Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
INFORMACION DE APLICACION:
GEOMETRIA DEL BISEL: DIMENSIONES
PRECALENTA-
AMPERAJE (A)
TIPICAS:
VOLTAJE (V)
VELOCIDAD
MIENTO (ºC)
DE AVANCE
POSICION: SOLDADURA PLANA
CORDON
HORIZONTAL T = 19-25 mm
(mm/seg)
R = 3 mm
TEMP.
±5%
G = 3 mm
α = 30º
1 120 280-300 31.2-32 3.4
2 120 280-300 31.2-32 3.4
3 120 280-300 31.2-32 3.4
4 120 280-300 31.2-32 3.4
5 120 280-300 31.2-32 3.4
6 120 280-300 31.2-32 3.4
OBSERVACIONES: UBICACION DEL COMPONENTE EN LA TOLVA:
- Determine la posición óptima para el montaje de las orejas en función OREJA VOLTEO
de la información suministrada por Ingeniería y la correcta operación con A AMBOS LADOS
ambos puentes grúa.
- Limpie la zona donde será instalada la oreja, eliminando todo resto de
óxido, grasa, pintura u otros. Cuide de no afectar el metal base con
marcas de herramienta que pudiesen ser objetadas por el cliente.
- Proceda a soldar aplicando procedimiento.
- Mantenga presente siempre las medidas de seguridad indicadas para
este tipo de trabajo y el uso correcto de EPP.
Scope
This Material specification applies to 3 to 100 mm thick plates of the wear-resistant special structural steel XAR 450.
Application
The steel may be used at the discretion of the purchaser for wear exposed structures, e.g. excavating, mining and earth
moving machinery, truck dump bodies, conveying, crushing and pulverizing equipment, scrap presses and paving moulds.
The processing and application techniques as a whole are of fundamental importance for the successful use of the products
fabricated of this steel. The processor/fabricator must assure himself, that his design and work methods are appropriate for
the material, are state-of-the-art and are suitable for the envisaged purpose.
The selection of the material is left up to the purchaser.
C Si Mn P S Cu Cr Mo B
The steel has a fine-grained microstructure. Nitrogen is absorbed to form nitrides by means of Al and, where applicable, Nb
or Ti.
Delivery condition: quenched or quenched and tempered (see paragraph "Heat treatment").
Hardness at room temperature in the delivery condition: 410 - 490 HB (For plates with > 60 mm in thickness the
hardness in the core of the plate may be up to 40 HB lower
than at the surface)
_____________________
*)
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
Material specification 710, January 2002, Page 1 of 3
Tk Stahl
A company of ThyssenKrupp Steel
TKS Material specifications
Number of tests
Unless otherwise agreed upon in the order, the Brinell hardness shall be determined from each heat. The hardness shall be
measured roughly 1 mm below the surface.
Prior to any processing, it is advisable to make use of the information available from the steel producer in order to draw on
that experience for the processing. The following information can deal with only a few essential points. The
recommendations given in Stahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblatt 088 (Weldable fine grained structural steels, guidelines for processing,
in particular for welding) correspondingly apply to this steel as well.
Recommendations for welding are also given in EN 1011 part 1 and part 2 - Welding, Recommendation for welding of
metallic materials -.
It is left to the discretion of the processor/fabricator to decide which of the familiar precautions must be adopted to avoid
cracking during thermal cutting and welding under the prevailing construction and fabrication conditions.
Cold forming
The products made of this steel are suitable for cold bending provided, that consideration is given to the high hardness. The
formability of steel decreases with increasing hardness. This has to be kept in mind when forming. The forming must take
place at a slow and steady rate, the cut edges must be deburred and the plates heated, if necessary, prior to the forming. A
final stress-relieving is not necessary for this steel.
Machinability
In spite of its high wear resistance, the steel exhibits good machinability if sufficiently heavy machine tools and sharp
carbide tipped tools are used. The feed rate and cutting speed have to be adjusted to the high hardness of the material.
Heat treatment
Plates of the XAR 450 grade receive the required properties as a result of austenitizing and follow-on quenching in special
facilities and, where applicable, tempering below Ac1. Direct quenching after hot rolling is considered equivalent to
conventional quenching. The heat treatment depends on the chemical composition and the product thickness. To avoid
hardness losses, the steel must not be heated above 250 °C.
Thermal cutting
Preferably the flame cutting process is used. For small product thicknesses, however, the plasma cutting process is used in
the interest of minimum distortion.
Preheating is not normally necessary when flame cutting thicknesses up to around 20 mm. However, if the workpiece
temperature is below +5 °C, or the cut edges are to be cold formed in the course of further processing, preheating to about
150 °C should be considered in the interest of cold cracking resistance.
