&

<-5)

D]!ZaVbdg
Edg<VWg^Za?#BVgic!eh^Xad\dYZaV 8ddgY^cVYdgV<V^"AZhW^VcVn<V^hEdh^i^jh

IWbWbWYWbb[o^WpkdW[dYk[ijWWjeZWibWif[hiedWicWoeh[iZ[
-+Weigk[[dYk[djh[i$Fh[]djWb[ikij[ZYk|djWil[Y[ii[
^W[dWcehWZe"Z[l[hZWZ"WbebWh]eZ[ikl_ZW5L[h|iYece[b
//"/Z[bei[dYk[ijWZeij[Yedj[ijWgk[kdWeZeil[Y[i$$$
fk[Z[ gk[" Yece ckY^e" jh[i _dYbkie fk[Z[ gk[ Wb]kde j[
Yedj[ij[Yh[egk[dkdYW$O[igk[[bl[hZWZ[heWcehWfWh[Y[
[ddk[ijhWil_ZWiYedXWijWdj[c[dei\h[Yk[dY_WZ[bWgk[dei
f[diWcei$ C_[djhWi jWdje" WcWdj[i" \ebbWc_]ei o del_[j[i
fWiW`[heilWdfWiWdZe$I[hYWfWpZ[h[YedeY[hgki_]d_\_YW[d
dk[ijhWl_ZWYWZWkdeZ[bei^ecXh[iYedbeigk[YecfWhj_cei
Wb]e[i\kdZWc[djWbfWhWfeZ[hl_l_hkdWi[dj_c[djWb_ZWZiWdWo
de[dh[ZWhdei[dbegk[debe[i$
;B7CEH;IJ>;9>E:;$$$
;b [ijkZ_e Yb|i_Ye Z[ HeX[hj Ij[hdX[h] '/.. ieXh[ [b Wceh
Z[ceijh gk[ bWi h[bWY_ed[i i[dj_c[djWb[i gk[ \kdY_edWd
Yedj_[d[djh[i[b[c[djei0fWi_d"_dj_c_ZWZoYecfhec_ie$Feh
fWi_d[dj[dZ[ceideiebWc[dj[[bZ[i[ei[nkWb"i_dejWcX_d
bW_cfehjWdY_WZ[bWfh[i[dY_WZ[bejhe[djkl_ZWfh[i[dY_WjWdje
\i_YWYecefi_Yeb]_YW"WiYeceYedbWi[diWY_dZ[[djh[]Wo
YedjeZeWgk[bbeh[bWY_edWZeYedgk[dk[ijhedel_ei[WWb]k_[d
_cfehjWdj[[ddk[ijhWil_ZWi$:[^[Y^e"kdWXk[dWWdWbe]W[i
bWZ[i[dj_hfWi_dfeh[b\jXebefeh[bZ_i[e$I[dj_hfWi_d
fehjkdel_e[i[nf[h_c[djWh[b]epeZ[Z_i\hkjWhZ[ikfh[i[dY_W
[djkl_ZW$
;b_d]h[Z_[dj[_dj_c_ZWZ i[h[\_[h[WbWYWfWY_ZWZZ[ceijhWhj[Yed
jkdel_eecWh_ZejWbYkWbj[h[iol_Y[l[hiW0Zei^ecXh[igk[
iedWkjdj_Yei[bkdeYed[bejhe"i_dc|iYWhWi"Z_i\hWY[i"i_d
f[hiedW`[i W h[fh[i[djWh" i_d \WdjWicWZWi d_ _dj[djei Z[
_cfh[i_edWhb[WjhWliZ[Wb]egk[de[h[ijc_ice$;iWgko
de [d [b [b[c[dje Yecfhec_ie Yece ckY^ei f_[diWd
[gk_leYWZWc[dj[ ZedZ[ c|i \hWYWiWd YkWdZe \hWYWiWd bWi
h[bWY_ed[i]Woi"$7bWd:emdi(&&+beZ[iYh_X[ckoX_[d[dik
b_XheJ^[L[bl[jHW][0bei^ecXh[i^ecei[nkWb[iWjhWl[iWcei
kdW i[h_[ Z[ [jWfWi gk[" YkWdZe i[ h[ik[bl[d cWb"
[nf[h_c[djWceikdWi[h_[Z[Yh_i_igk["[dckY^WieYWi_ed[i"
Yedbb[lWd [b Z[iWhhebbe Z[ c|iYWhWi W jhWli Z[ bWi YkWb[i
][ij_edWceibWieXh[[nfei_Y_d[ceY_edWbYWkiWZWfeh^WX[h
Yh[Y_Ze[dkdei[djehdeiWbjWc[dj[^ece\X_Yei$Begk[[ikd
_dj[dje Z[ Z[\[dZ[h jk fhef_e [gk_b_Xh_e fi_Ye[ceY_edWb" i[
Yedl_[hj[ [d kd eXij|Ykbe fWhW feZ[h Yedijhk_h h[bWY_ed[i
i[dj_c[djWb[ifb[dWioiWj_i\WYjeh_Wi$$$begk[iedbWiYeiWiDe
[ifei_Xb[l_l_h[bWcehi_beiZeic_[cXheiZ[bWfWh[`Wdei[
 /*

