Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Sample Number
x1
x2
0.0629
0.0636
0.064
0.063
0.0631
0.0622
0.0628
0.0631
0.0633
0.0634
0.063
0.0619
0.0613
x3
max
min
0.0635
0.064
0.0629
0.0011
0.062766667
0.0631
0.0622
0.0009
0.063066667
0.0633
0.0628
0.0005
0.0631
0.063166667
0.0634
0.063
0.0004
0.0628
0.063
0.062566667
0.063
0.0619
0.0011
0.0629
0.0634
0.062533333
0.0634
0.0613
0.0021
0.063
0.0639
0.0625
0.063133333
0.0639
0.0625
0.0014
0.0628
0.0627
0.0622
0.062566667
0.0628
0.0622
0.0006
0.0623
0.0626
0.0633
0.062733333
0.0633
0.0623
0.001
10
0.0631
0.0631
0.0633
0.063166667
0.0633
0.0631
0.0002
11
0.0635
0.063
0.0638
0.063433333
0.0638
0.063
0.0008
12
0.0623
0.063
0.063
0.062766667
0.063
0.0623
0.0007
13
0.0635
0.0631
0.063
0.0632
0.0635
0.063
0.0005
14
0.0645
0.064
0.0631
0.063866667
0.0645
0.0631
0.0014
15
0.0619
0.0644
0.0632
0.063166667
0.0644
0.0619
0.0025
16
0.0631
0.0627
0.063
0.062933333
0.0631
0.0627
0.0004
17
0.0616
0.0623
0.0631
0.062333333
0.0631
0.0616
0.0015
18
0.0630
0.063
0.0626
0.062866667
0.063
0.0626
0.0004
19
0.0636
0.0631
0.0629
0.0632
0.0636
0.0629
0.0007
20
0.0640
0.0635
0.0629
0.063466667
0.064
0.0629
0.0011
21
0.0628
0.0625
0.0616
0.0623
0.0628
0.0616
0.0012
22
0.0615
0.0625
0.0619
0.061966667
0.0625
0.0615
0.001
23
0.0630
0.0632
0.063
0.063066667
0.0632
0.063
0.0002
24
0.0635
0.0629
0.0635
0.0633
0.0635
0.0629
0.0006
25
0.0623
0.0629
0.063
0.062733333
0.063
0.0623
0.062952
UCL =
CL=
LCL=
0.0007
0.00092
.0638932
control chart
.064
.062952
.0635
.063
.062
.0625
CL
LCL
0
10
15
20
25
15
20
25
.0620108
UCL
Subgroup
.002369
UCL
.001
.00092
.0015
.002
.0025
R control chart
LCL
.0005
CL
10
Subgroup
No, the process is out of statistical control. Both the and R control charts have 1 point which is outside
the 3 control limits.
(b) Estimation of process standard deviation:
(c) The 6 sigma limits may contain nearly all the process measurement.
LCL =
For control chart: UCL =
LCL =
) = -0.00198
0.064834
0.06107
Since
, the process uses up more than 100 % of the tolerance band. Large number of
nonconforming units will be produced.
5-5.
Sample
Number
1
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
x6
x7
x8
x9
x10
x-bar
stdev
max
min
ssquared
2.5
0.5
-1
-1
0.5
1.5
0.5
-1.5
0.5
1.333333
2.5
-1.5
1.777778
0.5
1.5
-1
1.5
-1
0.45
0.926463
1.5
-1
2.5
0.858333
1.5
-1
-1.5
-1
-1
-1
-0.1
1.125463
1.5
-1.5
1.266667
0.5
-2
-1
1.5
-1.5
-2
-1.5
-0.6
1.173788
1.5
-2
3.5
1.377778
-0.5
0.5
-0.5
-0.5
0.471405
-0.5
1.5
0.222222
-0.5
0.5
-1
-2
0.971825
-2
0.944444
-1
-1
-1
1.5
0.05
0.895979
1.5
-1
2.5
0.802778
-1.5
-0.5
1.5
-1
0.5
-0.5
-0.15
0.818196
1.5
-1.5
0.669444
-2
-1.5
1.5
1.5
0.5
0.2
1.183216
1.5
-2
3.5
1.4
10
-0.5
3.5
-1
-1.5
-1.5
-1
-1
0.5
-0.15
1.528434
3.5
-1.5
2.336111
11
1.5
-1.5
0.5
-0.5
-1
0.3
1.206464
-1.5
3.5
1.455556
12
-2
-0.5
-0.5
1.5
0.5
-1
1.154701
-2
1.333333
13
-1
-0.5
-0.5
-1
0.5
0.5
-1.5
-1
-1
-0.55
0.68516
0.5
-1.5
0.469444
14
0.5
-1
-0.5
-2
-1
-1.5
1.5
1.5
-0.15
1.248332
1.5
-2
3.5
1.558333
15
1.5
1.5
-1
-2
-1.5
0.15
1.270389
1.5
-2
3.5
1.613889
-0.00333
1.06621
3.2
1.205741
CL=
LCL =
1.06621 ;
1.036221259
-1.042887925
Average Volume
1.5
1
UCL, 1.037
0.5
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
CL, -0.003
-0.5
LCL, -1.043
-1
-1.5
Subgroup
Standard Deviation
2
UCL, 1.830
1.5
1
CL, 1.066
0.5
LCL, 0.302
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Subgroup
6
UCL, 5.686
5
Range
4
3
CL, 3.200
2
LCL, 0.714
1
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Subgroup
The R control chart seems to look the same as the s chart in (a) although it has higher control limits
compared to the latter. Both show that all points are in control.
