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YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2009 BIOLOGY

Higher 1 Paper 1 Multiple Choice

8875/01
2nd SEPTEMBER 2009 Wednesday 0800- 0900 1 hour

Additional materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, index number and CTG on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided. There are thirty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Calculators may be used. .

This question paper consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

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The diagram below represents a model of the structure of a biological membrane. Which of the following will be responsible for cell adhesion?

The diagram below represents an electron micrograph of a secretory cell from a mammal. If the cell was supplied with certain amino acids containing radioactive sulphur atoms, in which of the following structures would the earliest concentration of radioactivity appear?

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Some microorganisms produce glucosidase enzymes, but mammals do not. The presence of these microorganisms in a mammals digestive system aids in the digestion of which substance? A B C D lactose cellulose glycogen starch

The following statements describe three orders of structure of the insulin molecule. 1. 2. 3. The molecule consists of two polypeptide chains joined and folded around one another. The sequence and number of amino acids in each polypeptide chain is known. The amino acids in each chain are coiled into a helix and held in position by hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following correctly matched the orders of structure with the statements? Statement 1 A B C D Primary Secondary Tertiary Tertiary Statement 2 Tertiary Tertiary Primary Secondary Statement 3 Secondary Primary Secondary Primary

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The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is CH 2 -OH. The R group of the amino acid alanine is CH 3 . Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? A Both serine and alanine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein. Serine would be in the interior and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein. Alanine would be in the interior and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

C D

An essential feature of a non-competitive inhibitor is its ability to A B C D combine with a prosthetic group. modify a substrate. occupy the active sites of the enzyme. occupy an allosteric site.

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When investigating enzyme/substrate interactions, which one of the following would be expected to show a linear relationship under constant conditions? A B Amount of product against time, with the amount of substrate limited. Rate of reaction against substrate concentration, with the amount of enzyme limited. C Rate of reaction against enzyme concentration, in the presence of excess substrate. D Rate of reaction against enzyme concentration, with the amount of substrate limited.

Co-operation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for A B C D reduction of NADP+. ATP synthesis. cyclic phosphorylation. oxidation of the reaction center of photosystem I.

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Carbohydrates were radioactively labelled and their route from a green plant to a herbivore was identified. Which route was identified? in the green plant A B C D glucose starch glucose starch starch maltose starch maltose in the herbivore glucose maltose starch maltose glucose glycogen glucose maltose starch starch glucose glycogen

10

The figure below shows the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at two different CO 2 concentrations.

Which label shows the point in which carbon dioxide concentration is limiting for both graphs?

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In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to A B C D oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. the Calvin cycle. carbon fixation.

12

What cellular compartment becomes acidic during mitochondrial electron transport? A B C D mitochondrial stroma cytoplasm directly surrounding the mitochondrion space between inner and outer mitochondrial membrane thylakoid membranes

13

During aerobic respiration, ATP can be formed by oxidative phosphorylation and by substrate level phosphorylation. In complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose, approximately what percentage of ATP is formed by substrate level phosphorylation? A B C D 11% 25% 75% 89%

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The electron micrograph shows a cell at a particular stage during the cell cycle.

The graph shows the mass of DNA within a cell during the cell cycle. Which point in time is represented by the stage shown in the electron microgram?

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If the nucleus of a human motor neurone contains 6.8 picograms (pg) of DNA, what mass of DNA is the nucleus of an actively dividing human skin cell likely to contain at the end of interphase? A B C D 3.4 pg 6.8 pg 13.6 pg 20.4 pg

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Identify the correct order of organisation of genetic material, from largest to smallest. A B C D Genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide Gene, chromosome, nucleotide, genome Chromosome, gene, genome, nucleotide Nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome

17

A new form of life is discovered. It has a genetic code similar to that of organisms on Earth except that there are five different DNA bases instead of four and the base sequences are translated as doublets instead of triplets. How many different amino acids could be coded for by this genetic code? A B C D 25 32 10 64

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In studying a virus, you find the following proportions of nitrogenous bases present: adenine 23%, guanine 31%, cytosine 23%, unexpected base 17%. What statement(s) can you make about this virus? A B C D It probably uses RNA as its genetic material. The genetic material of this virus is probably single stranded. Base pairing rules in this virus probably include adenine:cytosine. A and B

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The initiation of gene expression in prokaryotes involves which of the following mechanisms? 1 2 3 4 10 promoters 35 promoters mRNA splicing to remove introns promoters many kb upstream

A B C D

4 only 1 and 2 only 1, 2 and 3 only 1, 2, 3 and 4

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The figure below shows the genomic structure of the wild-type human -globin gene. The numbers within the boxes indicate the length of nucleotides of each region, inclusive of bases stated in the diagram. The DNA sequences corresponding to the start codon and the stop codon are included in the diagram.

