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扬哥武汉大学2009 2018真题汇总
扬哥武汉大学2009 2018真题汇总
扬哥武汉大学2009 2018真题汇总
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2018 c 4 8F
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1. ÉÇŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 5 K, z K 8 ©, 40 ©)
1.
1 1 1
lim + + ··· + ;
n→∞ 1+2 1+2+3 1 + 2 + ··· + n
2. Rx
0
(x − t) sin t2 dt
lim Rx ;
x→0 x 0 sin t2 dt
3. Z x
1 sin t
F (x) = dt,
x 0 t
(4) (9)
¦F (0), F (0);
∂z ∂z ∂ 2 z ∂ 2 z
4. xyzex+y+z = 1, ¦ , , , ;
∂x ∂y ∂x2 ∂x∂y
5. ¦È©
x3
ZZ
ln dxdy,
y
D
Ù¥ D ´d y = x, y = 1, x = 2 Œ¤ n /.
! ( K 12 ©)
{Oα } ´k.4«m [a, b] ˜‡mCX.
1. y²: ∃δ > 0, ∀x1 , x2 ∈ [a, b], •‡ |x1 − x2 | < δ, Ò•3 O ∈ {Oα }, ¦ x1 , x2 ∈ O;
2. Þ~`²: m«m mCXŒUvkù‡5Ÿ.
n! ( K 12 ©)
f (x) 3 (0, a) þŒ‡, … f (a − 0) = +∞, ¦y: f 0 (x) 3 x = a mýÃþ..
o! ( K 14 ©)
D : x2 + y 2 6 y, x > 0, f ëY,
ZZ
p
2 2
8
f (x, y) = 1 − x − y − f (x, y)dδ.
π
D
¦ f (x, y).
Ê! ( K 14 ©)
f (x) ´ {(x, y)|x2 + y 2 6 1} þ gëYŒ‡¼ê, …÷v
∂2f ∂2f
+ = (x2 + y 2 )2 ,
∂x2 ∂y 2
Á¦È© !
ZZ
x ∂f y ∂f
p +p dxdy.
2
x +y 2 ∂x x + y ∂y
2 2
x2 +y 2 61
4
8! ( K 14 ©)
lim an = +∞, y²:
n→∞
n
1X
lim ak = +∞.
n→∞ n
k=1
Ô! ( K 14 ©)
¼ê
1
(x2 + y 2 ) sin p
, x2 + y 2 6= 0;
x 2 + y2
f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2 = 0.
0,
l! ( K 15 ©)
z(x, y) ëY Œ‡, 釩•§
ŠCþ“† u = xy, v = x − y.
1. ¦“† •§;
2. •ÑCþ“†” :8, ¿`²” nd, “†3” :8þ¬ )Ÿoy–.
Ê! ( K 15 ©)
∞
1 3
X
un (x) = ln(1 + n x), n = 1, 2, · · · , P S(x) = un (x).
n3 n=1
∞
X
1. ¦y: un (x) 3k.«m [0, b] þ´˜—Âñ , 3 (0, +∞) þØ´˜—Âñ ;
n=1
2. ?Ø S(x) Œ‡5.
5
2. ÉÇŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 5 K, z K 10 ©, 50 ©)
1. OŽ4•:
1
ln(1 + x) x − 1
lim ;
x→0 x
2. OŽ4•: !
1 2 n
2n 2n 2n
lim + + ··· + ;
n→∞ n + 11 n + 12 n + n1
3. OŽØ½È©: Z
dx
1 + tan x
;
4. OŽ F 0 (α), Ù¥:
Z eα Z x+3α
F (α) = dx cos(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dy;
0 x−2α
5. OŽn-È© ZZZ
ex y 2 z 3 dxdydz.
V
! ( K 14 ©)
√ √
a > 0, x1 = a, xn+1 = a + xn , n = 1, 2, · · · . y²: {xn } Âñ, ¿¦ lim xn .
n→+∞
n! ( K 14 ©)
Z 1
2
f (x) 3«m [0, 2] þŒ‡, … f (2) = xf (x)dx, ¦y: •3 ξ ∈ (0, 2), ¦ f (ξ) + ξf 0 (ξ) = 0.