Welding
If due consideration is given to the general rules for welding, this steel is weldable both manually and automatically. To
prevent cold cracking in the welded joints only welding consumables giving welds of very low hydrogen content should be
used.
Preheating is not generally necessary for welding with austenitic filler metals.
Tk Stahl
A company of ThyssenKrupp Steel
TKS Material specifications
General information
Unless otherwise agreed upon in the order, the delivery will be governed by the conditions outlined in EN 10021.
The admissible tolerances are based on EN 10051 for plates cut from hot strip and EN 10029 for four-high mill plates,
unless other terms have been agreed upon.
The plates will be supplied with a maximum flatness tolerance according to EN 10029, table 4, steel type H.
Smaller flatness tolerances can be agreed upon at the time of ordering.
For surface quality requirements EN 10163 is applicable.
As per special agreement it is possible to supply plates descaled or descaled and primed.
Publisher`s addresses
Tk Stahl
A company of ThyssenKrupp Steel
DATA SHEET: Version 2010-02-01
Hardox 450
Page. 1 (2)
Hardox 450 is an abrasion resistant plate with a hardness of 450 HBW, intended for applications where demands are imposed on abrasion
resistance in combination with good cold bending properties. Hardox 450 offers very good weldability.
Applications Dumper bodies, containers, crushers, sievers, feeders, measuring pockets, skips, cutting edges, conveyors,
buckets, knives, gears, sprockets, etc.
Mn Cu + Ni
CEV = C + + Cr + Mo + V +
6 5 15
Mn + Mo Cr + Cu Ni
CET = C + + +
10 20 40
Hardness HBW
425-475
Testing Brinell hardness, HBW according to EN ISO 6506-1, on a milled surface 0,5-3 mm below plate surface per
heat and 40 tons. Tests are made for every variation of 15 mm in the thickness of plates from the same
heat.
Delivery Conditions Q.
www.hardox.com
DATA SHEET: Version 2010-02-01
Hardox 450
Page. 2 (2)
Dimensions Hardox 450 is supplied in plate thicknesses of 3*)-80 mm. More detailed information on dimensions is
provided in our bruchure 41-General product information Weldox, Hardox, Armox and Toolox-UK.
*)
Plate thickness below 4 mm only after special agreement.
Tolerances Thickness tolerances according to SSAB Oxelösund thickness precision guarante AccuRollTech TM.
- AccuRollTech TM meets then requirements of EN 10 029 Class A, but offers more narrow tolerances.
More detailed information is given in our brochure 41-General product information Weldox, Hardox, Armox and
Toolox-UK.
According to EN 10 029.
- Tolerances on shape, length and width.
- Tolerances on flatness according to Class N (Normal tolerances).
General Technical According to our brochure 41-General product information Weldox, Hardox, Armox and Toolox - UK.
Delivery Requirement
Heat Treatment Hardox 450 has obtained its mechanical properties by quenching and when necessary by means of
and Fabrication subsequent tempering. The properties of the delivery condition can not be retained
after exposure to service or preheating temperatures in excess of 250oC (480 F).
Hardox 450 is not intended for further heat treatment
For information concerning welding and fabrication, see our brochures on www.hardox.com or consult our
Technical Customer Service.
Appropriate health and saftey precautions must be taken when welding, cutting, grinding or otherwise
working on the product. Grinding, especially of primer coated plates, may produce dust with high particle
concentration. Our Technical Customer Service Department will provide further information on request.
www.hardox.com
81Ni2-V
• Alambre tubular toda posición
• Protección gaseosa, Indurmig 20 o 100% CO2
Clasificaciones:
Protección C Mn Si P S Ni
Indurmig 0.046 0.86 0.35 0.009 0.017 2.45
100% CO2 0.045 0.80 0.33 0.007 0.015 2.20
Clasificaciones:
Secado
Reacondicionar a 350 °C x 1 hora, mantener electrodos en estufas (≈ 100 °C).
Clasificaciones:
C Mn Si P S Cr Ni Mo V
0.08 1.12 0.47 0.012 0.01 0.02 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01
Diámetro, mm (plg) 2.4 (3/32) 3.2 (1/8) 4.0 (5/32) 4.8 (3/16) 6.4 (1/4)
Longitud, mm (plg) 300 (12) 350 (14) 350 (14) 350 (14) 350 (14)
Int.. de Corr., A 60- 110 100 - 160 130 - 210 190 - 280 270 - 400
Veloc. depósito, Kg/h* 0.73 1.20 1.65 2.22 4.12
Nª elec/Kg. M.D.* 100 46 32 22 9
Nº elect/Kg 55 28 20 14 7
* Datos obtenidos en el 90% de la máxima intensidad de corriente
Secado
Reacondicionar a 250 °C x 2 horas, mantener electrodos en estufas (≈ 100 °C)
Dióxido de Carbono
CO2 Gris
Descripción • Debe usarse un regulador especial que puede ser del tipo
calefaccionado eléctricamente, para evitar la solidificación
El Dióxido de Carbono, en condiciones normales, es un del CO2 al expandirse el gas cuando el consumo es alto.
