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Where and are constants. This equation referred to as being linear because versus graph is a straight line. The constant b called the , represents the value of at which the line intersect the . The constant is called the slope of the line and is also equal to the tangent of angle that the line makes with the . If any two points on the line are specified by the co-ordinates ( ) and( ), then the slope of the line can be expressed as
Note that and can have either positive or negative values. If > , the straight line has a slope. If < , the straight line has slope. In above figure both and are positive. Other three possible situations are shown.
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The number a is called the base number. The logarithm of x with respect to the base a is equal to the exponent to which the base must be raised in order to satisfy the expression ;
In practice, the two bases most often used are base 10, called the common logarithm base, and base ..., called Eulers constant or the natural logarithm base. When common logarithms are used, : ( When natural logarithms are used, ( ) )
In general, note that you can convert between base 10 and base e with the equality:
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Radian measure: The arc length s of a circular arc (Fig. B.4) is proportional to the radius r for a xed value of (in radians):
The equation of a straight line is Where b is the y-intercept and m is the slope of the line. The equation of a circle of radius R centred at the origin is
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Where is the length of the semi-major axis (the longer one) and is the length of the semi-minor axis (the shorter one). The equation of a parabola the vertex of which is at is is
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Fundamental Booklet
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( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( * * If )
( ( ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( * ( )+ * + ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) )
( )+ + ( ) and
(Provided
Tangent
Slope=
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If the tangent to the curve at a point is parallel to the axis of x (or perpendicular to the axis of Y), then If the tangent to the curve at a point is perpendicular to the axis Of x(or, parallel to the axis of y), then
|| O ||
Y
( )
()
= X
( )
O
()
I. II. III.
If If
> <
( (
)* )*
+ +
( ) > <
Then tangent at that point makes an acute angle with x-axis. Then tangent at that point makes an obtuse angle with x-axis. O For finding the maximum and minimum values of ( ) Y If c be a point in the interval in which the function f(x) is defined and If ( ) ( ) is negative, then ( ) is maximum at x=c If ( ) ( ) is positive, then ( ) is minimum at x=c ( ) If ( ) , then x=c is a point of inflection(i.e. there is neither maxima nor minima at x=c).
O
() ( ) > <
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Integration:
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