0
o! ( K 14 ©)
v = v(x, y) këY ˜ ê, u(x, y) = xv + yϕ(v) + φ(v), Ù¥ ϕ, φ Œ‡, … x + yϕ0 (v) + φ0 (v) = 0.
y²: 2
∂2u ∂2u ∂2u
· − = 0.
∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y
Ê! ( K 14 ©)
p
¦-¡ x2 + y 2 = az Ú z = 2a − x2 + y 2 (a > 0) ¤ŒáN L¡È.
8! ( K 14 ©)
¦y: ?ê
∞
X ln(1 + nx)
,
n=1
nxn
6
Ô! ( K 14 ©)
Z +∞
2
f (y) = e−x cos xydx.
0
1. ¦ f (y) ½Â•;
2. ¦y f (y) k?¿ ëY ê;
3. ¦ f (y).
l! ( K 14 ©)
Σ•
z (x − 3)2 (y − 2)2
1− = + (z > 0),
5 16 9
þý, ¦y: ZZ
xdydz + ydzdx + zdxdy
p = 2π.
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )3
Σ
Ê! ( K 12 ©)
√
1. y²: f (x) = x 3 (0, +∞) þ˜—ëY;
√
2. ?Ø f (x) = x 3 (0, +∞) þ´Ä Lipschitz ëY, =•3~ê L > 0, ¦
7
3. ÉÇŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 5 K, z K 10 ©, 50 ©)
1. OŽ4•: √
n
n!
lim (α > 0);
n→∞ nα
2. OŽ4•: √
1 − cos tan x − sin x
√
lim √ ;
x→+∞ 3 1 + x3 − 3 1 − x3
3. OŽØ½È©:
√
Z
1 + cos xdx;
5. OŽ -È© ZZ
|x − y 2 |dxdy.
D
! ( K 12 ©)
®• f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, 3 (a, b) SŒ‡, … g 0 (x) 3 (a, b) þÃ":, y²: ∃ξ ∈ (a, b), ¦ :
n! ( K 14 ©)
®•ê {an } šKüN4O, … lim bn = b, y²:
n→∞
a1 bn + a2 bn−1 + · · · + an b1
lim = b.
n→∞ a1 + a2 + · · · + an
o! ( K 14 ©)
®• f (x) • [−π, π] þ à¼ê, f 0 (x) k., y²:
1. Z π
1
a2n = f (x) cos 2nxdx > 0;
π −π
2. Z π
1
a2n+1 = f (x) cos 2(n + 1)xdx 6 0.
π −π
Ê! ( K 16 ©)
®• un (x), n = 1, 2, · · · Ñ3 R þ˜—Âñ,
∞
X
1. e un (x) ˜—Âñu S(x), y² S(x) 3 R þ˜—ëY;
n=1
8
∞
X
2. e un (x) 3 R þÅ:Âñu S(x), þã(شĤá.
n=1
8! ( K 14 ©)
®• f (x, y) ½Â3 [a, b] × (c, d] þ, …3 y = c NCÃ..
Z d
1. Qã¹ëCþ‡~È© f (x, y)dy ˜—Âñ ½Â† Cauchy OK;
c
Z d Z d
2. e |f (x, y)|dy 3«m [a, b] þ˜—Âñ, … g(x, y) 3 [a, b] × [c, d] þëY, y²: f (x, y)g(x, y)dy
c c
3 [a, b] þ˜—Âñ.
Ô! ( K 16 ©)
®• f (u) k ëY ê,
x y
z z
g(x, y, z) = f ∓f ∓z f + .
z z x y
1. ¦
∂2g ∂2g ∂2g
x2 2
+ y2 2 − z2 2 ;
∂x ∂y ∂z
2. OŽn-È©
∂2g ∂2g ∂2g
ZZZ
x2 2
+ y2 2 − z2 2 dxdydz.
∂x ∂y ∂z
Ω
l! ( K 14 ©)
®•«• D : {(x, y)|x2 + y 2 6 1}, u(x, y) 3 D þëY, … ∇u = cos(π(x2 + y 2 )), ¦y:
ZZ
∂u ∂u 1
x +y dxdy = .