What is the length (in nucleotides) of the wild-type -globin primary RNA transcript (pre-mRNA) and how many amino acids are present in the wild type -globin protein? Length of -globin primary RNA transcript 1600 620 1600 620 No. of amino acid in wild-type -globin protein 146 146 206 206

A B C D

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Biologists have sequenced the genomes of many organisms. The number of genes found in organisms varies greatly. Some examples are listed in the table below.

From this data it can be concluded that A B C larger organisms have larger genomes. puffer fish show greater genetic variety than E. coli. a nematode and flowering mustard plant have the same number of chromosomes. the larger the genome of an organism, the greater the number of proteins it produces.

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When a researcher heated the segment of the DNA helix containing the five histones gene, only the DNA sequences between these genes were denatured, revealing the location of the histone-coding regions. Which of the following best accounts for this observation? A B C Histones protect the DNA helix from denaturation. Packaging of the DNA with histones strengthens base pair bonding. The genes coding for histones are rich in adenine and thymine, while the DNA sequences between them are rich in guanine and cytosine. The genes coding for histones are rich in guanine and cytosine, while the DNA sequences between them are rich in adenine and thymine.

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Which of the following ideas were not part of Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection?
I II III IV V Acquired variation is inherited. Variation between individuals arises by gene mutation. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. Only those individuals best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce. Regions that encode portions of the polypeptide that are vital for structure and function are less likely to incur mutations.

A B C D

I, II and V I, III and IV II, III and V II, IV and V

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In some Australian insects, new species have arisen through changes that occurred to chromosomes in an ancestral species. Such changes may involve the joining together of chromosomes, the loss of whole or parts of chromosomes, and rearrangement of the genetic material within chromosomes. One ancestral species has the following haploid set of chromosomes.

As the changes in chromosomes accumulate, a number of different species can result from a single ancestral species. Three species that have evolved from the ancestral species shown above have the haploid sets of chromosomes shown below.

The most likely order of evolution of these species is A B C D ancestral species, species Z, species G, species M. ancestral species, species G, species M, species Z. ancestral species, species M, species G, species Z. ancestral species, species G, species Z, species M.

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Which pattern of mutation rate would be most helpful if one desires to use a gene as a molecular clock to determine evolutionary relatedness of species that are closely related to each other?

Rate of mutation

Time

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In the mosquito there is a gene locus which has two alleles, RR= resistant and RS= sensitive, which are involved in resistance, in particular to the insecticide DDT. The graphs below show the number of mosquitoes of the 3 phenotypes (and genotypes) collected from 1965, when DDT was first used, through to 1970, two years after the spraying of DDT stopped.

From this data it can be concluded that A the frequency of the RS allele is greater than the frequency of the RR allele in 1968. many generations after the removal of DDT the RR allele would disappear from the population. after removal of DDT from the environment in 1968, having the RRRR genotype reduces the chance of survival. between 1967 and 1968 in the presence of DDT in the environment, the mosquitoes with the RRRS genotype are the most likely to survive.

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The colour of the fruit in a particular species of plant is under genetic control. The fruit can have three phenotypes: no colour, yellow colour or green colour. Two genes are involved in the control of fruit colour. Each of the genes has two alleles as shown. Gene 1 Gene 2 I : no colour production, i : colour is produced G : yellow fruit , g : green fruit

These two genes are unlinked. This means that A B C D the genes assort independently. the genes are close together on the same chromosome. there is recombination between the two genes during meiosis. particular combinations of alleles of these genes are always inherited together.

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Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant trait in humans that results in a form of dwarfism. In some cases a child with achondroplasia is born to parents who have normal height. The most likely reason for the appearance of the child with achondroplasia is that A the parents are carriers and the child has inherited the mutant allele from each parent. a mutation has occurred in a gamete of either the mother or the father. a mutation has occurred in a somatic cell of one of the parents. a mutation has occurred in the tissues of the child.

B C D

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Coat colour in cats is controlled by many genes. One gene locus has many alleles, one of which is called the Siamese allele (cs). Cats homozygous for this allele have pigment only on their extremities; for example, the tip of the tail, nose, ears and feet. When cats carry the C allele at this locus they have full expression of pigmentation; for example, black fur over the whole of their body. Siamese and black cats would be produced in equal numbers in a cross of A B C D two Siamese cats. two heterozygous black cats. a homozygous black cat to a Siamese cat. a heterozygous black cat to a Siamese cat.

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In phlox plants (Phlox drummondii) a gene locus produces the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. There are two alleles at this locus, A1 and A2, each producing a different form of the enzyme. A heterozygote can produce both forms of the enzyme. Fifty plants were sampled to see which enzyme was produced. The results are shown below. Genotype based on enzyme produced A1A1 A1A2 A2A2

Number of plants of each genotype

20

10

20

From the data above it is possible to conclude that A B C D the total number of A2 alleles is 30. the frequency of the A1 allele is 0.3. the frequency of the A2 allele is 0.5. there are a total of 50 alleles in this population.

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