^WdZ[ife`WZeZ[jeZeWgk[bbegk[de[iWkjdj_Yeodei[^Wd
WY[fjWZeYecebegk[ied0i[h[i^kcWdeiYedikibkY[i$$$oYed
ikiiecXhWi$
Fehbj_ce"[b[b[c[djeYecfhec_iede^WY[h[\[h[dY_WWd_d]d
j_feZ[eXb_]WY_d_cfk[ijWZ[iZ[\k[hWi_deWbWlebkdjWZZ[
fh_eh_pWhbeiWYk[hZeifWYjWZeiYedjkdel_efehZ[bWdj[Z[ejhei
WYk[hZei$;bYecfhec_ie jWcX_di[h[\_[h[Wkdfheo[YjeZ[
l_ZWgk[i[i_[dj[YecfWhj_Ze"Yed[bgk[WcXeiei_Z[dj_\_Y|_i
o gk[ ei ]kijW W bei Zei$ KdW h[bWY_d gk[ \kdY_edW [i kdW
h[bWY_d gk[ dkjh[ W YWZW c_[cXhe Z[ bW fWh[`W0 WfehjW
[ijWX_b_ZWZ" i[]kh_ZWZ" jhWdgk_b_ZWZ$ ;d Z[lebkY_d" ^Wo gk[
jhWXW`WhbW"^Wogk[dkjh_hbWh[bWY_dZ[cec[djei[if[Y_Wb[i"Z[
[ijWhfeh[bejhe"Z[^WY[hYeiWi`kdjei$;bYecfhec_iei[h[\_[h[
jWcX_dWkdWl_i_dieXh[[bckdZegk[i[YecfWhj["WkdW
\_beie\Wi_c_bWh"WZeiceZeii[c[`Wdj[iZ[l[hbWh[Wb_ZWZ$BWi
fWh[`Wigk[\kdY_edWd[ij|d\ehcWZWifehf[hiedWigk["[dbe
fhe\kdZe"i[fWh[Y[d$;i_cfei_Xb[gk[\kdY_ed[Z[ejhWcWd[hW$
Fk[Z[ gk[ bei febei efk[ijei i[ WjhW_]Wd fehgk["
_dj[b[YjkWbc[dj["[icko[ij_ckbWdj[YedeY[hkd[ij_beZ[l_ZW
gk[j[h[ikbjWjejWbc[dj[Z[iYedeY_Zef[he"WbWbWh]W"[ijedkdYW
i[ieij_[d[$9ed[bj_[cfe"beic_[cXheiZ[bWifWh[`Wij_[dZ[d
W _h h[YeXhWdZe bW WkjedecW gk[ Z_bko[hed [d bei fh_c[hei
cec[djeiZ[bWi[ZkYY_dYkWdZeiWYWibec[`ehZ[j_fWhW
]kijWhb[Wbejhe$;i[djedY[iYkWdZebeifebeiefk[ijeiWdi[
febWh_pWdc|i[dkd_dj[djeZ[Z[\[dZ[hbW_dZ_l_ZkWb_ZWZZ[YWZW
kdeZ[[bbei$BWh[bWY_di[j[hc_dWYedl_hj_[dZe[dkdkdZ_|be]e
Z[iehZeiZedZ[beiZei]h_jWdf[hedkdYW[iYkY^WdWbejhe$$$o
[ije[ijh_iji_cefWhWWcXei$
DE:?=7IGK;;I7CEH"I?DE$$$
Ij[hdX[h] ^_pe kd ]h|\_Ye [b jh_|d]kbe Z[b Wceh" be fk[Z[i
[dYedjhWh[d?dj[hd[jZedZ[[nfh[iWXWl_ikWbc[dj[bWiZ_\[h[dj[i
fei_X_b_ZWZ[iZ[W\[Yje$Feh[`[cfbe"[bWcehhec|dj_Yej_[d[
fWi_d[_dj_c_ZWZ"f[heb[\WbjW[bYecfhec_ie$9kWdZei[ZWd
bei jh[i _d]h[Z_[dj[i" dei [dYedjhWcei Yed be gk[ [b Wkjeh
Z[dec_dWWcehYedikcWZe$Oe"[dc_YedikbjW"kj_b_peejhW
\_]khWYedi_ij[dj[[djh[iYhYkbeigk[i[_dj[hi[YjWdZ[cWd[hW
gk[bWih[]_ed[igk[i[eXj_[d[dYedbWi_dj[hi[YY_ed[i"Z[\_d[d
beij_feiZ[h[bWY_d$$$^Wo^ecXh[i^WY_Wbeigk[ibei_[dj[i
fWi_d"^ecXh[iYedbeigk[YecfWhj[ii[ne[_dj_c_ZWZ"[jY$
;dbW\_]khW'l[h|i[bZ_W]hWcWgk[oekj_b_pefWhWh[fh[i[djWh[b
jh_|d]kbeZ[Ij[hdX[h]obWih[]_ed[igk[Z[\_d[dbeiZ_\[h[dj[i
j_feiZ[h[bWY_d$