D ∂x ∂y π
9
4. ÉÇŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 5 K, z K 8 ©, 40 ©)
1. OŽ4•:
1 1 1
lim 1 − 1− ··· 1 − ;
n→∞ 1+3 1+3+5 1 + 3 + · · · + (2n + 1)
2. Z x
1
lim (x − t) sin(t2 )dt;
x→0 x4 0
3. Z x
1
F (x) = cos(t2 )dt;
x 0
v
u n
uX
lim t
n
ank .
n→∞
k=1
n! ( K 12 ©)
f (x) 3k•«mþ (a, b) þŒ‡, …Ã.. ¦y: f 0 (x) 3 (a, b) þ•˜½Ã..
o! ( K 14 ©)
f (x) † g(x) 3 (a, b) þëY, …Ó•üNØ~ (½Ó•üNØO)¼ê, y²:
Z b Z b Z b
(b − a) f (x)g(x)dx > f (x)dx · g(x)dx.
a a a
Ê! ( K 14 ©)
¼ê
2
x y , x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x + y 2
2
x2 + y 2 = 0.
0,
?Ø:
1. fx (0, 0), fy (0, 0) ´Ä•3;
2. fx (0, 0), fy (0, 0) 3 (0, 0) :?´ÄëY;
3. f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) ?´ÄŒ‡.
8! ( K 14 ©)
xz p p p p
= u, x2 + y 2 + y 2 + z 2 = v, x2 + y 2 − y 2 + z 2 = w.
y
10
´n‡©O± u, v, w •ëê üëê-¡x.
y²: LÓ˜: n-¡x n‡-¡´üü .
Ô! ( K 14 ©)
f : R → R këY ê, … f 0 (x0 ) 6= 0. ²: ‹IC†
u = f (x);
v = xf (x) − y.
l! ( K 15 ©)
Ω ⊂ R3 ´k.«•, Ù>. ∂Ω ´1w-¡, ¼ê3 Ω þëY, 3 Ω Sk ëY ê, …÷v
∆u ≡ uxx + uyy + uzz = λu, (x, y, z) ∈ Ω;
u(x, y, z) = 0, (x, y, z) ∈ ∂Ω.
Ê! ( K 15 ©)
1
u(x, y) = ln(1 + y 3 x),
y3
P Z +∞
S(x) = u(x, y)dy.
1
1. ¦ S(x) ½Â•;
2. ¦y: S(x) 3k.«m [0, b] þ´˜—Âñ , 3 (0, +∞) þØ´˜—Âñ ;
3. ?Ø S(x) Œ‡5.
11
5. ÉÇŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 5 K, z K 8 ©, 40 ©)
1. ¦ √
n
1+x−1
lim ,
x→0 ln(1 + x)
Ù¥ n ´ ê;
2. ¦ √
x ln x + 1 + x2
Z
dx;
(1 + x2 )2
3. ¦ Z π/2 √
1 − 2 sin 2xdx;
0
4. y = arcsin x, ¦ y n (0);
5.
n
1 Xp
Sn = (nx + k)(nx + k − 1),
n2
k=1
Ù¥ x > 0, ¦ lim Sn .
n→∞
! ( K 12 ©)
√ √
a > 0, x1 = a, xn+1 = axn , n ∈ N+ . y²: {xn } Âñ, ¿¦ lim xn .
n→∞
n! ( K 12 ©)
y²: ‡~È© Z +∞
dx
,
0 (1 + x)2 (1 + xα )
† α Ã', ¿¦ÙŠ.
o! ( K 12 ©)
¼ê f (x) 3 [0, 2] þëY, … f (0) = f (2), y²: •3 ξ ∈ [0, 1], ¦ f (ξ) = f (ξ + 1).
Ê! ( K 14 ©)
®•¼ê z = z(x, y) ëYŒ‡, ÷v ‡©•§
- u = xy, v = x − y, ¦y:
∂2z 1 ∂z
+ 2 = 0.
