Andrea Ayola Marquez

Luis Fernando Escobar

APPROACHES TO DESIGN PROBLEMS.

Bombs exercise
Specify a suitable pump for the system in Figure 13.57,
it is a combined series-parallel system that operates as
follows.

 160 F water is drawn at a rate of 275 gal/min

from a tank until the suction line has a total
length of 10 FT.
 The 3 IN discharge line lifts water 15 FT to the
level of a heat exchanger. The discharge line
is 40 FT long.
 The flow is divided into two branches where
the main line is 3 IN feeding a large heat
exchanger that has a K factor of 12 based on
the velocity head recorded on the pipe.
In this branch the total length of the pipe is 8
FT.
 The 1 IN line is routed around the heat
exchanger with a total length of 30 FT.
 The two lines join on the right and discharge to
the atmosphere through a short 3 IN pipe.
 All pipes are made of schedule 40 steel.

Working conditions:
For this system, which will function under the desired  T=160F
operating conditions, determine the following. 3
ft
a) The pressure at the pump inlet.  Q =275 gal/min 0,6127
b) The NPSH available at the pump inlet. s
c) The pressure at point A before branching.  L= 10 ft
d) The speed of volume flow along the heat exchanger  D= 102mm 0.33 ft
line.
e) The speed of volume flow along the diversion line.
f) The total load on the pump. v∗D∗ρ 4∗Q∗ρ
g) The power supplied by the pump to the water. a) Re = =
μ π∗D∗μ

3
Then specify a suitable pump for this system that will 4∗62.4 lb ft
3
∗0,6127
deliver at least the desired flow of 275 gal/min . For the ft s
selected pump, determine the following. Re = =317637.761
lb
h) The actual flow rate that the pump is expected to π∗0.33 ft∗0.000465
produce at the point of operation. ft∗s
i) The input power to the pump.
j) The required NPSH. We obtained the diameters, losses through
k) Efficiency at the point of operation. accessories, liquid viscosity and pipe roughness from
the book Fluid Flow in Valves Accessories and Pipes
by Crane.
With these data and the Moody diagram, the
friction factor was obtained.
f =0.016 Segun diagrama de moody

Diameters Appendix B: table B-21.

Roughness: Chapter 4 Table A-40.
Viscosity: Chapter 2 Table A-6.
 8∗f ∗l∗Q
2
NPSH =
( 3192.92
lbf
ft
2
lbf
−680.328 2
ft )
+ 4.5 ft−0.39 ft −0.10
hf = 2 5 62.4 lbm ft
π ∗g∗( Ds ) 3
∗32.2 2
❑ ft s
8∗∑ K∗Q2
❑
h a=
π ∗g∗( Ds ) 4
2
c) From point “A” it branches through the
interchange (Section 3) and has a

( ) =0.39 ft
3 2
ft parallel (Section A).
8∗0.016∗10 ft∗ 0.6127
s  Section 1: Suction to the pump.
hf =  Section 2: Discharge to point
2 ft 5
π ∗32.2 2 ∗( 0.33 ft ) “A”.
s
 Section 3: Branch through the
interchange.
h a=8∗¿ ¿  Section 4: Parallel branching.

The discharge where section 3 and 4 join

gives the atmosphere will be called “B”.
2 2
P1 v1 Ps v0
+ + z 1−hf 1−s −ha1−s= + +z
ρ∗g 2∗g ρ∗g 2∗g s
1) Balance via exchanger.
2 2
Pa ( v a ) P B ( vb )
+ + z −h −h = + +z
 s pump suction.
ρ∗g 2∗g a fA 3 B aA 3 B ρ∗g 2∗g b
 1 liquid level in the tank (Surface)
 P1=0 (Manometrica)  Pb=0 (Manometric).
 v 1=Despreciable  z a=z b
Z 2=0  v a=v b (Same diameter).

Clearing Ps 2) Parallel balance.

( )
2 2 2
( vs ) Pa ( v a ) P B ( vb)
Ps =ρ∗g Z 1− −hf 1−s−h a1− s = + + z a−h fA 4 B−h aA 4 B = + + zb
2∗g ρ∗g 2∗g ρ∗g 2∗g

( ( )
)
3 2
ft lbf 2
8∗0.6127  Pb=0 (Manometric).
2
∗1 ft
62.4 lb ft s ft
Ps = 3
∗32.2 2 4.5 f −  zfta=z
−0.39 ft −0.10 =3192.92
b 2
=22.17 psi
ft s 2 ft 5 144 ¿
 v a=v b (Same diameter).
π ∗32.15 2 ∗( 0.33 ft )
s
1.1
❑
2
8∗f 3∗l 3∗( Q3 )8∗∑
( )
Ps ( v s )
2
Pv Pa
b) NPSH = + + Zs − =hfA 3 B + haA 3 B = 2 − 2❑
ρ∗g 2∗g ρ∗g ρ∗g π ∗g∗( D3 ) 5
π∗

2.1
2 2 ❑
P1 v1 Ps v2
+ + z 1−hf 1−s −ha1−s− + +z 2
8∗f 4∗l 4∗( Q4 ) 8∗∑ K 4
ρ∗g 2∗g ρ∗g 2∗g s Pa
=hfA 4 B +haA 4 B = 2 + 2❑
ρ∗g π ∗g∗( D4 )
5
π ∗g∗(
Negligible. 3
ft
Q1=Q2=Q3+Q 4=0,6127
s
( P s−P v )
NPSH = + z 1−hf 1− s−ha 1−s
ρ∗g ft
3
So: Q 4 =0,6127 −Q3
s
 1.1=2.1
❑ ❑
8∗∑ K∗( Q3 ) 8∗∑ K 4∗( Q 4 )
2 2
2 2
8∗f 3∗l3∗( Q3 ) ❑
8∗f 4∗l 4∗( Q 4 ) ❑
2 5
− 2 4
= 2 5
− 2 4
π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D4 ) π ∗g∗( D4 )

