UNIDAD XIX

. HOJADETRABAJO1 .
PRONUNCIACION

Escriba los ,símbolos. que corresponden a la pronunciación de las letras

subrayadas de cada palabra.

bursts [ ] charmed [ ]
embarked [ ] elinked [ ]
preserves [ ] whisks [ ]
reject [ ] sounds [ ]
envolved [ ] latched [ ]
stamps [ ] corrupt [ ]
I ' lashed. [ ] correc(s [ ]
th irteenths . [ } humped [ ]

81
 HOJADETRABAJO2

19.1.A. Guiá'ndose por los dibujos complete para indicar acción o hecho
iniciados en el pasado y continuados o repetidos hasta el presente, o
recién terminados.

1. Manypeople
_to the ExecutiveSecretary.
ex~c: U'T\\/&
seC:~E.TA~Y

2. They the floor.

3. Alice just
a bath.

4. Only two rases

82
5.

6. I finally
this thick book.

7. John Mary's
letters up. \

8. She just JJJ t

two palm trees in front of . :'\')
the house. The other one is I .-."
for the back yard. ~~ ~
"'~~

9. y ou the
sandwichesin triangles.

83
10. Number ten
a goal.
.~...1'
.. "..

11. We in
Waterford oThe next town on
our itinerary is Blue Ridgeo

12. We the
caro Now, it wifl start raining.

130That tree
for a long t,imeo My
grandfather planted ¡t.

14. The water on

the floor.

84
15. The two boys
to the topo

19.1.B. Según la i~formación dada en las oraciones de la izquierda, complete

las de la derecha para indicar acción o hecho iniciados en el pasado y
continuados o repetidos hasta el presente, o recién terminados. Haga
énfasis en la.duración cuando así se le pida. Sustituya los sujetos por
pronombres..

1. Jphn is taking an exam.,

since 8 a.m. (énfasis en la duración)
2. Mrs. Brown 'works with uso
for four years.
3. 1.know Peter. - since
childhood.
4. The house is empty.
all summer.
5. John finished the painting.
just
6. The boys are practicing. ~

all week. (énfasis en la duración).

7. It is raining. since 8
a.m. (énfasis en la duración)
8. I learned French. at
last.
9. Mother cut out two dresses.
so far.
10. We love .music. alway.s

11. The dogis sick.

since yesterday.

85
12. My sister is flying to Paris.
m~ny times.
13. He arrived from Australia. recently

14. They are swimming.

- all morning. (énfasis en la duración)
15. We understood his explanations. usually

16. You won twenty thousand dollars. just

17. Susan is helping uso

severaI times.
18. We'lI finish our work on time.
up to the presento
19. Today is Wednesday. Our teacher is preparing a chemistry experimento

every Wednesday since last February. (énfasis en la duración)

20. The Clarks are doing research.
since last May.

19.1.3. Cam~ie las siguientes oraciones para hacer énfasis en la duración de

las.acciones o hechos a que se refieren.

1. John has accompanied uso

2. The floods have caused great losses.

every year lately.
3. I have used that producto
for the last there months.
4. We have frozen all the meato
since last May.
5. Louisehastaken care of them.

6. Y ou have arrived late.

7. They havearguedthe point.

86
8. The boys havefought hard.

9. Alice has dance<;iwith Bob.

10. He has slept soundly.

11. The children have run in the park.

12. She has helped me.

13. ¡hey haveyelled constantly.

14. The water has boiled.

for ten mi nu teso
15. Bobby has cut the paper.

16. Mrs. Kent has done her washing.

17. We have made the beds.

18. She has spent a lot of money.

19. I have dreamed about you,.

20. . You have asked questions.

19.1.4. Complete cada oración con la forma del 'verbo entre paréntesis que
mejor corresponda al tiempo dado.

1. We for one solid hour. (study)

2. The drought great damage in
the region lately. (cause)
3. Ted the news at 7 p.m. every
day. (Iistento)
4. We- late this morning. (sleep)
5. Dr. Brown on Mrs. Williamson
sinc.e8 o'e!ock. (operate)

87
 6. They eyery Christmas. (come).
7. They in many
important capitals. (perform)
8. They canasta now. (play)
9. AII the flowers already.
(open ).
10. We - --~ a1:a steady speed of 90
mjles an hour for the la~t two hours. (drive)
11. He from the sécond tioor ot a
building. Fortunately, nothing
to him. (fal!) (happen)
12. The radio announcer informa-
tion now. You can him.. (give)
(1isten to)
13. Henry- his exam ten minutes
ago. (finish) ,
14. Our friends, a vi01in concert
now.. (attend)
15. Margaret always'happy. (be)
16. We - spaghetti (love)
17. The noise - finally. (stop)
'18. The cat . the poor mouse and it will
probably be unable to away.
(corner) (get)
19. That window a pane. Please
it (1ack) (fix)
20. Mrs. Livingston
about everybody and everything tor an hour without interruption.
(complain).