∂u2 v + 4u ∂u
8! ( K 14 ©)
D : 0 6 x 6 1, 0 6 y 6 1.
1. OŽÈ© ZZ
1
A= xy −
4
dxdy;
D
12
2. z = f (x, y) 3 D þëY, ¿÷v
ZZ ZZ
f (x, y)dxdy = 0, xyf (x, y)dxdy = 1.
D D
1
¦y: ∃(x∗ , y ∗ ) ∈ D ¦ |f (x∗ , y ∗ )| > .
A
Ô! ( K 15 ©)
¦-¡
x2 y2 z2
+ + = 1,
a2 b2 c2
ƒ²¡ π, ¦ §31˜%• Ü©†n‡‹I²¡¤Œ o¡N NÈ• , ¿¦ù‡• NÈ.
l! ( K 15 ©)
Z +∞
2
f (y) = xe−x cos xydx, −∞ < y < +∞.
0
1. ¦y f (y) k?¿ ëY ê;
2. ¦ f (y) ðŽN ?ê.
Ê! ( K 15 ©)
¦1˜a-¡È©
− 12
x2 y2 z2
ZZ
2 2
3
2 −2
I= x +y +z + + dS.
a4 b4 c4
Σ
x2 y2 z2
Ù¥ Σ •ý¥¡: + + = 1 (a, b, c > 0).
a2 b2 c2
13
6. ÉÇŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 5 K, z K 12 ©, 60 ©)
1. ¦È© Z 1
(x ln x)n dx;
0
2. ¦4•
∞
X
lim (1 − x)3 n2 xn ;
x→1−
n=1
3. ¦4• n
1
lim n 1+ −e
x→∞ n
4. ¦Ø½È© Z
1 + sin x −x
e dx;
1 − cos x
Z
5. ¦ xyds, Ù¥ c ´ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9 † x + y + z = 0 ‚.
c
! ( K 12 ©)
f (x) 3 [−1, 1] þk ëY ê, … f (0) = 0, y²: •3 ξ ∈ [−1, 1], ¦
Z 1
00
f (ξ) = 3 f (x)dx.
−1
n! ( K 12 ©)
1 2 n
xn = f +f + ··· + f ,
n2 n2 n2
f (x) 3":NCŒ‡, … f (0) = 0, f 0 (0) = 1, y² {xn } •3, ¿¦ xn 4•.
o! ( K 12 ©)
z 'u x, y ¼ê, ^
u = x + 2y;
v = x + ay.
C†
∂2z ∂2z ∂2z
2 2
+ − 2 = 0,
∂x ∂x∂y ∂y
C†•
∂2z
= 0,
∂u∂v
¦ a.
Ê! ( K 14 ©)
14
ý 3x2 + y 2 = 1 7 y ^= Ω, (u, v, w) ´ Ω ¥¡þ {•þ ••{u, Σ • Ω þŒÜ©, •••
þ, OŽ ZZ
z(xu + yv + 2wz)dS.
Σ
8! ( K 14 ©)
+∞
1 − e−αx
Z
I= dx, α > −1.
0 xex
1. y² I 3 α > −1 þÂñ;
2. OŽ I Š.
Ô! ( K 15 ©)
k¼ê‘?ê
+∞
X nn+2
,
n=1
(1 + nx)n
15
7. ÉÇŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 20 ©)
1. ¦4•
(xn − 1)(xn−1 − 1) · · · (xn−k+1 − 1)
lim ;
x→1 (x1 − 1)(x2 − 1) · · · (xk − 1)
2. ¦4• √ √
n
cos αx − m cos βx
lim ,
x→0 sin2 x
Ù¥ m, n • ê;
3. ¦4• !
n
r
X k2
lim 1+ 3 −1 ;
n→∞ n
k=1
1
4. 0 < xn 6 xn+1 + , ?Ø4• lim xn •35.
n2 n→∞
! ( K 20 ©)
‰½-¡
F ((x − a)(x − c)−1 , (y − b)(y − c)−1 ) = 0 ( a, b, c•~ê)
n! ( K 20 ©)
an > 0,
an
lim n − 1 = λ > 0.
n→∞ an+1
∞
X
y²: (−1)n−1 an Âñ.
n=1
o! ( K 15 ©)
¦4• Z tZ t
ex − ey
lim e−t dxdy .
t→+∞ 0 0 x−y
½y²d4•Ø•3.