(c)
control chart:
UCL=
CL= =1.136803
LCL= =
2.979606
0.219142
3
UCL, 2.979606
s-squared
2.5
2
1.5
CL, 1.136803
1
0.5
LCL, 0.219142
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Subgroup
The high points and low points in and s control chart are mostly the same although they are higher in
than in s control chart. It can also be seen that there is one point in
that is in the lower control
limit and is actually almost outside the limit; this might suggest an out of control signal in the process.
5-13.
m= 50 subgroups
n= 4 items
(a)
= 20 + (1.628)(1.44) = 22.34432
= 20 - (1.628)(1.44) = 17.65568
= =
UNTL= + 3 = + 3 = 20 + 3(1.56300879) = 24.68903
LNTL = - 3 = - 3 = 20 - 3(1.56300879) = 15.31097
(c) specification limits:
USL = 19 + 4= 23
LSL = 19 -4 = 15
0.85305556
Since
, the process uses up more than 100 % of the tolerance band. Thus, large number of
nonconforming units will be produced. Moreover, 117.23% of the specification band is being used by
the process.
5-30.
CTQ: tensile strength of a metal part
m= 30 samples
n= 6 parts
(a)
;
Control limits for R control chart:
UCL=
CL=
LCL =
Control limits for control chart:
UCL =
CL=
LCL=
(b)
Process Capability:
i.
Thus, about 1.1% of the tensile strength of the metal parts produced will be outside of the
specifications.
ii.
0.84466667
<1, process uses up more than 100% of the tolerance band, thus, a large number of nonconforming
units will be produced. Moreover, 118.4% of the specification band is being used by the process.
(c)
=(L-k ) - (-L-k )
= (3+0.5 ) - (-3+ 0.5 )
= (4.2414014) (-1.7586)
= 0.99998889 0.039323
= 0.960666
5-34.
CTQ: cigar lighter detent
Specifications: (0.3200 in., 0.3220 in.)
Sample
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5
max
min
x-bar
1
9
0
1
-3
-7
-3
0
2
0
-3
-16
-6
-3
-1
9
4
9
1
0
2
-1
-2
0
2
-2
2
-3
-5
-1
6
3
0
0
-1
0
-1
-3
-1
-1
-1
0
0
5
-1
9
0
3
2
0
0
0
-3
-3
-1
-1
-4
0
0
-2
6
3
2
1
-4
2
-2
-2
-1
2
2
-1
-8
5
-1
9
9
9
2
0
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
5
-1
1
0
0
0
-4
-7
-3
-3
-3
-1
-3
-16
-8
-5
-2
8
9
9
2
4
9
3
3
5
3
5
18
8
10
1
6.466667
6.2
3.8
2.8
1
-1.6
-0.6
-1.4
-2
-0.6
0.4
-1
-3.8
-3.4
0.4
-1.2
0.06667
Range
15
UCL, 13.673
10
5
CL, 6.467
LCL, 0.000
0
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Subgroup
There is one point outside the control limits suggesting a signal for an out of control process.
(b) I would recommend using 6 for the control limits:
(
(
) = 20.87905
) = -7.9457 ~ 0
Thus, about 99.97% of the cigar lighter detents produced will be outside of the
specifications.
ii.
0.00012
<1, process uses up more than 100% of the tolerance band, thus, a large number of nonconforming
units will be produced. Moreover, the process uses up about 834049% of the specification band.
5-40.
UCL= 104 ; Center line= 100; LCL = 96 ; n=5
CTQ N
k=1.15
=(L-k ) - (-L-k )
= (3-1.15 ) - (-3-1.15 )
= (0.428522) (-5.57148)
= 0.665864377 0.000000012
= 0.665864364
Probability that the shift will be detected by at least the 3rd point:
5-41.
2.992797
Thus, the expected number of samples taken to detect the shift is 3.
5-44.
Specifications: USL= 620 ; LSL= 580 ; n=9
(a)
1.111
>1, process uses up less than 100% of the tolerance band, thus, a small number of nonconforming
units will be produced. Moreover only 90% of the specification band is being used by the process.