I
88
 HOJADETRABAJO3

19.2.- Guiándosepor la información contenida en la primera oración, com-

plete la segundaen forma negativa.Sustituya los sujetos por pronom-
bres donde sea posible.

1. Wehave finished Unit 19.

l)nit 20.
2. Clifford has arrived. Benjamin

.
3. The boys have been cleaning the yard.
mowing the lawn.
4. Mike has studied algebra already.
calculus veto
5. You have been playing.
doing your homework.
6. I have addressed the first fifty invitati,ons.
. Tema~ninginvitations.
7. You and Mark have come to visit uso Laura and Tom

8. The prisoner has gotten away.

gone very far, we bel ieve. I
9. Teddy has eaten all the cookies.
all the chocolates.
10. We have completed the first step.
the others.
. 11. The new racingcars havereached the finish line. The old racingcars.
-
12. I have made the cakes.
the cookies.
13. The actors have presented "Macbeth".
"Ki ng Lear".
14. Ann has been playing the piano. Rose

15. The violets have wiIted. The roses

89
16. Your check hasarrived. My check
17. Mary hasbeenworking in the kitchen all morning. Louise
in the kitehen all morning.
18. We have been writing for an hour.
. sinee nine.
19. He has been hunting
fishing.
20. You have been a great help
a nuisance.
21. They havegivenhim ajob.
a seh.olarship.
22. Ted has understood the situation. Alíee

23. The doeuments have come already. The letters

veto
24. The rain has stopped. The wind

25. We have washed the elothes.

ironed them.
26. John has always been punctual. Ted

27. The refrigerator ~as been on all day. The air eonditioner

28. We have copied the first ten words.

the other ten.
29. I have put nail polísh on my fingernails.
on my toenails.
30. Bob has poi ished his shoes.
Mary's shoes.

90
19.1-2.1. Guiándose por los dibujos, complete cada oración indicando si al
presente se ha realizado o no la acción del verbo entre paréntesis.- "

1. The children
thei r shoes.
(put on)

)
2. The sun
(come up)

3. The swallows
(return)

\ '\11 \\\\

""\" '

'.- . :::
-- :-

mW
,
4. We . -
. ~,
"', ' . -: .-
all the windows. " ,."
./ I 1\ "',;
(wash) "
\" //1/'1' I I I I ,,. ,.

91
5. The jet from New York
/Just -
(arrive )
.~.

6. The children
four window panes.
(break)

7. She
the sentence .
(finish) .

"I{
Q .
Wo
8. They
the red light.
(stop)

9. The Woodpeckers
the Cats.
(beat)

92
 10. The water
the top of the glass.
(reach )

11. We any
of the targets.
(hit)

12. Alice .- the

beds already.
(make)

13. It to
rain veta
(begin)

. 14.r
yard this morning.
(sweep)

93
19. You your
lollipop, don't you like it?
(eat)

./

94

/
 HOJADETRABAJO4

19.3.1. Complete las respuestas breves. Observe que en la última parte del
ejercicio las preguntas no se refieren todas a acción iniciada en el
,pasadoy no terminada, o recién terminada.

1. Havethey opened a new branch store?

Ves, .
2. Haveyou accepted their proposal? (sing)
No,
3. HasMrs.Brownforgotten the poem.?
No,
4. Havewe interrupted you?
. No,
5. Has he bothered you?
Ves,
6. Have I made fun of ,you?
Ves,
7. HasSandra brought the records?
Ves,
_8. Haveyou put your coats in the closet?
Ves,
9. Has Father Brown'seenyou and Ted?
Np,
10. Havethe boys taken that course?
No,
11. HaveI caused you a problem?
No,
12. HasSally made a lot of money?
Ves:
13. Havethe bombs exploded?
No,
14. Did the parachute open finally?
Ves,
15. Do you usuallydrive your car to work?
Ves,

;.95
16. Has Samuel prepared his speech?
Ves,
17. Can you and Sill come to'our party?
No, .

18. Will Sylvi'awear her: new evening dress?

Ves,
19. Havethey reached it?
No, .

20. Do we have to stop there?

. No, .

21. Has the man done the job well?

Ves,
22. Are you and Chris going to come early?
Ves,
23. Wasyour father discussing.the terms?
No,
24. Have you read these books of poems? (s.ing.)
Ves,
25. Was there anybody in my studio?
No,

-19~3.2.Ordene las palabras de cada grupo para estructurar una pregunta.