Ê! ( K 30 ©)
1. ¦È© ZZ
| cos(x + y)|dxdy.
D
Ù¥ D : 0 6 x 6 π, 0 6 y 6 π.
Z 1 Z 1
2. 0 < α < 1, ¦È© f (tα )dt þ(., Ù¥ëY¼ê f ÷v: |f (t)|dt 6 1.
0 0
16
8! ( K 25 ©)
Z +∞
cos xt
f (t) = dx.
1 1 + x2
y²:
1. È©33 (−∞, +∞) þ˜—Âñ;
2. lim f (t) = 0;
t→∞
3. f (t) 3 (−∞, +∞) þ˜—Âñ;
Z π
4. f (t) sin tdt 6 0;
0
5. ∃ξ ∈ [0, π], ¦ f (ξ) = 0.
17
8. ÉÇŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK
1. ¦4• √ √
n
cos αx − m cos βx
lim ;
x→0 sin2 x
2. ¦4•
n
k2
X
lim e n3 − 1 ;
n→∞
k=1
√ √
3. a > 0, x1 = a, xn+1 = axn (n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ), ¦ lim xn .
n→∞
dy
! ®• y = f (x, t), Ù¥ t ´d•§ F (x, y, t) = 0 (½ Û¼ê, ¦ .
dx
n! ®• f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þkšK ¼ê.
1. y²:
f (x) − f (x − h) f (x + h) − f (x)
6 f 0 (x) 6 , 0 < h < x.
h h
1
o! f (x) 3 [0, 1] þk ëY ê, f (0) = f (1) = 0, min f (x) = − ,¦y: max f 00 (x) > 1.
x∈[0,1] 8 x∈(0,1)
Ê! 1. OŽ ZZ
|x2 + y 2 − 2y|dxdy,
D
2 2
Ù¥: D = {(x, y)|x + y 6 4};
2. ˜‡†´»Ã' 1 .-‚È©;
3. ¦ ZZ
xdydz + ydzdx + zdxdy
p ,
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )3
Σ
Ù¥ Σ ´
(x − 1)2 (y − 1)2
1−z = +
4 9
þŒÜ© þý.
∂2u ∂2u
+ 2 = 0,
∂x2 ∂y
Z
∂u
3 Ω S??¤á …= ds = 0 é?¿ B ⊆ Ω Ñ¤á.
∂→
−
n
∂B
18
9. ÉÇŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! OŽK( K 30 ©, z K 10 ©)
1. OŽ4•
(n+1)2
X 1
lim √ ;
n→∞ k
k=n2
2. OŽ4• Rπ
0
sinn x cos6 xdx
lim Rπ n ;
n→∞
0
sin xdx
n!
e− x12 , x 6= 0;
f (x) =
0, x = 0.
∂u
ZZ
dS, i, j = 1, 2, 3.
∂xi ∂xj
S
8! ¦4•
n !
X k
lim nA − f = B.
n→∞ n
k=1
•3ž, A, B Š.
∂ui
Ù¥ det δij + ´N x 7→ (x1 + u1 , x2 + u2 ) äŒ'1 ª.
∂xj
19
2. OŽ: Z b
lim ϕ(nx)dx;
n→∞ a
3. y²: Z b Z T Z b
1
lim f (x)ϕ(nx)dx = ϕ(x)dx f (x)dx.
n→∞ a T 0 a
4. OŽ: Z T
1 ϕ(nx) ϕ(nx)
lim dx, Ù¥¼ê Âñ.
n→∞ ln n 0 x x
20
10. ÉÇŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜! ( 15 ©) OŽ n 1 ª
a2 − µ a a ··· a1 an
1 1 2
a2 a1 a22 − µ · · ·
a2 an
D= (µ 6= 0)..
.. .. ..
. . .
