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- concise - accurate - descriptive - self-explanatory The phrase A Study to Show should be avoided, because in research you do not seek to prove something, but rather to impartially find an answer. B. ABSTRACT - short paragraph of not more than 200 to 250 words - gives the essential or principal features of the project study - descriptive - informative C. INTRODUCTION This section includes the following parts: a. Background of the Study - presents the reasons that led the investigator to launch the study - a historical background maybe given - may state some observations & other relevant conditions that prompted the investigator to explore the problem Some guide questions while writing this part of the paper: - Why did I select this research project? - Are there others who have done similar studies? - What have the others done or not done that moved or spurred me to work on this problem? - What are my own observations which are relevant to the study? - Will the results of the study make any contribution in the attainment of a better quality of life? b. Statement of the Problem/Objectives - the nature & scope of the problem should be presented with clarity Two Types of Objectives maybe stated: 1. General Objective this is related to the problem as given in the early part 2. Specific Objective this states the purpose of each experiment conducted c. Significance of the Study - the importance of the study is explained in this part d. Scope and Limitations - states the coverage and extent of the study Example: from The Effect of Christmas Palm (Veitchia merrilli) Fruits in Lowering Blood Sugar Level ( Coverage) The researchers brought a 2-month old puppy in the MCA clinic (Marlito C. Aruta) for blood analysis. They used the fruits of Christmas palm collected from North Poblacion, Naga, Cebu. (Limitation) The study does not cover the idea of what would be the effect of the product in the case of diabetes. The study focuses on the effect of the product to the sugar level and if it could be a possible cure to lower the level of blood sugar
e. Review of Related Literature - Sufficient background information should be presented for readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study and theories written on the topic should be included.
D. Methodology
- provides enough details so that a competent worker can repeat the experiments. a. Materials/Equipments -the exact technical specifications, quantities and source of method of preparation for all materials used should be given. Specifically, built equipment used in the study must be described and the description accompanied by a picture. b. Treatment/General Procedure - the manner and sequence by which each experiment or set of observations were done or how measurement were obtained should be described in detail.
F. Conclusions
- the general truth implied or illustrated by the results should be clearly stated. The evidence based on the results should be summarized for each statement.
G. Recommendations
- consists of suggestions on future actions such as a new direction of research or further experiments to be performed, practices that might be adapted or discarded in order to attain certain goals or objectives.
H. Bibliography a list of the references used in guiding the research work and writing the paper. Research Paper The research paper should contain the following: a.Problem/s b.Objectives c.Method & Procedures (described in detail) d.Results e.Conclusions & Recommendations f.Bibliography ( at least 3 major references ETHICS STATEMENT Scientific fraud and misconduct are not condoned at any level of research or competition. Plagiarism, use or presentation of other researchers work as ones own, forgery of approval signatures and fabrication or falsification of data or approval dates will not be tolerated. Fraudulent projects are disqualified for the competition.
e. Is there available scientific literature in the selected field? f. Are there other approaches or theories concerning the project? g. How long did it take to finish the project? h. Has the investigator emphasized important details? i. Did the investigator compare and contrast the results obtained? j. Have controls been used? 4. Clarity of Presentation a.Is the problem stated clearly? b.How sufficient are the data presented? c.How clearly is the project discussed? d.How was the oral defense of the project during the Science Congress? B. The project contributes to the advancement of Science and Technology. 1. Applicability of Scientific Principles 20% a. Does the project utilize any scientific principle? b. How often are the scientific principles used? c. Is there already an existing device of the same kind that is used by the investigators? If there is, was it a modification or an exact duplicate? Recipe for success: study while others sleeping; work while others are loafing; prepare while others are playing; dream while others are wishing. -William A. Ward-