/*



&

<-5)70-4)57:

;^\#&#Adhi^edhYZV[ZXidnZaVbdg#

Be gk[ Ij[hdX[h] bbWcW [dYWfh_Y^Wc_[dje" [d dk[ijhW

dec[dYbWjkhWi[hWkdb_]k[Z[kdWdeY^[ekdWcWdj[Yed[b
gk[ibej_[d[ii[ne$;bWceh\Wjke[i[bZ[Zei^ecXh[igk[
YecfWhj[dYWcW"j[Y^eo\WYjkhWif[hegk[decWdj_[d[dd_d]d
j_feZ[Yecfb_Y_ZWZc|iWbb|Z[bi[neogk["[d[b\edZe"ied
[njhWei [b kde fWhW [b ejhe$ ;b Wceh hec|dj_Ye jeZei be
YedeY[ceio"WfWhj[Z[bikX_Zdgk[j[fhefehY_edW"[ikdW\[Yje
jWdY[djhWZe[dbW_dc[Z_Wj[pZ[bWgkoW^ehWgk[YWh[Y[Z[
fheo[Yje\kjkheofk[Z[gk[deZkh[c|iZ[begk[Zkh[dbWi
[dZeh\_dWiZ[djheZ[bY[h[XheZ[beiZeijhjebei$