2
an a1 an a2 · · · an − µ
n! ( 15 ©) ®•Ý
1 0 3 1 2 1
A=
1 4 ,B = 3
5 5 ,
a
0 0 2 2 5 7
Ê! ( 15 ©) A = (aij ) ´ n ¢Ý , …÷v
n
X
(I) aij = 1, ∀i = 1, 2, · · · , n; (II)aij > 0, ∀i = 1, 2, · · · , n.
j=1
y²:
1. •3 n × s Ý B 6= 0, ¦ AB = B, Ù¥ s > 1;
2. r(E − A) < n, Ù¥ E • n ü Ý ;
3. éu λ ∈ R, •3 n ‘¢ •þ ξ 6= 0, ¦ Aξ = ξ, K |λ| 6 1.
8! ( 16 ©) A, B Ñ´ n ¢Ý , … A † A − B T AB Ñ´ ½Ý , y²:
1. det(E + A) > 1, Ù¢ E • n ü Ý ;
2. XJ λ ´ B A Š, @o |λ| < 1.
21
Ô! ( 14 ©)
1. n Ý A Ú B kƒÓ A õ‘ª9• õ‘ª, ¯ A † B ´Äƒq? e´, K‰ƒy²; eØ´,
K‰Ñ‡~;
2. A, B ∈ M3 (C) Ñ•k˜‡A Š λ0 . y²: A † B ƒq ¿©7‡^‡´ dim Vλ0 (A) = dim Vλ0 (B),
ùp Vλ0 (A) , Vλ0 (B) ©OL« A, B áu λ0 A f˜m.
A(X) = B T X − X T B, ∀X ∈ M2 (K),
!
1 1
Ù¥B = , Ú‚5f˜m
0 1
( ! )
x11 x12
W = x11 + x21 = 0, xij ∈ K ,
x21 x22
1. ¦ W ˜‡Ä;
2. y²: W ´ A ØCf˜m;
3. ò A w¤ W þ ‚5C†, ¦ W ˜‡Ä, ¦ A 3TÄe Ý •é Ý .
n
X
ùp T r(A) ´Ý A ,, = A = (aij ) é ƒÚ T r(A) = aii .
i=1
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11. ÉÇŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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˜! ( 15 ©) ®•Ý
1 1 1 1 2 3
A=
0 2 ,B = 2
0 3 ,
1
1 0 3 3 1 2
Á¦ X, ¦ AT X − 3X = B.
´ M2 (R) ˜‡Ä, q
! ! ! !
1 0 1 1 3 1 3 3
ξ1 = , ξ2 = , ξ3 = , ξ4 = .
3 0 3 3 7 3 7 7
3
Ù¥ B ´ A − E ƒqÝ , B∗ ´ B Š‘Ý .
2
23
8! ( 16 ©)®•šàg‚5•§|
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = −1;
3x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 − x4 = 0;
(I) :
5x1 + 3x2 + 7x3 − 3x4 = 1;
ax + x + 5x + bx = 3.
1 2 3 4
kn‡‚5Ã' ).
1. P•§| (I) XêÝ • A, y²: r(A) = 2;
2. ¦ a, b Š;
3. ¦•§| (I) Ï).
l! ( 14 ©) f ´²¡ R2 þ ‚5C†, ¦
1. : (1, 0) ” u1 4 –•;
2. : (0, 1) ” u1 2 –•;
3. : (1, 1) ” u1 1 –•.
y²: f ´Œ_C†, … f −1 r1 1 –•S ?¿:ÑN . 1 –•S.
Ê! ( 15 ©) A •n Ý , y²eã·Kƒp d:
1. r(A) = r(A2 );
!
B O
2. •3Œ_Ý P † B, ¦ A = P P −1 , Ù¥ O ´"Ý ;
O O
3. •3Œ_Ý C, ¦ A = A2 C.
W = W1 ∪ W2 ∪ · · · ∪ Ws .
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12. ÉÇŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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!
∗ ∗ A 0
˜! ( 16 ©) A, B • n Ý , A , B ©O• A, B Š‘Ý ,q ©¬Ý M= . éueã
0 B
o‡À‘, e (K‰ƒy²; eØ (ž‰Ñ‡~.