1. the baby -? - on the floor - has - his food - spilled

2. on y.ourbread - you -? - 'butter - have- spread

3. answering-, they - have- punctually.- you -? - been

4. properly -? - feeding- they - been - you - have

5. Mrs.Lee- understood - well -? - the instructions- has

6. 'pleased- they -? - been - have

7. ? - your triends - tor a long time - been - have - they

96
,8. finally - has - ? - his Company - another branch - established- in
Central América

9.. again - has - a raise - Elizabeth- obtained - ?

10. you - spring cleaping- been -? - have - doing - your

19.3.3. Guiándose por los dibujos y utilizando el sujeto y la forma correcta

del verbo entre paréntesis, complete cada pregunta para indicar ac-
ción continuada hasta el presente y recientemente concluida, hacien-
do énfasis en la duración donde así se señala. Dé luego las respuestas
breves que Gorrespondan.

(bloom) (the tree,by the win-

dow)
1. ?

2. (play) (the children)' -énfasis

en la duración- .

in th.e mud?

3. (strike) (the dock)

five?

97
 -1
4. (buy) (you)
eggs?

5. (take off) (Mary)

w
her shoes?

6. (eat) (they) énfasis en la du-

ración

apples?

7. (finish) (you)

the jigsaw puzzle?

8. (land) (the plane)

safely?

. 98
9. (come out) (the picture)
well?

10. (sew) (the girls) -énfasis en '

. la du ración-

for
some time?

1. (take) (she)
a lot of
luggage?

2.~break) (Bobby)
his right
arm?

3. (work) (you). -énfasis en la.

duración-
on that
paper for a long time?

99
14. (trim) (they)
their
Christmas tree?

15. (drop) (Mary)

her
penciI?
. "' . ",
o'",\ I'¡ .-:...i
--' '
 HOJADETRABAJO5

19.4.1. Estructure una pregunta con cada grupo de palabras. .

1. there - in Monterrey - lately -? - been - accidents - have - how

many

2. been- where-? - hiding- they - the presents have ~

3. blown out -? - fuses - which - have

4. producing - this effect - have-? - been - you - how

5. the boys - whom - trusted - have- with their money - ?

6. proposals- accepted - the company -? - has - what

7. salt -? ~ you - in the soup - hav~-- how much - put

8~ practicing- where -? - have - been - they ~ football

9. they - how - have- obtained - their visas- ?

10. telling- what - been -? - h9ve- them - you

t

11. gone - the guests -? - where - have

12. students - high school diplomas '- have - how many - their - re-
ceived - ?

13. to'the beautiful painting -? - done - they - what - have

14. storing - they - have - where.-? - their surplus production - been

101
 15, energy - wasted -? - have - in the process ..:...
they - how much

. 19.4.2. Guiándose por las respuestas,'

. complete
\
la pregunta. Utilice el sujeto"
Y el verbo entre paréntesis. Se trata de indicar acción iniciada en el
pasado
. y continuada o recién terminada en el presente.
.
.
. ,
1. . . that irritatioll in
your eyes? (produce)
A virus.
2. radio
? (order) (he)
The small transistor one illustrated here.
3. all tl-}istime? (be)
(Ann)
In Canada.
4. books
this week? (read) (you)
Fou~
5. (damage) (they)
My beautiful mahogany desk.
6. lately? (play) (the
boys)
In the new park. ,
7. the good news?
(hear)
Everybody in our neighborhood.
8. just
? )sing) (Mary)
An old bailad.
9. the magazines?
(Ieave) (J,Ohn)
In the magazine rack.
10. ? (arre~a) (they) .
Two thieves.

102
11. able to make his big
fortune? (be) (Mr. Kent)
By working hard and saving, and investing wisely.
12.
so far? (require) (it)
Two hours.
13. ? (miss) (1)
Nothing. The play h.asn't begun.
14. (forget) (we)
Nobody. The list is complete.
15. Mary after her I
graduation? (see)
Louise andl.

103
 HOJADETRABAJO
6

19. Voc. A.I-11.1.Complete las oraciones con la forma adecuada de get y la

preposición que convenga según el contexto.

1. The man couldn't capture the fox, it

from his trap.
2. We wonderfulIy with Mr.
Smith. He is courteous and kind and easy to work with.
3. When did they here, before .
or after lunch?,
4. We can the subway
one block from here and ride to WashingtonPark.
5. We had a lot of work yesterday, we didn't -
with it until midnight.
6. He goes to work at eight in the morning and usually returns at six in the
afternoon. Some,times,he - at
seven, when he doesn't make his bus connections on time.
7. They didn't the train at the
right station. They rode on for three miles more.
8. Don't .the water, it's chilly.
9. He always all the obstacles
. and difficulties and becomes more and more s,uccessful.

10. That Iittle dog is frequently my

. One of these days 1'11step on him.
11. thecar, your bag is already in.
12. I have to in the wQrld. -I'm
going to study and work hard.
13. Old people usually early.
They don't often sleep many hours at night. . .

