DC CIRCUITS

NAME: MUHAMMAD ALIF AIMAN BIN IBRAHIM UITM NO: 2010801746 GROUP: EM11002Q1 CODE PROGRAM: EM110 LEC.NAMES: EN.AZRUL

DEFINISION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD (EMF)

An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature (the others are gravitation, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction). The field can be viewed as the combination of an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric field is produced by stationary charges, and the magnetic field by moving charges (currents); these two are often described as the sources of the field. The way in which charges and currents interact with the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. From a classical perspective, the electromagnetic field can be regarded as a smooth, continuous field, propagated in a wavelike manner; whereas from the perspective of quantum field theory, the field is seen as quantized, being composed of individual particles.

electromagnetic field

DEFINISION OF RESISTOR

A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. When a voltage V is applied across the terminals of a resistor, a current I will flow through the resistor in direct proportion to that voltage. The reciprocal of the constant of proportionality is known as the resistance R, since, with a given voltage V, a larger value of R further "resists" the flow of current I as given by Ohm's law:

A resistor use unit that called ohm (symbol: )

SERIES RESISTOR
In a series configuration, the current through all of the resistors is the same, but the voltage across each resistor will be in proportion to its resistance. The potential difference (voltage) seen across the network is the sum of those voltages, thus the total resistance can be found as the sum of those resistances:

As a special case, the resistance of N resistors connected in series, each of the same resistance R, is given by NR.

PARELLEL RESISTOR
Resistors in a parallel configuration are each subject to the same potential difference (voltage), however the currents through them add. The conductances of the resistors then add to determine the conductance of the network. Thus the equivalent resistance (Req) of the network can be computed:

HOUSEHOLD CIRCUITS
The electricity that comes into the house enables you to plug any suitable electric device into the wall socket (power point), turn the switch on, and the device starts working. The circuits that are wired into a house by an electrician, all start with the wires coming in from the power lines outside. The wire from the street first runs to the FUSE BOX. Inside the fuse box are the fuses, (or circuit-breakers) which are designed to prevent excess electric current passing into the house. If the current running into the house is TOO large then the heat produced in wires can become excessive and a fire could start. A fuse or circuit breaker is designed to only allow a certain maximum current to flow into a household circuit. If the current in the fuse wire becomes too large, the heat released causes the wire to melt and the circuit is broken preventing a possible house fire. The circuits in the house are generally wired in PARALLEL, which allows you to operate each light or power point independently of the others. This also means the current running through any one section of the parallel circuit stays small enough to prevent problems. It is important to remember that when you use a powerboard or double adaptor each device plugged in creates a new parallel circuit, but the total current for all of the devices must flow in the one house circuit. This is why it can be very dangerous to piggyback double adaptors or to plug too many devices into a single powerpoint. The following diagram shows the way most circuit breakers work. The current from the power supply comes in from the right. The current flows in a coil of wire which has a soft iron core inside it. When current flows through the coil an electromagnet is formed. The strength of the electromagnet is directly related to how large the current flowing in the coil is. If the current grows too large, the electromagnet becomes strong enough to attract the side of the contacts closest to it, and as this occurs, the contacts are broken and the current stops flowing. A person must then reset the circuit breaker before current can again flow.

If the current becomes too large, the contacts are broken when the electromagnet acts to pull the contacts apart. The pivot arm moves over the spring and is prevented from returning.