Replacing the equivalent ofQ 4 , we

have to:

( )− ( )
3 2 ❑ 3 2
❑
ft ft
2 8∗∑ K∗( Q3 )
2
8∗f 4∗l 4∗ 0,6127 −Q3 8∗∑ K 4∗ 0,6127 −Q3
8∗f 3∗l3∗( Q3 ) ❑
s ❑ s
2 5
− 2 4
= 2 5 2 4
π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D4 ) π ∗g∗( D4 )
 Activate the solver add-in (Click file, options,
So add-ins, manage, Excel add-ins, go, select
solver, accept)

( ) ( )
3 2 ❑ 3 2
❑
ft ft
2 8∗∑ K∗( Q3 )
2
8∗f 4∗L 4∗ 0,6127 −Q3 8∗∑ K 4∗ 0,6127 −Q3
8∗f 3∗L3∗( Q3 ) ❑
After
s this
 click on
❑ data. Solver option
s
2 5
− 2 4
− 2 5
+ 2 4
=0
π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D 4 ) π ∗g∗( D 4 )

To determine the value ofQ 3 We use the solver-excel

plugin.
Using the following data, beingQ 3 the value to be
determined.
Steps to solve in solver.
 We tabulate the data necessary for the
calculation.
 In the set objective option we select the cell
where we enter our equality.

 We enter an equal cell.

( )+ ( ) =0
3 2 ❑ 3 2
❑
ft ft
2 8∗∑ K∗( Q3 )
2
8∗f 4∗L 4∗ 0,6127 −Q3 8∗∑ K 4∗ 0,6127 −Q3
8∗f 3∗L3∗( Q3 ) ❑
s ❑ s
2 5
− 2 4
− 2 5 2 4
π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D3 ) π ∗g∗( D 4 ) π ∗g∗( D 4 )
 After this we select the variable that is going to
change so that equality is met, in this case it
will be Q3, adding the condition that Q3 is less
than Q1
  Click on solve.

To find D3, divide 3/12

 In this way equality was resolved.

We find K3 by multiplying 68* f3

We subtract Q1 - Q3 to get Q4

D4 is found by dividing 1/12

 2
PA va
hp= + + z −z + h + h + h +h
( ρ∗g ) 2∗g a 1 f 1− s fd− A a 1−s ad−

hp=
PA
( ρ∗g )
+ z a−z 1+ 2
8
∗
1
4[+
f s∗Ls f d∗Ld
π ∗g ( Da ) ( Ds )
5
+
( Dd )
5
+

lbf
670.92 2
ft 8∗¿
hp= +15 ft −4.5 ft + ∗
( )
62.4 lbm ft 2 ft
3
∗32.2 2 π ∗32.2 2
ft s s

g) Pwb =h p∗ρ∗g∗Q

K4 is the multiplication 360 * f4

ft∗62.4 lbm ft ft 3
Pwb =20.5 ∗32.2 2∗0.6127 =25198
ft
3
s s

P
In that same order of ideas h) Q=
ρ∗g∗L
3
ft
Q 4 =0,6127 −Q3 Where:
s
 P is the power of the pump.
3 3 3
ft ft ft  ρ density of the substance.
Q4 =0,6127 −0,5877 =0.024
s s s  g gravity.
 L is the discharge length.

We find the pressure at “A”. lbf ∗ft

25198.0 3
s ft
Q= =0.314

( )
❑
8∗∑ K∗( Q3 )2 62.4 lbm ft s
PA 8∗f 3∗l3∗( Q3 )
2
3
∗32.15 2
∗( 40 ft )
= + ❑ ft s
( ρ∗g ) 2
π ∗g∗( D3 )
5 2
π ∗g∗( D3 )
4

Yo)

( ( ) ( )
)(
3 2 3 2
ft P ft
8∗0.015∗8 ft∗ 0,5814 8∗0.132∗ 0,5814suministrada ∗100= 45.81 hp ∗100=88.09 hp
Pentra=
( ) )
62.4 lb ft s s52 62.4 lb 52 ft
PA= 3
∗32.2 2 ∗ + = 3
∗32.2 2 ∗0.33 ft=670.92
ft s 2 ft 5 2 ft 4 ft s
π ∗32.2 2 ∗( 0.25 ft ) π ∗32.2
j) 2 ∗( 0.25 ft )
s s 2
h∗V
NPSH req=
2∗g
f) A balance between 1 and A can be Where:
proposed.  h is the minimum height necessary at the
impeller inlet in m.
2
va V
2 2
P1 v1 PA is the kinetic pressure
+ + z 1−h f 1−s−h fd− A −ha 1−s−had− A = + + z2∗g
a+ h p
( ρ∗g ) 2∗g ( ρ∗g ) 2∗g corresponding to the speed of entry of
the liquid into the suction mouth.
 P1=0 (Manometric).

 v 1 despreciable
 ( )
32 2
ft
8∗0.6127
s
( 4 ft )∗
( )
2 2
8∗Q ft 4
( 4 ft )∗ 2 4
2
π ∗32.2 ∗( 0.25 ft )
π ∗g∗( D s ) s
2

NPSH req= = =0.365 ft

ft ft
2∗32.2 2
2∗32.2 2
s s
k)
P suministrad a 45.81hp
n= = =0.52=52 %
P entrada 88.09 hp

 We selected a 2x3-10 centrifugal pump at

3500 rpm, with an impeller diameter of 6 in.
(Source: Goulds Pumps, Inc., Seneca Falls, NY.)