14. the hous~, Bobby, it is cold

outside..
15. Our dog is afraid of fireworks; when they start, he
\ the bed and nobody can make him come out.
16. , We_- didn't . Mexico City on
time and we missed our flight to Madrid.

104
17. There was a traffi~ jam downtown, I had to
the taxi and walk five blocks to the bank.
18. . y ou are' sick, bed and stay
there.
19. She needs to the microphone,
her voice is not being picked up.
20. We .church a little before
twelve last Sunday.

105
 HOJADEtRABAJO7

19. Trad.!. Traduzca.

1. Have they created an 'industrial empire?

2. Shecut some flowersfor that vase. , '

3. We read an average of eight books a month last semester.

4. Shall we enter now?

5: Please get the children up, it's late.

é. Whatare these? - They're earrings.

7. How did Johnny 'get on the roof?

8. Volcanosare beautiful, but they often causedeath and destructión.

9. It's only six blocks.Wecan walk.

10. Pleasedon't stand in my way.

LECTURA DE COMP'RENSION

, Lea cuidadosamente la siguiente biografía y luego conteste las preguntas que

se le hacen.

JEAN HENRI FABRE, THE ENTOMOLOGIST POET

Many famous men have started life in adverse conditions of poverty,
deprived of almost everything, and yet they have been able to become
important scientists, or writers, or actors, ,or have achieved fame or fortune,
or both, in other ways. One of those of humble beginnings was Jean Henri
Fabre, born In Saint-Léons, Aveyron, France, on December 21, 1823.

Jean Henri's father was a peasant, but he had abandoned the farm and
moved to small town after small town in soutliern France, trying his luck at
106
running "modest.corner cafes. Businesswas usually bad,,'and there wasn't
much food around, so Jean Henri was sent to live with his grandparents at
their small farm in the cold tableland of Malaval. There Jean Henri became
acquainted with animal Iife and also became interested in finding .about the
things that surrounded him. He would gather small things and insects and
study them carefully to discover how they were made and what their
behaviou r was.

There was no school in Malaval, so, when Jean Henri was seven, they
sent him back to Saint-Léons. The school there was very small and poor.
The tea.cher had other duties besides teaching, and the- children had to help
one another to learn..

Jean Henri was bright and very interested in learning science. Working
hard and doing odd-jobs to earn his living, he managed to finish teaching
college at Vancluse, when' he was nineteén, and to obtain a position at the
College of Carpantras as a teacher. Some time later he became a teacher df
physics at the College of Ajaccio. Meanwhilehe continued studying until he
obtained his doctor's degreein Paris. With this he could get, in 1852, the
chairs of physics and chemistry at the Lycée of Avignon. He was a very .
interesting teacher because he did not repeat things from books, but told
them out of his own scientific experience. Many other people, not only his
regular students, attended his lectures, and he encouraged girls to attend
also, and to study science, which brought severe criticisms on him, and
finally was the cause for his abandoning the Lycée.

This proved' good for him, because he finally could devote himself to
observing insects and experimenting with them. He moved to a small house
in Orange and .there he set up improvised equipment for his studies of
insects. He would write down the results of this experiments in the forni of
delightful and poetical stories., and would sell them for a living, but he hardly
obtained enough for himself and his'family to live simplyand economically.
His poverty was.always,a problem for him, specially because experiments are
usuaUy costly in time and r:noney for equipmen,t, and his ,were..noexception;
but he loved his work and kept cheerfully and faithfully at it.

In 1871, when he was fifty~five, he was able to realize his long held
dream of buying a garden where he could have all kinds of insects to Keep
them under close and continual observation. ' .

.His most famous work "Souvenirs Entomologiques" was published in

ten volumes from 1879 to 1907, ando won for him the. titles of "the Homer
of the insects" and "the Virgil of the insects". Before him, all insect books

107
were fuI! of dry facts; he managed to add poetry, and even philosophy, to
the very scientific facts his experiments permitted him to offer to his readers.
Today, the special fields of animal behaviour, insect biology and comparative
psychologyall owe somethingto Jean Henri Fabre. .

In recognition for his academic merits he was made a corresponding

member of the Institute of France and a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. In
1910 he was honored by scientists of many parts of the world. He died five
years later, in 1915, at his beloved place of work and study, but his memory
lives on tor science, and as a bright example for many people.

Ouestions:

1. What was J'eanHenri Fabre's nationality?

2. What was the original occupatión of Jean' Henri's father?

3. With whom did Jean Henri live until he was seven?

4. Why was he sent back to Sto Léons?

Because
5. What did the children have to do at school on account of the teacher's
other duties?

