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  • The Practice of Ground Differential Relaying

    Cargado por

    Francisco Lagunes
    19 vistas8 páginas
    EL ARTE Y LA CIENCIA DE LAS PROTECCIONES

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    THE PRACTICE OF GROUND DIFFERENTIAL RELAYING

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    EL ARTE Y LA CIENCIA DE LAS PROTECCIONES

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 vistas8 páginas

    The Practice of Ground Differential Relaying

    Cargado por

    Francisco Lagunes
    EL ARTE Y LA CIENCIA DE LAS PROTECCIONES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 8
    N/a, a, aichote, Member 1258 catinphouse Electric Corporation oustom, Texas ‘aaszRAcT snte the baste concepts of ground jon for transformers and Te e an dmportant but seldom used echone Ehat provides # high degree of sensitivity for low laapnitude faults, quick response for ainiaus burning xin faule Level ‘mite paper aldey. of current cransforser 0 8 to help inaure operation of the ground Gieferential scheae. seROMUCION Ground differential relaying provides fase and mnastive ground fault protection for wye connected (tnd grounded electrical. power equipment euch as Fotating generators or pover transferuers. Because 4¢ ie a differencial eyaten, chere 1s no need co incorporate undesirable tine delay or sacrifice sensitivity for the sake of system coordinstion, Thin paper Le divided into three (3) sections: Section i: Explains ground differential relaying for pover exaneformere and generators. Because the purpose of this section Le co provide an understanding of the este ground differential ‘a simple cine overcurrent relay ir used as the ground different{al Felay (device 876). Current {cansforner saturation and other physteal Limitations are not considered in this section Section U1: Beplaing the ground differential using « comercially avatleble product type relay. This fetion illustrates the additional pragnatte fnvolvenene encountered when using = relay specifically designed for this application. Section UL: Perforas che current transformer burden calculations for # commonly eneoucered situstion. 16 {i Imperative chat burden caculations are understood by the relay application engineer. The performance sl romice” of tte calcuacions helps ene the ration of the ground differential schoxe well ap beckeup relaying ‘There are several qualifications that must be vith Line to neutzel loads are not conatdered by this paper Second, the relay applicasion engineer i cautioned t0 adhere Co the application menuale and Snetruction books of the product relay which will be Alscussed in Section II. ‘This 1s necessary to fguarances’ conformance €6 als deeign requirements and possible Limitations. Third, te ts restated that current transforser burden calculations must be perforaed and well Understood or expected performance will be Jeoparaized ane ‘THE PRACTICE OF GROUND DIFFERENTIAL RELAYING Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. PCIC-88-4 L631 WR, E, Conay', JE, Lockwood, Andzows and Newnan, Ine. Houston, ‘Texas sorton 1 ‘ROWER TRANSFORMER SINGLE-ENDED SUBSTATION PROTECTION ‘The zone of ground étfferintial protection for power transformers includes the equipment between’ che power traneformer neutral CT and che secondary main breaker phase CT's, Figures 1 and 2 illustrate simple tine overcurrent relay applied as an 876 device fon # single-ended substation vith a transformer Reutral 400 amp grounding resistor. Relays 51-Cl and 51-62 are eine overcurrent relays connected t a sate neutral CT for current tranaforaer burden consideration, Figure 1 denonatrates the reauleant currents vith a ground fault occurring outside the sone of ground differential protection. Figure 2 represents a ground fault ocovring ineide the ground Gifferencial zone. Tt is iupurtant £0 check the perforaence of the achene for each of these fituacions, ‘The purpons of the 10:1 ratio auxiliary CT is to natch the difference betveen the CT ratios of che ‘power tranaforaey neutral CT and the phase CT’ Notice that the polarity connection of all che CT's is, critical for correct operation of the schon Si-¢1 TRIPS StcomDARY WAIN BREAKER 7 TREPS BoM PRIMARY NO SECORDARY TAT OREARERS THROUGH AK B6 RELAY cr. RATIOS ARE COSEY FOR TLLUSTRATION ‘xpos ENS = TRANSFORMER WEVTRAL C.T. SHCONDARY GF = SYSTEH GROUND FART CURRENT crown FART OVTSIDE zo¥e oF cRoLND DEPFEREST IAL Paotecticn Fione 1 88¢H2661-7/8/0000 002150100 © 198 IEEE During a ground fault outsfae the zone of oroveetfon the transforner neutral CT secondary Current (TINS) 42 equal in sagnitude and phase. engle to. the auxiliary CT secondary current (IAS). TTHS and TAS “chase each ether" around the Loop bracketed by, the currenc transformer secondaries, Since no tripping current {r avaflable co flow through relay 7G. the $76 relay does not operate.” Consequently. the faule 1s cleared by the $1-G1 cine overcurrent relay after a tine delay. Relay 51-Cl 1s set faster than relay 51-G2 and only tripe the secondary breaker: Note that tn Figure 1 ne consideration was give to any Toad curvent that che power transformer way be ‘supplying. This { because Ine to Line Londs covelst of only postive end negacive sequence currents which jum to zero at the phase CT secondary neutral point. Therefore, these load currents do not interfere vith exound Foule relaying, Figure 2 tndleates « ground fault inside the zone of ground Jifferentlal protection. With the faule in this location, current TAS is zero. The extremely high secondary inpedance of the auxiltary CT forces Urs co flow through relay B7G, causing the 676 relay to detect the ground fault and’ operate with 1fetle Uneencional time delay. Relay 876 erips primary and Encondary mein breakers through an 86 lockout relay to ctectively taolate the ground fault, Relays 51-61 Snd51-G2 also sense the ground fault current but do hot operate as they are set slower than 876 SECOMDARY WAIN 2000/5 PHASE CT” i“ rower a ‘TRANSFORMER SECONDARY i . Puast $3)" |rnorecrwve 2] | ecuavs sf wii g FO 3 STURN 10-TURNS AUKILIARY CT atin DIFFERENTIAL PROTHCTION rome 2 Relay S1-Gl ta {ntended to clear ground faults on the lond side of the transformer secondary er that ave outside the cone of a ‘ime overcurrent relay $1-G2 tripe the prinry main breeker, hovever, S1-62 10 set Slower than 87C or S1-Cl for coordination purposes Relay 51-62 is effectively « backup relay to 616 and S1-G1. -2 a ao ~

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