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Contents
1.Introduction 2. How to define the informal economy 3.How to measure the informal economy 3a. Damages of the informal economy
1. Introduction
1.Introduction
The official statisticians have referred to this segment or a closely comparable one by various names like unregistered, unorganised and unrecorded segment of the economy.
Informal economy has a special place and importance for developing countries such as Turkey. Weighted share of taxes is a known fact that the public finances. The ratio of tax revenues in total public revenues is 90% in developed countries but 70% in developing countries. Social , psychological, political and moral dimensions can determine informal economy.
The informal economy can be also called as the black economy, cash economy, hidden economy, illegal economy, informal sector, underground economy, or unobservable economy.
if the intension is to emphasize the clandestineness of economic activities The informal economy is sometimes also called as the shadow economy, hidden economy, disguised economy, underground economy, or twilight economy
if the intension is to emphasize the illegality of activities as the black economy, gray economy, or illegal economy or illicit economy
if the intension is to emphasize that activities are disguised from State as unofficial economy, non-formal economy, informal economy or unregistered economy if the intension is to emphasize that activities are left outside official GNP due to insignificance thereof. as marginal economy, second economy, or secondary economy
They are run by self-employed persons working alone, with the help of unpaid family members or, in some cases, a few hired workers or apprentices ...
Informal sector units can adapt quickly to changing economic conditions because they can lay off workers easily or hire additional workers; labour relations are based on personal and social relations rather than formal guarantees.
The informal economy is largely characterised by: Low entry requirements in terms of capital and professional qualifications. A small scale of operations. Skills often acquired outside of formal education. Labour-intensive methods of production and adapted technology.
The international concept also distinguishes between the two subcategories of informal economy enterprises :
Family enterprises comprised of independent and ownaccount workers, family workers, apprentices and workers,
regulatory frameworks as well as non-remunerative work undertaken in an incomeproducing enterprise. The informal economy can be described through the following employment categories :
(a) Self-employed, i.e. own-account workers , heads of family businesses and unpaid
family workers ; (b) Wage workers, i.e. employees of informal enterprises, casual workers without a fixed employer, home workers , paid domestic workers, temporary and part-time workers and unregistered workers. (c) Employers, i.e. owners and owner operators of informal enterprises
Friedrich Schneider (2002) has estimated size of the informal economy in 110 developing, transition and OECD countries.
6.Demography
7.Inflation and Economic Crises
Social ,
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