6. Where did he tinish his teaching college?

7. What degree did he obtain in Paris?

8. What subjects did he teach at the Lycée of Avignon?

9. What brought severe criticism on him while at the Lycée?

His encouraging

10. What did he do with the sto~ies he wrote about his experiments with
. insects? .

108
11. WhY'was his poverty always a 'problem for him? .
12. What happened in 1871?

13. What is his most famous work?-

14. What did he manage to add to the scientific facts he offered to his
readers?

15. Who honored him in 1910?

.
109
 HOJAS pE RESPUESTAS

HOJA DE TRABAJO 1
PRONUNCIACION

bursts [sts] evo/ved [lvd] charmed [rmd] latched [t/t]

embarked [rlet] stamps [mps] el inked ['lkt] corupt [pt]
preserves [JVz] lashed [It] whisks [sks] corrects [kts]
reject [kt] th irteenths [08s] sounds [odz] humped [mpt]

HOJA DE TRABAJO.2
19.1.-a
1. Many people have written to the Executive Secretary.
2. They have mOI2fJ.edthe tloor. .

3. 'Alice has just taken a bath.

4. Only two raseshave oRened.
~. Summers 'in Monterrey have always been hot.
6. I have tin.allyfinished this thick book.
7. John hastorn Mary's letters .up. .
8. She has just fJ./anted two palm trees 'in tront ot the house. The ~ther
I one is tor the back yard. .

9. You have cut the sandwiches in triangles.

10. Numberten has made a goal. .
11. We have arrived in Waterford. The next town on our itinerary is Blúe
Ridge.
12. We have washed the caro Now, it will start raining.
13. That tree has been ther~ tor a long time. My great-grandtather planted
. it. (That tree has stood there . . .
14. The water has sl!Jlled on the ti oor.
15. The two boys have climbed to the top.

19.1.-b.
1. John is taking an exam. He has bef}t]Ja/(j[1U.
an exam since 8 a.m.

110
 2. Mrs. Brown works with usoShe has worked with us for four years.
3. I know Peter. -/ have known Peter since childhood.
4. The house is empty. It has been eml2t'L all summer.
,,5. John fini~hed the painting.' He~as just finished the painting.
6. The boys are practicing. They have been {lracticing_all week.
7. It is raining.lt has been raining_since 8 amo
8. I learned French., Ihave learned French at last.
9. Mother cut out two dresses.She has cut out two dressesso faro .
10. We love music. Wehave always loved music.
11. The dog is sick. It has been sick since yesterday.
12. My sister is flying to París.She'has flown to Paris many times.
13. He arrived from Austral ia. He has recently arrived from Australia.
14. They are swimming. Thev have been swimming all morning.
15. We understood his explanations. We have usually understood his
f!1<planations.
'16. You won twenty thousand dollars. You have just won twenty thousand
dollars.
17. Susan is helping usoShe has hel{led us several times. .
18. We'll finlsh our work on time. Wehave finished our work on time up to
I the presento "

19. Today is Wednesday. Our teacher is preparing a chemistry experimento

He (She) has been RreRaring a chemistry. eXReriment. every Wednesday
since last February. '

20. The Clarks are doing research. They have b"eendoing research since last
May.

19.1.3.
1. John has accompanied usoJohn has been aC'companyingY!:
2. The floods havecausedgreat losses. "

The floods have beeri causinfJ..greatlossesevery-y'ear latelv...

3. I have used ~hat producto
I have been using that p!oduct for the last three months.
4. We have frozen all the meato
We have'been freezingall the meat since last May.
5. Louise has taken care of them.
Louise has been takina care of them..

111
 6. You have arrived late.
You have been arriving late.
7. They have a,rgued the point.
They have been arguing the p-oint.
8. The boys have tought hard.
The boys have been fighting hard.
9. Alice has danced with Bob.
AUcehasbeen dancingwith Bob. .

10. He has slept soundly.

He has been sleelling sound/~
11. The children have run in the park.
The children have been running in the l2ark.
12. She has helped me. .

She has been hell?ingme.

13. They have yelled constantly.
They. have been 'Lellingconstantly~
14. The water has boiled.
The water has been boiling (or ten minutes.
. 15. Bobby has cut the paper.
Bobby has been cutting the lLaRer.
16. Mrs. Kent has done her washing.
Mrs. Kent has been .doing her washif!g~
17. We have made the beds.
'Wehave been making 'the beds.
18. She has spent a lot ot money. .

She has been sl2endinga lot o( money~

19. I have dreamed about you.
I have been dreaming about you.
20. y ou have asked quest.ions.
You have been asking_questions.

19.1.4
1. Wehave been studyjnQ. tor one salid hour. (Wehave studied. . .)
2. The drought has caused great damage in the region lately. (The drought
caused . . .
3. Ted listens to the news at 7 p.m. every day.
4. We$le"-1 late this morning.

