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Both Western and Eastern medical practitioners consider good breathing habits to be
exceedingly important components of health, relaxation, longevity and spirituality. Although
most people are aware of when they eat or sleep poorly, relatively few pay attention to or
notice how they breathe.
Unfortunately, many people breathe poorly-they take shallow breaths without fully
engaging their lungs. As people age, they experience shortness of breath, which is a
precursor to ill health, weakness and depression.
Of all self-help exercises, learning to breathe properly i s one of the most effective ways
to improve your overall health and at the very least, mitigate the decline of aging. That is
why Taoist energy practices start with breathing. /
This chapter will teach you the basics of the Longevity Breathing program, the foundation
for Taoist chi gung and other energy and meditation practices. The techniques are easy to
learn, although practice i s required.
Longevity breathing gets rid of carbon dioxide and increases the usable oxygen that
you inhale.
Even if you can inhale sufficiently to pull enough oxygen in to your system, you might
not exhale deeply or long enough to get rid of all the carbon dioxide required. Normally
a quarter or so reserve at the bottom of the lungs is always filled with carbon dioxide. This
leaves only three quarters of the lungs free to be filled with oxygen, or remained unused.
As the exhale relative to the inhale becomes even weaker, it diminishes the ability of the
body to procure oxygen from the air.
If you do not exhale sufficiently, over time, these events may occur:
The ability of your body to procure oxygen from the air diminishes.
Toxic waste products build up in your blood, which often results in yawning.
As carbon dioxide builds up, your mental capacities and clarity diminish and
your stress level increases.
Increased carbon dioxide accumulation beyond what is naturally needed prevents
your lungs from taking in enough air.
1
Longevity Breathing Practices Are Fundamental
' to Taoist Meditation
Within the Taoist tradition, chi gung and meditation form a continuum. Chi gung can lead
you to meditation. Breathing can help you to feel the inside your body and the deepest
recesses of your spirit and soul. It gives you access to your emotions so that you can move
towards realizing your greatest potential by releasing everything that i s bound inside you.
Longevity Breathing i s a tool to awaken your awareness so that you can see into the
center of your soul. As breathing energizes your body, it enables you to recognize how the
chi of your emotions and karma i s frozen. You can then dissolve and release what i s stuck
inside until the blocked energies resume their natural free-flowing quality and you can
begin to walk the path called the Tao.
However, they also have some fundamental differences. Many core practices of
pranayama breathing teach you to hold your breath or to breathe in or out of one nostril.
In Longevity Breathing, your breath is never held: your goal is relaxed, circular, whole-
body breathing. This means that Longevity Breathing can be done 24 hours a day, once
the technique i s mastered.
Most pranayama methods focus on breathing from your chest. Taoist methods focus on
breathing from your belly.
through the internal organs to the lower as the bellows breath or the lifting contrac-
tion of the abdominal muscle to massage
kidney area. You will also learn not to inhale air into the front of your chest.
This is the only stage of breathing taught in this book. If you continue your study of chi
gung, you will learn more complex methods, some of which are discussed in Chapter1 5.
Breathing Benchmarks
'the Longevity Breathing program has three benchmarks based on the duration of your
breath. The first i s thirty seconds (fifteen-second inhales; fifteen-second exhales). This is the
only benchmark that beginners should try to reach when they learn the Longevity Breathing
techniques taught in this book. A thirty-second breath is the minimum an average person
should be able to achieve in order to breathe well under normal circumstances. Being able
I to do this easily is quite a challenge, but achieving it will immeasurably better your life.
the second benchmark for more advanced practitioners i s a MO-minute breath, and the
third is five minutes or longer. these are discussed more fully in Chapter 15. Under no
circumstances should the breath ever be held.
If, after taking four or five deep breaths, the longest you can extend an individual breath
is ten seconds (five-second inhales; five-second exhales], your normal resting breath i s likely
to be three to five seconds and even less under stress.
1 be pushed out of your lungs. If your diaphragm does not move very much as you breathe,
Your body has several internal fluid pumping mechanisms, which are directly connected
to the movement of your diaphragm. G o o d fluid movements are especially important for
your internal organs, joints and spine. Poor movement of your diaphragm compromises the
smooth flow of these fluids.
The Longevity Breathing exercises that follow will help your diaphragm to move more
strongly and teach you to develop habits of long, strong and deep breathing.