]Woi"feh[bi_cfb[^[Y^eZ[i[h^ecXh[i"ieceickol_ikWb[i$
;ijei_]d_\_YWgk[fh[ijWceickY^WWj[dY_d"Wc[dkZei_di[h
YediY_[dj[iZ[[bbe"WbWif_ijWil_ikWb[igk[deibb[]WdZ[bei
Z[c|i$Dei[jhWjWZ[Z[ZkY_hi_b]WdWc|iec[deiZ_d[he
feh bb[lWh YWc_iWi Yed kd Z[j[hc_dWZe XehZWZ_je ieXh[ [b
Xebi_bbe[ijeii[hWikf[h\_Y_Wb_ZWZ"i_deZ[feZ[hZ[ZkY_hik
]hWZeZ[YWb_Z[pWjhWliZ[ikiedh_iWeik^ed[ij_ZWZWjhWli
Z[ ik c_hWZW Z_h[YjW o jhWdifWh[dj[$ Bei ^ecXh[i feZ[cei
eXj[d[h ckY^W _d\ehcWY_d W jhWli Z[b b[d]kW`[ de l[hXWb"
dk[ijheY[h[XhefWh[Y[[ijWhXWijWdj[[djh[dWZe[d[bbe$Feh
[ie"i_Wb]eeWb]k_[ddedei[djhWfehbeie`eiWc[dkZede
dei _dj[h[iWcei$ ;i Wb]e ikf[h_eh W deiejhei" de feZ[cei
[l_jWhbe$OdefeZ[cei[l_jWhbefehgk[j_[d[gk[l[hYedkdW
YWfWY_ZWZ _ddWjW gk[" i_ bW Yecfh[dZ[cei" l[cei gk[ de
j[d[cei fehgk WXWdZedWhbW d_ YWcX_WhbW$ I[h ]Wo j_[d[
Wb]kdWiYeiWiXk[dWioijW[ikdWZ[[bbWi$Dk[ijhWYed\_WdpW
[ddk[ijhWiYWfWY_ZWZ[iZ[fheY[iWc_[djedel[hXWb[iWb]e
Z[ be gk[ Z[X[hWcei i[h c|i YediY_[dj[i o de i[]k_h
Z[`|dZedei bb[lWh feh Wgk[bbWi Wh]kc[djWY_ed[i gk[ de
[dj_[dZ[dbWYed\_]khWY_dZ[dk[ijheiY[h[Xhei$

;B7CEH;DBEI=7OI$$$
;d bWi fWh[`Wi Z[ ^ecXh[i ^ecei[nkWb[i ik[b[ ZWhi[ kd
fheY[ieXWijWdj[i_c_bWhfWhWjeZei$Be^[h[fh[i[djWZe[dbW
\_]khW(WWZ_[dZeWbZ_W]hWcWWdj[h_ehkdWi\b[Y^WiZ[Yebeh
WpkboZeiYWhWYj[hij_YWi_cfh[iY_dZ_Xb[ifWhWgk[i[fheZkpYW
WlWdY[[d[i[fheY[ie$
8h[l[c[dj["bWcWoehWZ[bWih[bWY_ed[i]Woiik[b[d_d_Y_Whi[W
jhWliZ[bWWjhWYY_d\i_YWo"Z[^[Y^e"i_dei[fheZkY[[ijW
WjhWYY_d[ickofeYefheXWXb[gk[i[_d_Y_[kdWh[bWY_dfeh
[ie" cWhYe bW fWi_d Yed kd '$ 9kWdZe Z_]e WjhWYY_d de
gk_[heZ[Y_h\WiY_dWY_d$De[id[Y[iWh_ej[d[hgk[gk[ZWhi[
eXdkX_bWZefehkd^ecXh[fWhWgk[h[h_d_Y_WhkdWh[bWY_died
b$ :[ ^[Y^e" bW cWoehW Z[ bei del_Wp]ei gk[ \kdY_edWd
[cf_[pWd[djh[Zei^ecXh[igk["YkWdZei[l_[hedf[diWhed
cc"c[]kijW$$Wkdgk[jWcfeYei[WfWhWj_hWhYe^[j[iogk["
jhWilWh_ei[dYk[djheii[nkWb[ioZWhi[Yk[djWZ[gk[bWgkc_YW
\kdY_edWXW[djh[[bbei"[cf[pWhedWdejWhbeWjhWYj_lWgk[[i
$$$[iWWhhk]k_jWgk[i[b[\ehcW[dbeie`eiYkWdZec[c_hWYed
j[hdkhWebe[nY_jWdj[gk[h[ikbjWYkWdZec[iedh[Z[c[Z_e
bWZefehgk[oWigk[ibegk[[ij|jhWcWdZegk[^W]Wcei$
J[d_[dZe[dYk[djWgk[Yececk[ijhW[b]h|\_Ye(fWhWfWiWh
Z[i_cfb[fWi_dWYec[dpWhWYkbj_lWhbW_dj_c_ZWZ[id[Y[iWh_W
ckY^W Yeckd_YWY_d" i[ [dj_[dZ[ gk[ bW fWi_d j[d]W jWdjW
_cfehjWdY_W$9kWdZeZ[i[WceickY^eWWb]k_[d^WijW[bfkdje
Z[gk[h[hfWiWhjWdjej_[cfeWikbWZe"\ehpeiWc[dj[i[\ec[djW
bWYeckd_YWY_do[i[djedY[iYkWdZe[ifei_Xb[YedeY[hi[$Ibe
Wi[ifei_Xb[bb[]WhWbi_]k_[dj[d_l[b[dbWh[bWY_dcWhYWZe
Yedkd(gk[[ikdfkdjeZedZ["WZ[c|iZ[bWjhWYj_le\i_Ye"
[dYedjhWcei[bWjhWYj_lefi_Yeb]_Yeo[ceY_edWbZ[bejhe0WbW
fWi_dgk[deiZ[if_[hjW[i[^ecXh["b[WWZ_cei[bZ_i\hkj[Z[
bW_dj_c_ZWZYedb$
C[]kijWhWckY^efkdjkWb_pWh"\h[dj[Wgk_[d[i\_beie\WdZ[iZ[
bWj[ehWfkhWojedjW"gk[[b^[Y^eZ[gk[bei^ecXh[i]Woi
fh[ij[ceijWdjW_cfehjWdY_WWbWWjhWYY_dded[Y[iWh_Wc[dj[
_cfb_YWkdi[i]eZ[ikf[h\_Y_Wb_ZWZ[ddeiejhei$Bei^ecXh[i
 /*