112
 5. Dr. Brown has been oRerating-on Mrs. Will iamson since 8 o'clock.
6. They come every Christmas. (They have come. . .)
7. They have performed in many important capitals.
8. They are I2layjng canasta now.
9. AII the flowers have oRened already.
10. We have been driving- at a steady speed of 90 mi les an hour for the last
two hours. .

1-1. He fel! from the second floor of a building. Fortunately, nothing han.:
p"enedto him.
12. The radio announcer is giving the information .now. You can listen to
him. .

13. Henry finished his exam ten minutes ago.

14. Our friends areattending_apiano concert now.
15. Margaret is always happy.
16. We love spaghetti.
17. The noise has st0l!ped finally.
18. The cat cornered the poor mouse and it wi 11probably be unable to {Jet
away.
19. That window lacks a pane. Pleasefix it.
. 20. Mrs. Livingston has been compJaining_about everybody and everything
for an hour without interruption. (Mrs. Livingston hascomplained . . .)

HOJA DE TRABAJO 3
19.2
1~ We have finished Unit 19.We have not finished Unit 20.
2. Clifford has arrived. Benjam.in has not arrived. .
3. The boys have been cleaning the yard. They have not been mowing the
lawn.
4. Mike has studied algebra already. He has not stu~Jied calculus veto
5. You have been playing. You have not been doing_your homework.
6. I have addressed the first fifty invitations. I have not addressed the
remaining invitations.
7. You and Mark have come to visit usoLaura and Tom have {1ot come to
visit uso
8. The prisoner has gotten away. He (she)' has not gone very far, _we
believe.

113
 9. Teddy has eaten all the cooki~s. He has not eaten all the chocolates.
10. We have completed the first step. We have not comfJleted
the others.
11. The. new ra~ing cars have reached the finish 'line. The old racing cars
have not reached the finish line.
12. I have made the cakes. I have not made the c,ookies.
13. The actors have presented IIMacbeth". They have not presented IIKing
-." Lear". \

14. Ann has been playing thé piano. Rose has not been playing the piano.
15. The violets have wilted. The roses have not wilted.
16. Your check has arrived. My check has not arrived. '
17. Mary has been working in the kitchen all morning. Louise has not been
working_in the kitchen all morning. .

18. We have been writing for an hour. We have not been writing_since nine.
19. He has been hunting. He has not been fishing. .

20. You have been a ~reat help. You have not been a nuisance. '

21. they h.ave given him a job. They have not given him a scholarship. .

22. Ted has understood the situation. Alice has not understood the situa-
tion.
23. The documents have come already. The letters have not come veto
24. The rain has stopped. The wind has not stoJ?fJed.
25. We have washed the clothes. We'have not ironed them.
26. John has always been punctual. Ted has not alway-sbeen l2.unctual.
27. The refrigerator has been on all day. The,air conditioner has not been
Of,l all day:- '
28. We have copied the first ten words. We have not copied the other ten.
29. l. have pLJtnail polish on my fingernails. I have not f!ut nail polish on
my toenails. .
30. Bob has polished his shoes. He has not polished Mary's shoes.

19.1-2.1
1. The children have not /2ut on their shoes.
2.. The sun has not come up.-
3. The swallows have returned.
4. Wehave washed all the windows. .

5. The jet from New York has just arrived.

6. The ¿hildren 'have broken two window panes.

114
 7. She has.not finished the' sentence.
8. They have stoe~ed at the red Iight.
9. The Woodpeckers have beat(en) the Cats.
10. The water has not reached the top of the glass.
11. We have not hit anv...ofthe targets.
12. Alice has made the beds already.
13. It has not begun to rain veto
14. I have not swept the yard this morning.
15. You have not eaten your lollipop, don't you like it?

HOJA DE TRABAJO4
19.3.1.
1. Havethey opened a neWbranch store?
. Ves, they have.
2. Have you accepted their proposal? (sing)
No, I haver(t.
3. Has Mrs. Brown forgotten the poem?
No, she hasn't.
4. Have we interrupted you?
No, y.ou haven't.
5. Has he bothered you?
Ves, he has. .

6. Have I made fun of you?

Ves,you have.
.7. Has Sandra brought the records?
Yes, she has.
8. Have you put you r coats in the eloset?
Yes, we have.
9. Has Father Brown seen you and T~d?
No, he hasn't.
10. Hawethe boys taken that-course?
. . No, they haven't.
.11. Have I caused you a problem? .

No ,-~ou haven't.
12. Has Sally rnade a lot of money? .
y es, she has.