gas incoloro e inodoro, con sabor ligeramente picante, exis-
tente en la atmósfera en baja concentración, entre 0,03 y • El CO2 es más pesado que el aire, (53%) por lo que pue-
0,06% en volumen. de acumularse en áreas bajas o cerradas. Deben obser-
varse precauciones de ventila-ción adecuada en lugares
Su punto triple (donde coexisten los estados sólido, líquido en que se use o alma-cene, puesto que desplaza el Aire
y gas) se produce a -56,57°C y 5,185 bara (75,2 psia). Bajo y actúa sobre los centros respiratorios.
esa presión el CO2 sublima, es decir pasa directamente de • En los cilindros equipados con sifón el CO2 sale líquido.
sólido a gas sin pasar por la fase líquida, que es lo que Con excepción de los extintores de incendio, estos cilin-
sucede a presión normal (1 atm.) y a -78,5°C. El Dióxido de dros deben identificarse con la pa-labra ”SIFON”, y con
Carbono sólido es comúnmente conocido como «hielo seco». ellos no se debe usar regu-lador de presión.
A presiones mayores de 5,185 bara (4,172 barr) y tempe-
raturas menores de 31,06°C (punto crítico), el Dióxido de Materiales
Carbono se presenta en forma líquida y gaseosa simultá- El Dióxido de Carbono forma Acido Carbónico en presen-
neamente, fases que coexisten en equilibrio en un conte- cia de humedad. Por este motivo las instalaciones que van
nedor cerrado. a usarse con CO2 deben someterse al siguiente procedi-
miento de secado:
Uso industrial
• Calentamiento a 120°C por a lo menos 30 minutos.
El CO2 se utiliza profusamente en la creación de atmósfe-
• Aplicación de vacío (P<10-2 mm Hg.). El vacío es preferi-
ras protectoras para Soldaduras al arco y MIG. En las fun-
ble al barrido con gas seco.
diciones se utiliza como agente endurecedor de moldes de
arena. El CO2 seco es compatible con todos los metales y alea-
ciones de uso común. El CO2 húmedo es corrosivo y debe
En la industria de alimentos tiene importantes aplicaciones: usarse con Acero Inoxidable tipo 316, 309 o 310, Hastelloy®
• Carbonatación de bebidas, aguas minerales, etc. A, B o C, o Monel®.
• Protección de vinos, cervezas y jugos de frutas contra la Grado Alimento.
oxidación por contacto con aire.
• Anestésico antes de la matanza de animales. Gas certificado bajo la norma ISO 9002 y Sistema HACCP
(Análisis de Riesgos y Control de Puntos Críticos).
• En congelación.
Producto fabricado de acuerdo a las necesidades y a las
También se usa CO2 en extinguidores de incendio.
exigencias, cada vez mayores, del Mercado Alimenticio.
Uso médico (Ver página 63) Ventajas:
• Gas libre de contaminación física, química y
Principales precauciones en manejo y microbiológica.
almacenamiento
• Gas de alta pureza
• Nunca manejar Dióxido de Carbono a alta presión sin • Producto con estándares de calidad internacional.
saber manipular correctamente los cilindros, válvulas,
reguladores, etc. (Ver tema Equipos).
• No debe permitirse que los cilindros de CO2 alcancen
una temperatura mayor de 55°C en el lugar de almace-
namiento. No dejar al sol.
14
FICHA TECNICA
Propiedades Físicas
Peso molecular 44,01 g/mol Pto. de sublimación (1 atm.) -78,5 °C
Densidad del sólido (1 atm.) 1562 kg/m3 Presión crítica 73,825 bara
Densidad del gas (15°C, 1 atm.) 1,87 kg/m3 Temperatura crítica 31,06 °C
Densidad del gas (0°C, 1 atm.) 1,977 kg/m3 Gravedad esp. (0°C, 1 atm.) 1,529
Pureza
(Ver pág. 33) Grado Pureza % Pto. rocío °C
CGA INDURA mín. CGA INDURA mín. CGA
Envases Usuales
CILINDROS Contenido Presión de llenado a 15°C
Tamaño Especificación Volumen Peso
DOT m3 kg. barr psig
Conexión de salida de la válvula: CGA 320 hilo 20.95 - 14 NGO - Ext. Der.
Factores de Conversión
CO2 Peso Volumen gas
15