;^\jgV'#:aegdXZhd]VW^ijVaYZZcVbdgVb^ZcidZcigZYdh]dbWgZh]dbdhZmjVaZh#

9ece i[ l[ [d bW \_]khW (" [b i_]k_[dj[ fWie" [b gk[ bb[lW Wb
\ec[djeZ[bYecfhec_ie"j_[d[gk[l[hYedbWYWfWY_ZWZfWhW
YecfWhj_h"YedZ[i#Y[djhWb_pWhdk[ijhWil_ZWiZ[deiejheic_icei
o h[#Y[djhWb_pWhbWi [d kd dYb[e dk[le gk[" Z[iZ[ W^ehW"
bbWcWcei fWh[`W$ ;i YkWdZe Z[`Wcei Z[ i[h WcWdj[i e
\ebbWc_]ei$$$edel_[j[i$7^ehWieceidel_ei[d[bi[dj_Zec|i
Yb|i_Ye Z[b jhc_de fehgk[ dei ^[cei Yecfhec[j_Ze [d
Yedijhk_h kd fheo[Yje Z[ l_ZW YecfWhj_Ze [d [b gk[ bei Zei
j[d[ceiYWX_ZW"Z[bgk[beiZeigk[h[ceifWhj_Y_fWhofeh[bgk[
beiZeideii[dj_cei_bki_edWZei$;ije[iWi"WiZ[X[i[hode
feZhWi[hZ[d_d]kdWejhWcWd[hW$KdWfWh[`Wgk[\kdY_edWdkjh[
W bei Zei c_[cXhei gk[ bW \ehcWd o" W YWcX_e" oW Yec[dj
Wdj[h_ehc[dj[gk[[hWd[Y[iWh_ejhWXW`WhbW$9cei[jhWXW`W
kdW h[bWY_d Z[ fWh[`W5 8|i_YWc[dj[ W jhWli Z[ Wgk[bbe gk[
bbWcWcei Z[Z_YWY_d0 YecfWhj_h [b [ifWY_e f[hiedWb o bei
fheo[Yjei iWX_[dZe cWdj[d[h bW WkjedecW" ^WY_[dZe Z[ bW
Yedl_l[dY_WkdlWbeh[ddk[ijhWil_ZWi"YebeYWdZeWdk[ijhedel_e
[dkdbk]Whh[b[lWdj[Z[dk[ijhWYej_Z_Wd_ZWZ$:[Z_YWY_di_]d_\_YW
Z[ij_dWh[i\k[hpeiW^WY[hb[cko\[b_p$I_debei_[dj[iWi"i
^ed[ijeoWYWXWYedkdWh[bWY_d[dbWgk[deYehh[ifedZ[io
^ko[ Z[ bWi h[bWY_ed[i [d bWi gk[ de [h[i Yehh[ifedZ_Ze$
:[Z_YWY_ddei_]d_\_YWeXi[i_dobWZ_\[h[dY_W[djh[bWkdWobW
ejhWj_[d[ckY^egk[l[hYed[b[gk_b_Xh_ef[hiedWb"bWYkWb[ikdW
Z[bWiYWhWYj[hij_YWiZ[beiegcX^eZhVojaZh$

