The Research Environment:

Designs also differ as to whether they occur under actual environmental conditions (field conditions) or under staged or manipulated conditions ( laboratory conditions). To simulate is to replicate the essence of a system or process.Simulations are increasingly used in research,especially in OR.

Simulations in the Research Environment

The major characteristics of various conditions and relationships in actual situations are represented in mathematical models. Role-playing and other behavioral activities may be viewed as simulations.

Simulations in the Research Environment

A simulation for mind writer might involve an arbitrarily damaged laptop being tracked through the call center and the completecare program,monitoring results at each workstation. Another popularly used simulation is the retail service study involving mystery shoppers'.

Exploratory Studies

Exploration is particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems they will meet during the study. Through exploration researchers develop concepts more clearly,establish priorities,develop operational definitions and improve the final research design. Exploration may also save time & money.

Exploratory Studies

The area of investigation may be so new that a re-searcher needs to do an exploration just to learn something about the dilemma facing the manager. An exploration to discover if industry executives would divulge adequate information about their decision making on this topic was essential for the study's success.

Exploratory Studies

Despite its obvious value,researchers and managers alike give exploration less attention than it deserves.There are strong pressures for quick answers. Moreover,exploration is sometimes linked to old biases about qualitative research: subjectiveness,nonrepresentativeness and non-systematic design.More realistically,exploration saves time and money and should not be slighted.

WHAT IS RESEARCH DESIGN ?

Task of defining the research problem is the preparation of the research project, popularly known as the research design Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by what means concerning an inquiry or a research study constitute a research design. Meaning of research design: A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure.

Types of Research Design:

Sampling designs: Which deals with the methods of selecting items to be observed for the study. Observational design : Which relates to the condition under which the observation are to be create. Statistical design: Which concern the question of the of How the information and data gathered are to be analyzed ? Operational design : Which deals with techniques by which the procedures satisfied in sampling .

Different research design In case of Exploratory research study in case of descriptive and diagnostic research In case of hypothesis-testing research studies Research design in case of exploratory research design. exploratory research method are also termed as formulative research studied.

The main purpose is that of formulate the research problem . Three methods are 1) The survey of concerning literature 2)The experience survey 3) The analysis of inside-stimulating

Sources of data

You may be required to use primary sources for an assignment. This is common for history coursework but can occur for any subject. About primary sources:document or record containing first-hand information or original data on a topic

Primary sources

Primary sources are works created 1) at the time of an event, or 2)by a person who directly experienced an event.

Secondary data analysis:

The first step in an exploratory study ia a search of the secondary literature. Studies made by others for their own purposes represent secondary data. About secondary sources:Any published or unpublished work that is one step removed from the original source, usually describing, summarizing, analyzing, evaluating, derived from, or based on primary source materials..."

Secondary sources

Secondary sources are works that * are one step removed from the original event or experience * provide criticism or interpretation of a primary source