Just as muscles can tense up and become hard, so can your breathing. Breathing
Breath and Chi 85
powerfull y but softly and in a relaxed manner can reduce the tendency of your
nervous system to become stressed or hold onto stress. Soft breathing, rather than
tense or labored breathing, enables you to shrug off stress and negative emotions
significantly more easily.
As you breathe, you should keep your tongue on the roof of your mouth in as
relaxed a fashion as you can. (When you start to say "let" your tongue will
naturally g o to the correct position.) Your tongue may feel tight at first but in a
few weeks your muscles will loosen and you will be able to keep your tongue
on the roof of your mouth at all times. This contact connects two major energetic
flows in your body.
In this form of breathing, you should not feel any physical pressure anywhere
below the area of your pubic hair (See Appendix C). Other Taoist techniques for
breathing into the genitals are specific to Taoist sexual practices.
How Long Will It Take to Learn Longevity Breathing?
This is a common question and the best answer is, "As long as it takes." Letting g o of your
internal sense of time pressure to succeed can help you accomplish this task in as short a
period as your body and nerves will allow.
Classically, Taoists considered that a minimum of three months (or one of the four
seasons] of regular, almost daily practice was necessary to enable new breathing patterns
to become as natural as all other physical activities and occur even during sleep. 'the very
disciplined may be able to achieve this in less time, while the less disciplined may need a
year or more. To put it simply, just practice regularly and forget about how long the process
should take.
Practicing with discipline at regular times for regular amounts of time is ideal. However
if this is not possible, practice whenever you can, such as while watching television, riding
on a bus, plane or train, waiting for appointments or emails to arrive, doing household
chores, etc. If you miss a time to practice breathing, don't feel guilty. Just take the next
opportunity. Over time, small steps can travel great distances.
2. Take a baseline measurement of the duration of your breath. Using the second
hand of a clock or watch, breathe comfortably and measure your current rates of
inhale and exhale. Do not try to force the length of your breath.
3. Put one hand on your belly and one hand on your chest. Push your belly out to
d r a w in air. To exhale, relax and allow your belly to return to its original position
T
Breath and C ~ I 87
4. The front of your chest should stay still and relaxed, neither moving up or down.
Let all your inhales and exhales come directly from the movement of your belly.
5. Try to make each inhale and exhale approximately the same length.
6. Start by doing this exercise 5 times during each practice session and increase to
2 0 as it becomes comfortable. You can practice any time and you will be ready
to go to the next exercise when you are comfortable doing 2 0 belly breaths.
2 . Put one hand on another part of your belly. Focus on getting it to move as you
inhale and exhale.
4. FOCUS on the third part of your belly and get it to move just as smoothly.
5. Always remember the 70% r ~ l e - ~ o should
u feel as little strain as you can anytime
you pratice breathing.
It may take weeks or more to do any of the following exercises in a relaxed manner.
Take the time and do not skip ahead. As you practice, you may notice that you will also
be able to take slightly longer breaths. Brc
tra
vit
Lesson 3 Move the Sides of Your Belly
Focus on expanding and relaxing the sides of your belly. Side breathing begins from just
above your hipbones, moves through the next fleshy bit called your midriff and continues
underneath the bottom of your ribs. Train your awareness so that you can focus on this area
of your body.
1. Place the palm of your hands or lightly closed fists on the midriff area between
your hipbones and your lowest ribs. When you inhale, this area expands; when
you exhale it returns to its original position. The hands help you to confirm when
you are actually moving the sides of your belly.
2. Move the sides of your belly as you breathe until you can feel some pressure on
your liver and spleen, located underneath your ribs (see p. 84).
3. Make sure the front of your chest i s not moving as you breathe.
4. Time your inhales and the exhales so that they are approximately the same length.
If you are able to take longer breaths without strain, do so.
5 . Do this exercise 5 times during each practice session and increase it to 20 as it
becomes comfortable.
6. When over time, this exercise becomes comfortable, shift your focus a little. Use
each inhale to increase your awareness of tension in your muscles and nerves.
As you exhale, do your best to consciously release these tensions and allow your
Breath and Chi 89
body to relax and soften. As you become more successful, you will get an
increased feeling of space-both within the breath itself and within your
abdomen-as well as a greater sense of unobstructed flow within your abdominal
cavity, where previously you may only have felt hard, tense and bound muscle.