!
∗ |A|A∗ 0
(A) M = ;
0 |B|B ∗
!
∗ |B|B ∗ 0
(B) M = ;
0 |A|A∗
!
∗ |A|B ∗ 0
(C)M = ;
0 |B|A∗
!
∗ |B|A∗ 0
(D)M = ;
0 |A|B ∗
! ( 15 ©) n ‚5•§| Ax = b, Ù¥
2a 1 x1 1
a2 ..
x2
0
2a .
r ,x = ,b = .
.. .. .. ..
. . 1
.
.
a2
2a xn 0
o! ( 14 ©) A ´n Ý , y²:
k−1
1. XJ A α 6= 0, A α = 0, @o α, Aα, · · · , Ak−1 α (k > 0) ‚5Ã';
k
2. r(An ) = r(An+1 ).
a1 a2 am
= = ··· = .
b1 b2 bm
25
l! ( 16 ©) V ´ n ‘‚5˜m, V1 , V2 , · · · , Vs (s > 1) ´ V f˜m, …
V = V1 ⊕ V2 ⊕ · · · ⊕ Vs .
y²: •3 V þ ‚5C† σ1 , σ2 , · · · , σs , ¦
1. σi2 = σi (1 6 i 6 s);
2. σi σj = 0 (1 6 i, j 6 s and i 6= j);
3. σ1 + σ2 + · · · + σs = ε ´ð C†;
4. σi (V ) = Vi (1 6 i 6 s).
Ê! ( 15 ©) 6 ¢Ý
a −b
b a 1
a −b
A= ,
b a 1
a −b
b a
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13. ÉÇŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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˜! ( 15 ©) A, B •Ó • , y²:
ùp I •ü Ý .
o! ( 15 ©) A •n ˜"Ý (k ê k, ¦ Ak = 0).
1. ¦ A ¤kA Š;
2. r(A) = r, K Ar+1 = 0;
3. ¦ det(I + A).
Ê! ( 15 ©) A • m × n ¢é¡, Áy:
r(AT A) = r(A).
8! ( 15 ©)¦•§|
2x1 − x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 5;
4x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 + 6x4 = 7;
6x1 − 3x2 + 7x3 + 8x4 = 9;
λx − 4x + 9x + 10x = 11.
1 2 3 4
•6uëê λ Ï).
Ê! ( 15 ©) A •¢é¡ ½• , K
det(A) 6 a11 a22 · · · ann ,
Ò …= A •é ž¤á.
›! ( 15 ©)
0 2011 11
A=
0 0 ,
11
0 0 0
27
y² X 2 = B Ã), ùp X • 3 ™•E• .
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14. ÉÇŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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˜! ( 15 ©)
1 1
1 2 2 ! 1 1
1 1
A=
2 5 ,B =
4 ,C = 1 1 .
0 1
2 4 5
1 1
1
¦Ý X ÷v
!
O B
X = C.
A O
! ( 15 ©) ¦ n 1 ª Dn ¤k ƒ “ê{fªƒÚ, Ù¥
33 1 1 ··· 1
0 61 1 ··· 1
Dn =
0 0 1 ··· .
.. .. .. ..
. . . .
0 0 0 ··· 1
n! ( 15 ©) α1 , α2 , α3 ´‚5•§|
x − 3y + z = 2;
2x + y + tz = −1;
7x − 2z = −1.
3 ‡pÉ )•þ.
1. Á¦ëê t Š;
2. y²: α1 − α2 , α1 − α3 ‚5ƒ'.
Ê! ( 15 ©) a1 , a2 , · · · , as ´p؃ ¢ê, Ý
1 1 ··· 1
a1 a2 ··· as
B= .
a21 a22 a2s
an−1
1 an−1
2 ··· an−1
s
Á?ØÝ A = BT B ½5.
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Ô! ( 15 ©) A ´n ½Ý , B ´ n ¢é¡Ý , y²: 7•3 n Œ_¢Ý G, ¦
GT G = E, GT BG = diag(µ1 , µ2 , · · · , µn ),
Ù¥ E ´ n ü Ý , µ1 , µ2 , · · · , µn ´ |λA − B| = 0 n ‡¢Š.