115,
13. Have the bombs exploded?
No, they. haven't.
14. Did the parachute open finally?
Ves, it did.
15. Do you usually drive your car to work?
Ves, Ido.
16. Has Samuel prepared his speech?
Ves, he has.
17. Can you and Sill come to our party?
No, we can't.
18. Will Sylvia wear her new evening dress?
Ves, she wi/l.
19. Have they reached it?
No, they haven't.
20. Do/we have to stop here?
No, ypu (we) don't.
21. Has the man done the job well?
Ves, he has.
22. Are you and Chris going to come early?
Ves,we are. .
23. Was YOUJfather discussing the terms?
No, he wasn't.
24. Have you read these books of poems? (sing)
Ves, I have.
25. Wasthere anybody in my studio?
No, there wasn't.

19.3.2.
1. the baby -? - on the floor - has - his.food - spilled
Has the baby_sRilled his (ood on the floor?
2. on your bread - you -? - butter - have - spread
. Have you spread butter on ypur bread?
3. answering- they - have - punctually - you -? - been
Have they been answering-y"oup"unctually]
.4. properly -? - feeding - they - been- you - have .
Have they been (eeding.y"ouI2.roJ2.erly]

116
5. Mrs. Lee - understood - well -? - the instructions - has
Has Mrs. Lee understood the instructions wel/?'
6. pleased '- they -? - been - have
Have the't been j2leásed?
7. ? - your friends - for a long time - been - have - they
Have the't been your friends for a long time?,
8. finally - has - ? - his company - another branch - established - in
Central America
Has his comeE!!Y final/y established another branch in Central Ame-
rica? r... in Central America final/y? )
9. again - has - a raise - Elizabeth- obtained - ?
Has Elizabeth obtained a raise again?
10. you - springcleaning- been-? - have- doing- your
Have you been doing_'Lour sp-ring cleaningl

19.3.3.
1. Has the tree by the window bloomed?
Yes, it has.
2. Have the children been a/av..ingin the mud?
Yes, they have.
3. Has the dock struck five?
No, it hasn't.
'4. Have ypu bought egg§.?
Yes, I have.
5. Has Mar'!.taken off her shoes?
No, she hasn 't.
6. Have they been eating_apples?
No, the'i haven't.
7. Have ~ou finished the jigsaw puzzle?
Yes, / have.
8. Has the plane landed safely?
.

No, it hasn't.
9. Has the picture come out well?
No, it hasn 't.
10. Have the girls been sewing_for some time?
Yes, they have.

117
11. Has she taken a lot of luggage7
No, she hasn't.
12. Has Bobb'l broken his right arm7
No, he hasn't.
13. Have y-oubeen work ing-on that n9l2erfor a long time?
Ves, I have.
14. Have they trimmed their Christmas tree7
!1.o, they haven't. .
15:- Has Mary drol?Red.her penci 17
Yes, she has.

HOJA DE TRABAJO 5
19.4.1.
1. there - in Monterrey - lately - 7 - been - accidents- have- how
many
How many accidentshave there been in Monterrey-Iately]
2. been- where- 7 - hiding- they - the presents- have
Where have they-been hiding the Ilresents?
3. blown out - 7 - fuses - which - have
Which fuses have blown out?
4. producing - this effect - have - 7 - been - you - how
How have ~ou been producing this effect?
5. the boys - whom - trusted - have \" with their money ~ 7
Whom have the boy-s trusted with their moneY.l
6. proposals - accepted - the company - 7 - has - what
What proppsals has the comf!f1n'laccellted?
7. salt - 7 - you - in the soup - hi:we- how much - put
How much salt have Y'ouRut in the sou~?
8. practicing - where - 7 - have - been - they - football
Where have they been ~racticing football?
9. they - how - have - obtained - their visas - 7
How have they obtained their visas?
10. telling - what - been - 7 - have -..them - yqu
What have you been telling them?

118
11. gone - the guests -? -'where.- have
Where have the guests gone?
12. students - high school diplomas - have - how many - their -
received - ?
How many students have received their high school diplomas?
13. to the beautifulpainting-? - done- they - what- have
Whathave they.done to the beautiful Rainting?
14. storing- they - have- where-? - theirsurplusproduction- be~n
Wherehave they been storing their sur/!..Ius
I!..roduction? .
15. energy - wasted -? - have- in the process- they - how mu~h
How much ener9..'I.have they wasted in the R.rocess? .

19.4.2
1.' What has {!.roduced that irritation in your eyes?
A virus.
2. Which radio has he ordered?
The small transistor one illustrated here.
3. Where has Ann been all this time?
In Canada.
4. How many books have you read this week?
Four. .

5. What have they damaged?

My beautiful mahogany desk.
6. Where have the bOYl mav..edlatelv.]
In the new park.
7. Who has heard the good news?
Everybody in our neighborhood.
8. What has Marv..j ust sungl
An old bailad.
9. Where has John left the magazines?
In the magazine rack.
10. Whom have they arrested?
Two thi.eves.
11. How has Mr. Kent been,able to make his big fort.urie?
By working hard and saving, and investingwisely.