1
healthy body and a clear mind. Chronic fatigue reflects weakness in your kidneys and fear
is held there.
Breathing into your kidneys is harder than breathing into the front and sides of your
belly. Initially, it helps to lie on the floor, knees up, soles of your feet on the floor, with the
lower part of your back firmly pressing the floor. The pressure of your body against the floor
,
I
on your inhale and the release of the pressure on your exhale will make i t easier to feel
inside your body.
I
I 1 . As you inhale, expand the inside of your body backward from the center of your
I
I belly to your spine, lower back muscles and up to your kidneys. You should feel
I your skin pressing more strongly against the floor. Return to your original position
as you exhale.
2. Make sure your chest does not move up and down. Continue to breathe into the
front and sides of your belly but focus on breathing into your back.
3. As you breathe, try to feel your kidneys. The kidneys are particularly delicate and
easily strained. You should be especially gentle and practice only to within 40% or
50% of your capacity, gradually building to 70%.
4. Become aware of your emotions. Does breathing into your kidneys make you
more aware? Does i t make you fearful? What are you afraid of? What does thai
fear feel like? Mentally relax that fear. Tell yourself that what you are doing now,
whatever fear you have, i s not going to happen while you practice your breathing.
Release your fear-induced tension and as you let go and release that tension,
release the emotion.
chest muscles completely relax and do not move at all as your lungs expand backwards
towards your spine.
Combining abdominal breathing with breathing into the back of your lungs fully mas-
sages your heart, something that does not occur while breathing with the front of your
/ chest. When you learn this exercise, two forces simultaneously converge to give your heart
a continuous massage with each breath. First, greater movement in the back of your lungs
allows them to apply pressure to the back, top and sides of your heart, which abdominal
breathing alone cannot fully accomplish. Second, the upward pressure applied by your
abdomen and diaphragm creates a wave of pressure in the bottom, side and front of your
heart. These two forces compress and release the entire heart muscle and pericardium in
a toning, rhythmic massage.
Having a heart massage i s good for you. Since in Chinese medicine, your heart governs
anxiousness and anxiety, if you focus on relaxing it while you breathe, you may find your
anxiety lessening. As you inhale, bring a sense of gentle confidence into your heart. As
you exhale, release your tension, fear and worries about the future.
Breathing into your upper back, combined with belly breathing, also massages, tones
and increases the blood circulation of other internal organs.
Most people have never breathed with their upper backs and the tissue of the back part
of your lungs i s probably not very flexible. As you learn this exercise, remember the 70%
rule. Take it easy. Do not try to do too much too fast. Gradually, your lungs will regain the
stretch they had when you were a baby.
1. Lie on your back with your knees up, the soles of your feet on the floor and the
lower part of your back firmly pressing the floor. Put your hands on your chest to
check that it does not move.
2. Expand your belly to inhale, but put your focus on letting the muscles of your upper
back move backwards. The front of your chest (the sternum and chest muscles)
should relax completely and not move at all, as your lungs expand backward
towards your spine.
3. As you inhale, relax your shoulders. Allow your shoulder blades to spread away
from your spine as you let your ribs and shoulders soften and move sideways. This
action will release some of the anatomical bindings that prevent your lungs from
fully expanding.
4. As you exhale, try to feel the back of your lungs releasing air, the muscles of your
upper back relaxing and your shoulder blades moving closer towards your spine.
Take your time and make sure you stay well within your comfort zone when your
increased breathing capacity begins to stretch areas inside your body, including
you diaphragm. Stay well within your 70% capacity. You may find that small
sections of different parts of your diaphragm are tighter or looser than others.
When attempting to loosen a tighter part, just breathe into it until it stretches a
Breath and Chi 93
bit more. If you have a loose part, then breathing into it will help it develop
more tone. Your goal is to make your diaphra g m evenly stretched and springy.
Keep in mind that the strength of any bodily movement when you are injured is
keyed by your breathing. In this sense, breath is a double-edged sword. More
breath gives better oxygen, which can help an injury heal faster. Conversely, it
may cause you to unconsciously move the injured area excessively and thereby
retraumatize it and slow your healing process.
If you find that focusing on increasing your breathing increases negative emotions,
such as anger or fear, back off and shorten the duration of each breath. M a k e
sure your emotions smooth out before you refocus on increasing the duration.
5. Do Not Be in a Hurry