Ê! ( 15 ©) λ1 , λ2 , · · · , λn ´ n ¢é¡Ý A ÜA Š, −λi (i = 1, · · · , n) Ø´ A A Š, ½Â
n×n
R ‚5C†
σ(X) = AT X + XA, ∀X ∈ Rn×n .
y²:
1. σ ´Œ_‚5C†;
2. é?¿¢é¡Ý C, 7•3•˜ ¢é¡Ý B, ¦ AT B + BA = C.
›! ( 15 ©) W • n ‘m V f˜m, α ∈ V . ½Â α W ål
d(α, W ) = (α − α0 ),
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15. ÉÇŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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˜! ( 15 ©) d
1 2 0 0
1 3 0 0
A=
0
,
0 0 2
0 0 −1 0
∗ −1
1
… A BA = 6AB + 12E, ¦ B.
2
! ( 15 ©) OŽ
s0 s1 ··· sn−1 1
s1 s2 ··· sn x
D= .. ,
.. .. ..
. . . .
xn
sn sn+1 ··· s2n−1
Ê! ( 15 ©) sln (F ) ´ M (F ) þ A, B Ý ÷v AB − BA )¤ f˜m, y²
dim(sln (F )) = n2 − 1.
Ô! ( 15 ©) ®•
0 −c0
1 0 −c1
..
1 0 .
A= ,
..
1 . −cn−3
..
. 0 −cn−2
−cn−1
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l! ( 15 ©) ϕ ´Eê•þ ‚5C†, ε •ð C†, λ0 • ϕ ˜‡A Š, λ0 3 ϕ • õ‘ª¥ -
+ k k+1
ê m0 = min{k ∈ N | ker(λ0 ε − ϕ) = ker(λ0 ε − ϕ) }.
k
m
1 X i−1
β= ϕ (α).
m i=1
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16. ÉÇŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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" #
A A
˜! 1. y² Œ_ ¿‡^‡´ AB Œ_;
C −B C
" # " #
A A A A
2. e Œ_, ¦Ñ _.
C −B C C −B C
n! ®• A •¢ Ý , det(A) = 1, y²•3 Ý P, ¦
1 0 0
P 0 AP =
0 cos θ ,
− sin θ
0 sin θ cos θ
Ê! ®•Ý
1 1 1
P 0 AP =
1 1 ,
0
1 0 1
¦ Ý Q Úé ‚ ƒ•K þn Ý R, ¦ A = QR.
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17. ÉÇŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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˜! ( 25 ©) •þ| (I) : α1 , α2 , · · · , αr ‚5Ã', …Œ±d•þ| (II) : β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ‚5LÑ. y²:
1. r 6 s;
2. 7 ‡ ž é • þ | (II) - # ? Ò, 2 ^ • þ | (I) O † • þ | (II) c r ‡ • þ, •þ|
(III) : α1 , α2 , · · · , αr , βr+1 , · · · , βs †•þ| (II) d.
! ( 25 ©) y²‘êúª:
8! ( 25 ©) A ´m×n Ý , B ´n×p Ý .
1. y²: r(A) 6 r(AB);
2. y²: r(AB) > r(A) + r(B) − n;
3. P C • A ˜‡ s × t fÝ , y² r(C) > r(A) + s + t − m − n.
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18. ÉÇŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
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˜! α, β ´ n ‘ •þ, … αT β = 3, B = αβ T , A = E − B, Ù¥ E ´ n ü Ý .
1. y²: B k = 3k−1 B ( k > 0 • ê);
2. y²: A + 2E Ú A − E ¥– k˜‡ØŒ_;
3. y²: A Ú A + E ÑŒ_.
Ê! ½ g. !2
n
X n
X
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = n x2i − xi ,
i=1 i=1
a., ¿`²nd.
8! A, B, C ´ n Ý , y²:
1. XJ A2 = E, K r(A + E) + r(A − E) = n;
!
A C
2. r > r(A) + r(B), ¿‰Ñ Ò¤á ^‡;
O B
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