Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Circuitos Tema2
Circuitos Tema2
2·π ·t 0
f ( ω ⋅ t ) = F m ⋅ sen ω ⋅ t +
T
1
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
ω = 2 ⋅π ⋅ f
Demostración:
2
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
T 2π
1 1
F ef = ⋅ ∫ f 2 (t ) ⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫F
2
⋅ sen 2 (ω ⋅ t ) ⋅ dt =
2 ⋅π
m
T 0 0
Fm2 Fm2 F
= ⋅ [( 2 ⋅ π - 0 ) - (1 - 1)] = ⋅ 2π = m
4 ⋅π 4 ⋅π 2
Fm
F ef =
2
i ( ω ⋅ t ) = 4 ⋅ 2 ⋅ senω ⋅ t
4⋅ 2
P = R ⋅ I ef = 16 W
2
I ef = = 4 A.
2
R= 1 Ω
3
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
f ( ω ⋅ t ) = F m ⋅ sen α
f ( ω ⋅ t ) = F m ⋅ sen ω ⋅ t
α
ω= ⇒ α = ω ⋅t
t
Por otra parte, las respuestas a una función senoidal son también
funciones senoidales de igual frecuencia y, por tanto, también podíamos
representarlas de igual forma.
4
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
r F
f ( ω ⋅ t ) = F m ⋅ sen ( ω ⋅ t + α ) ⇔ F = m | α
2
5
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
F = F 2R + F 2I F R = F ⋅ cos α
r
F = Fα = FR+ j⋅FI
α = arc tg F I F I = F ⋅ senα
FR
La suma de dos fasores es otro fasor cuya parte real será la suma de las
partes reales de los sumando e igual ocurrirá con la parte imaginaria:
r r
A = AR + j ⋅ AI ; B = B R + j ⋅ B I
r r r
C = A + B = ( AR + B R ) + j ( AI + B I )
C R = AR + B R
r
C = C R + j ⋅C I
C =
I AI + B I
6
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
Ejemplo: r r
A=5 30º
= 4.33 + j 2.5 y B = 25 90º
= j 25
r r r
C = A + B = ( 4.33 + 0 ) + j ⋅ ( 2.5 + 25 ) = 4.33 + j 27.5
r
A= A α
C= A⋅ B
r r
B= B β ⇒ C = Cγ
γ = α+β
×
r r r
C = A ⋅ B = A ⋅ B α +β
Ejemplo:
r r
A=5 30º
y B = 25 90º
r r r
C = A ⋅ B = 5 ⋅ 25 30º +90º = 125 120º
Ejemplo:
r 1 1
A = 5 30º ⇒ r = - 30º = 0.2 -30º
A 5
7
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
r *
A= A α = a + j⋅ b ⇒ A= A α
= a - j⋅ b
Ejemplo:
r *
A = 5 30º ⇒ A = 5 -30º
1 a- j ⋅b a- j ⋅b a b
= = 2 2 = 2 2 - j⋅ 2 2
a+ j ⋅ b ( a+ j ⋅ b ) ⋅ ( a - j ⋅ b ) a +b a +b a +b
Ejemplo:
r 1 1 4.33 − j 2.5
A=5 30º
= 4.33+ j 2.5 ⇒r = = =
A 4.33 + j 2.5 (4.33 + j 2.5)⋅ (4.33 − j 2.5)
4.33 − j 2.5 4.33 − j 2.5 4.33 − j 2.5
2
= = = 0.173 - j 0.1= 0.2 30º
18.75 - j10.82+ j10.82- j 6.25 18.75 + 6.25 25
1 = 1 0º = 1 360º = 1 −360º
j 2 = j ⋅ j = 1 90º ⋅1 90º = 1180º = −1
j = 1 90º ⇒
− j = − 1⋅ j = 1 ⋅1 = 1 = 1
180º 90º 270º -90º
− 1 = 1180º
8
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
Ejercicio:
9
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
- Su VALOR EFICAZ.
f ( t ) = Fm ⋅ sen (ω ⋅ t + α)
r Fm
F= α
2
10
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
di d ( I m ⋅ sen ω ⋅ t)
v= L⋅ v = L ⋅
dt dt
i = I m ⋅ sen ω ⋅ t v = I m ⋅ L ⋅ ω ⋅ cos ω ⋅ t
v = ω ⋅ L ⋅ I m ⋅ sen ( ω ⋅ t + π2 )
v = ω ⋅ L ⋅ I m ⋅ sen ( ω ⋅ t + π2 ) Vm
Vm ω ⋅ L ⋅ Im 2 =V
= = ω ⋅ L=
Im Im Im I
v = V m ⋅ sen ( ω ⋅ t + ϕ ) 2
11
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
d v d ( V m ⋅ sen ω ⋅ t )
i = C⋅ i = C⋅
d t dt
v = V m ⋅ sen ω ⋅ t i = Vm ⋅ C ⋅ ω ⋅ cos ω ⋅ t
i = ω ⋅ C ⋅ Vm ⋅ sen (ω ⋅ t + π2 )
12
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
r
XC= XC −90 º =1 −90 º ⋅ XC= 1 −180 º ⋅1 −90 º ⋅ XC=- j ⋅ XC
r 1
XC= - j⋅
ω ⋅C
R = Z ⋅ cos ϕ
Z = R2 + X 2
r
Z= Zϕ = R+ j ⋅ X
X
ϕ = arc tg X = Z ⋅ sen ϕ
R
13
CIRCUITOS ELÉCTRICOS CORRIENTE ALTERNA SENOIDAL
CUESTIONES
IR
14