119
12. Howlonghasit requiredso far?
Two hours.
13. What have I missed!. Nothing. The play hasn't begun.
14. Whom have we forgotten?
Nobody. The list is complete.
15. Who has seen Mary after her graduation?
..Lou ise and 1.

HOJA DE TRABAJO 6
19. Voc. A. 1-11.1.
1. The man couldn't capture.the fox-,it $lot away from his trap.' ,
2. We get along wonderfully with Mr. Smith. He is courteous ~nd kind and
easy tó work with. .

3. When did they get here, before or after lunch?

4. We !::an$let on the subway one block from here and ride to Washington
Park. '

5. We had a lot of vyork yesterday, we didn't ger. througl1 withit until

midnight. '.

6. He goes to workat eight in the morning and usually returns at six in the
afternoon. Sometimes, he {lets back at seven, when he doesn't make his
bus connections on time. .

7. They didn~t get off the train at the right station. They rode on for
three miles more. .

8. Don't get into the water, ¡t's chÜly.

.

9. He always gets over al! the obstacles and diffiGulties'and becomes more
andomore successfu 1. .
10. That little dog is frequently u..ettingin rt:\yway. One of these days 1'11
step on him.
11. Get in the' car, your bag is already in.
12. I'have to get ahead in the world. I'm going to study and work hard.
13. Old peop'le usually get ue. early. They don't often sleep many hours at
night.

120
 14. Get inside the house, Bobby, it is cold outside.
15. Our do~ is afraid of fireworks; when they start, he gets under the bed
. and nobody can make him come out.
16. We didn't get to Mexico City on time and we missed our flight to ,

Madrid. .

.17. There was a traffic jam downtown, I had toget out ofthe taxi and walk
five blocks to the bank. '

18. You are sick, gét in bed and stay there.

19. She. needs to get near the microphone, her voice is not being picked up.
20. Wegot to church a little before twelve last Sunday..

HOJA DE,TRABAJO 7
19. Trad'. 1.
1. Have they created an indust(jal empire?
¿Han creado un imperio industrial?
2. She ~ut some flowers for that vase.
lElla) Cortó unas flores para ese florero.
3. We read an average of eight books a month last semester.
Leímos un promedio de ocho libros por mes el semestre pasado.
4. Shall we enter now?
¿Entramos ahora? (¿Te parece) (le parece) que entremos ahora? ).
5. Pleaseget the childre~p~ate~ - I

Por favor levanta' (levante) a los niños, es tarde.

6. What are these? - They're 'earrings.
¿Qué son éstos? - Son aretes.
7. How did Johnny get on the roof?
¿Cómo' se subió Johnny al techo?
8. VolcanQ~are beautiful, but they often 'cause death and destructions.
Los volcanes' son hermosQs,_pero con frecuencia causan destrucción ~
muerte.
9,. .It's only six blocks. We can walk.
Son solamente seis cuadras. Podemos caminar.
10.; Please don' t stand in my way.
Por favor no te (inter)pongas, en mi camino.

121
QU ESTIONS TO lEAN HENRI FABRE. THE ENTOMOLOGIST POET

1. What wa'sJean Henri Fabre's nationality?

French. (He was French) (He was a Frenchman).
2. What was the original occupation of Jean Henri's fath,er?
He was a ~easant.
3. With whom di.d.Jean Henri tive until he was seven?
With his grandparents.
4, Why washe sent back 'to St.-Léons?
Because there was no school in Malaval.
5. What did the children have to do at school on account of the teacher'~
other duties?
They had to he/~ one another to learn.
6, Where did he finish teaching college?
. At Vancluse. .

7. What degree did he obtain in París?

His doctor's degree. .

8. What subjects did he teach at the Lycée of Avignon?

Physics and chemistrv..:
9. What brought severe criticism on him while at the Lycée?
I

His encouragÍJ}gllirls to attend his lectures and to study science.

10. What did he do with the stories he wrote about his experiments witr
. I
Insects?
He sold them for a living:..
11. Why was his poverty always a problem for him?
Because exp.eriments are usual/y- costly in time and mone'l.. fOl
!!..qy"ipment,and his were no exception.
12. What happened in 1871?
He was able to realize his long held dream of buYlng~garden where hE
could have al! kinds of insects to keep them under close and continua¡
observátion. .'
13. What is his most famous work?
His most famol)s work is Souvenirs Entomolo.g{ques.
14. What did he "manage to add to the scientific facts he offered to hi~
readers?
He managed to add ~oetry, and even philoso{!.hy, to them'

122
15. Who honored him in 1910?
Sc;ent;sts' o, manv. parts o, theworld.

123