(b) assuming that is constant
k
(3-k )
(-3-k )
0.1
0.996533
0.000483424
0.99605
(3-k )
(-3-k )
2.75
7.6E-08
1.15796E-29
7.6E-08
0.2
0.991802
0.000159109
0.75
0.773373
7.60496E-08
0.991643
9.87E-10
1.77648E-33
9.87E-10
0.773373
3.25
7.39E-12
1.55873E-37
7.39E-12
0.5
9.86588E-10
0.5
3.5
3.19E-14
7.81881E-42
3.19E-14
1.25
0.226627
7.39226E-12
0.226627
3.75
7.92E-17
2.24141E-46
7.92E-17
1.5
0.066807
3.19089E-14
0.066807
1.13E-19
3.67097E-51
1.13E-19
1.75
0.012224
7.91973E-17
0.012224
4.25
9.22E-23
3.43407E-56
9.22E-23
0.00135
1.12859E-19
0.00135
4.5
4.32E-26
1.83446E-61
4.32E-26
2.25
8.84E-05
9.22341E-23
8.84E-05
4.75
1.16E-29
5.59497E-67
1.16E-29
2.5
3.4E-06
4.31901E-26
3.4E-06
1.78E-33
9.74095E-73
1.78E-33
.8
n=9
.6
.4
.2
0
0
3
k
5-47.
control chart:
UCL= 815 ; Center line= 800; LCL = 785 ; n=4
control chart:
UCL= 46.98 ; Center line=20.59; LCL = 0
=(L-k ) - (-L-k )
= (3+1 ) - (-3+ )
= (5) (-1)
= 0.999999713 0.158655
= 0.841344459
The probability of detecting the shift on the first subsequent sample is 1- =1-0.841344459= 0.158656.
5-48.
6.302962987
That is, the expected number of samples taken to detect a shift of -1 with n=4 is 6.
5-67.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
obs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
10.07
10.47
9.45
9.44
8.99
7.74
10.63
9.78
9.37
9.95
12.04
10.93
11.54
9.58
8.8
12.94
10.78
11.26
9.48
11.28
12.54
11.48
13.26
11.1
10.82
span
2
span
3
span
4
span
5
span
6
span
7
span
8
span
9
span
10
0.4
1.02
0.01
0.45
1.25
2.89
0.85
0.41
0.58
2.09
1.11
0.61
1.96
0.78
4.14
2.16
0.48
1.78
1.8
1.26
1.06
1.78
2.16
0.28
1.305
1.157
1.02
1.03
0.46
1.7
2.89
2.89
1.26
0.58
2.67
2.09
1.11
1.96
2.74
4.14
4.14
2.16
1.78
1.8
3.06
1.26
1.78
2.16
2.44
2.049
1.21
1.03
1.48
1.71
2.89
2.89
2.89
1.26
2.67
2.67
2.09
2.46
2.74
4.14
4.14
4.14
3.46
1.8
3.06
3.06
1.98
2.16
2.44
2.598
1.262
1.48
2.73
2.89
2.89
2.89
2.89
2.67
2.67
2.67
2.46
3.24
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
3.46
3.06
3.06
3.78
2.16
2.44
3.048
1.31
2.89
2.89
2.89
2.89
4.3
4.3
2.67
2.67
3.24
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
3.46
3.78
3.78
3.78
2.711
3.555
1.403
2.89
2.89
2.89
2.89
4.3
4.3
2.67
2.67
3.24
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
3.46
3.78
3.78
3.78
3.599
1.331
2.89
2.89
2.89
4.3
4.3
4.3
2.67
3.24
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
3.78
3.78
3.78
3.767
1.323
2.89
2.89
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
3.24
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.46
3.78
3.78
3.954
1.331
2.89
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.46
4.46
3.78
4.1294
1.3416
obs
10.07
10.47
9.45
9.44
8.99
7.74
10.63
9.78
9.37
span 11
span 12
span 13
span 14
span 15
span 16
span 17
span 18
span 19
span 20
10
9.95
11
12.04
4.3
12
10.93
4.3
4.3
13
11.54
4.3
4.3
4.3
14
9.58
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
15
8.8
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
16
12.94
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
17
10.78
4.14
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
18
11.26
4.14
4.14
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
19
9.48
4.14
4.14
4.14
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
20
11.28
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
21
12.54
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
22
11.48
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
4.14
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
23
13.26
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
5.52
5.52
5.52
24
11.1
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
5.52
5.52
25
10.82
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
4.46
5.52
4.328
4.405714
4.495385
4.6
4.723636
4.872
4.953333
5.055
5.185714
5.36
1.364009
1.352276
1.347537
1.350161
1.360494
1.379388
1.380528
1.388736
1.405724
1.435074