an example of an Equilibrium Test

answers

1. In equilibrium game 1, each graph appears to level off, ignoring random fluctuations, at
approximately what per cent?
Why do you think that is?
When random fluctuations cause the graph to move away from equilibrium, what causes it to
move back? Explain.

2. A. Immediately upon addition of the tails in game 2, what was the value of [heads]/[tails]?
Were we still at equilibrium?
What is the value of the equilibrium constant in that reaction?

2. B. Given the following imperfect data from game 1, complete the results.

Data Results

# heads Flips No of flips T ⇒ H No of flips H ⇒ T

0 0 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

8 1-10

12 11-20

13 21-30

11 31-40

3. Write the expressions for the equilibrium constants for the following:

a. H2 (g) + I2 (g) ↔ HI (g)

b. CaCO3 (s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

4 If A + B ↔ C + D + heat, is at equilibrium, and more B is added,

a. Which reaction should be faster, the forward or backward?

b. Immediately after the addition of the stress, will the new, non-equilibrium fraction,
[C][D]/[A][B] , be greater, equal to, or less than the equilibrium constant?
c. In which direction will the equilibrium be driven; to the left or to the right?
d. Will the new equilibrium concentrations of A, B, C, and D, be greater or smaller than the
original equilibrium concentrations? Explain.
e. Will the new equilibrium concentrations give a new equilibrium constant which is greater,
equal to, or smaller than the original equilibrium constant?

5. For the reaction N2(g) + H2(g) ↔ NH3(g), in a 2.0 liter container at 1000°K, there are 2.0 moles
of N2, 3.2 moles of H2, and .20 moles of NH3 at equilibrium. Calculate the equilibrium constant.
6. When molecular iodine (I2) is heated, some of the diatomic molecules decompose to atomic
Iodine, (I), according to the equation: I2(g) ↔ I (g) . At 1000°K, 2.74% of the .00305 moles of I2
have decomposed in 250 mL. Calculate K.

7. SbCl5 ↔ SbCl3 + Cl2, At 448°C, in 5.00 L, the equilibrium masses are 3.84 g SbCl5, 9.14 g SbCl3,
and 2.84 g Cl2. If 10 g of SbCl5 are placed in a different 5.00 L container at 448 °C, what will be the
equilibrium concentrations in the new container? (Answers: .00118M, .0055M, .0055M)

Answers

test

1. In equilibrium game 1, each graph appears to level off, ignoring random fluctuations, at
approximately what per cent? 50%
Why do you think that is?

The probability of flipping a head and a tail are equal when at 50%. Heads and tails should be
flipped at equal rates. RF = RB

When random fluctuations cause the graph to move away from equilibrium, what causes it to
move back? Explain.

As soon as a fluctuation causes the per cent heads to become greater than 50%, the likelihood
of a head flipping to a tail also becomes greater. The greater the fluctuation, the greater the
probabilities are that the system will return to equilibrium numbers.

2. A. Immediately upon addition of the tails in game 2, what was the value of [heads]/[tails]?

K = [Heads]/[Tails] = (18/64)/(46/64) = 0.39

Were we still at equilibrium? No

What is the value of the equilibrium constant in that reaction? K = [Heads]/[Tails] =

(32/64)/(32/64) = 1.00

2. B. Given the following imperfect data from game 1, complete the results.

Data Results

# heads Flips No of flips T ⇒ H No of flips H ⇒ T

0 0 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

8 1-10 9 1

12 11-20 7 3

13 21-30 5.5 4.5

11 31-40 4 6
3. Write the expressions for the equilibrium constants for the following:

a. H2 (g) + I2 (g) ↔ HI (g)

b. CaCO3 (s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

[HI]2
K = ----------- K = [CO2]
[H2][I2]

4 If A + B ↔ C + D + heat, is at equilibrium, and more B is added,

a. Which reaction should be faster, the forward or backward? forward

b. Immediately after the addition of the stress, will the new, non-equilibrium fraction,
[C][D]/[A][B] , be greater, equal to, or less than the equilibrium constant? less
c. In which direction will the equilibrium be driven; to the left or to the right? right
d. Will the new equilibrium concentrations of A, B, C, and D, be greater or smaller than the
original equilibrium concentrations? Explain.

[A] will be less since some of the A is used up by the increased collisions of A and B
molecules.
[B] will be greater than its original equilibrium concentration but less than its new
concentration immediately after the addition of B.
Some of the newly added B will be used up by the increased collisions, but not all of it.
[C] will be greater since increased collisions of A and B produce more C
[D] will be greater since increased collisions of A and B produce more D

e. Will the new equilibrium concentrations give a new equilibrium constant which is greater,
equal to, or smaller than the original equilibrium constant?
equal to

5. For the reaction N2(g) + H2(g) ↔ NH3(g), in a 2.0 liter container at 1000°K, there are 2.0 moles
of N2, 3.2 moles of H2, and .20 moles of NH3 at equilibrium. Calculate the equilibrium constant.

[N2] = 2.0/2.0 1.0 M; [H2] = 3.2/2.0 = 1.6 M; [NH3] = .20/2.0 = .10 M

[NH3]2 (.10)2 .010

K = -------------- = ------------- = ------ = .0024
[N2] [H2]3 (1.0)(1.6)3 4.1

6. When molecular iodine (I2) is heated, some of the diatomic molecules decompose to atomic
Iodine, (I), according to the equation: I2(g) ↔ I (g) . At 1000°K, 2.74% of the .00305 moles of I2
have decomposed in 250 mL. Calculate K.

↔
I2 2I

moles put in .00305

8.36E-
moles reacted 1.67E-4
5
moles at .00297 .000167
 equilibrium
equilibrium
.0119 .000668
concentration

K = (.000668)2 / .0119 = 3.75 E-5

7. SbCl5 ↔ SbCl3 + Cl2, At 448°C, in 5.00 L, the equilibrium masses are 3.84 g SbCl5, 9.14 g SbCl3,
and 2.84 g Cl2. If 10 g of SbCl5 are placed in a different 5.00 L container at 448 °C, what will be the
equilibrium concentrations in the new container? (Answers: .00118M, .0055M, .0055M)

↔
SbCl5 SbCl3 + Cl2

molecular
299 228 70.9
weights
equilibrium
3.84 9.14 2.84
mass
moles at 9.14/228 = 2.84/70.9
3.84/299=.0128
equilibrium .0400 = .0401
equilibrium .0400/5.00 .0401/5.00
.0128/5.00=.00256
concentration = .00800 = .00801

K = (.00800)(.00801)/.00256 = .0250

↔
SbCl5 SbCl3 + Cl2

molecular
299 228 70.9
weights
mass 10.00
moles put in .0334
moles react x x x
moles at
.0334-x x x
equilibrium
equilibrium (.0334-
x/5.00 x/5.00
concentration x)/5.00

x2
25 x2 + .125 x - .00418 = 0; x = -.125 +/- (.0323)1/2 = .0275
.0250 = -------------
.0334-x [SbCl5] = .00118; [SbCl3] = .0055; [Cl2] = .0055
5

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