:;J;9J7D:EFHD9?F;I7PKB;I$$$
KdWfh[]kdjW0i_l[ikdWY^_YWjkcXWZWXW`ekd|hXeb"f[diWhWi
gk[ i[ jhWjW Z[ bW 8[bbW :khc_[dj[5 X_[d" fk[i [if[he gk[ #
i_]k_[dZebWc_icWh[]bWZ[jh[i#Yecfh[dZWigk[YkWdZekie
[bjhc_defhdY_f[Wpkbc[h[\_[heWkdWc[j|\ehW"Wigk[de
^WY[\WbjWgk[Yec_[dY[iYedWgk[bbeZ[beifhdY_f[iWpkb[ide
[n_ij[d$:_Y^e[ije"[iXk[degk[i[fWigk[kdfhdY_f[Wpkb
kd^ecXh[Yed[bgk[i[fk[Z[Yedijhk_hkdWh[bWY_dfb[dWo
iWj_i\WYjeh_WfWhWWcXeiogk["Yece[idWjkhWb"j[dZh|jWdjei
Z[\[YjeiYecejc_icej_[d[kdWi[h_[Z[YWhWYj[hij_YWigk[
fk[Z[di[hh[YedeY_Xb[i$=hWdjM^[Wjed(&&.[iYh_X_kdb_Xhe
cko Z_l[hj_Ze ieXh[ bWi h[bWY_ed[i [djh[ ^ecXh[i ]Woi$ B[
WlWbWXWik[nf[h_[dY_WYeceZ_h[YjehZ[=WoCWjY^cWa[hkdW
W][dY_WcWjh_ced_WbfWhW^ecXh[i^ecei[nkWb[igk[YedY_[hjW
Y[dWifWhWiebj[hei"[dYk[djhei"Y_jWiogk[jhWXW`WWfWhj_hZ[b
Wd|b_i_i Z[ f[h\_b[i Z[ f[hiedWb_ZWZ$ M^[Wjed" [d kd \ehcWje
i_c_bWhWbZ[beib_XheiZ[WkjeWokZWi_di[hbe"[nfb_YWbWii_[j[
YWhWYj[hij_YWiZ[jeZe^ecXh[Yed[bgk[i[fk[Z[Yedijhk_hkdW
h[bWY_dib_ZW$FehZ[Y_hbeZ[Wb]kdWcWd[hW"[bfhdY_f[Wpkb[i
kd^ecXh[Wkjdj_Ye"gk[l_l[[d[bfh[i[dj["YedkdWc[dj[
\b[n_Xb["[i[gk_b_XhWZe"h[if[jkeie"Yecfhec[j_Zeoj_[d[kdW
WYj_jkZ Z[ W]hWZ[Y_c_[dje Wdj[ bW l_ZW$ :_]e Wkjdj_Ye [d [b
i[dj_Ze Z[ ^ed[ije Yece oW ^[ c[dY_edWZe Wb ^WXbWh Z[b
_d]h[Z_[dj[_dj_c_ZWZofehl_l_h[d[bfh[i[dj[ c[h[\_[heWde
WhhWijhWhceY^_bWiZ[bfWiWZed_l_l_h[dh[ZWZe[d[dieWY_ed[i
ieXh[[b\kjkhei_dbb[lWhWYWXed_d]kdWWYY_dYedYh[jWfWhW
Ykcfb_hikifbWd[i$Kd^ecXh[YedkdWc[dj[\b[n_Xb[ j_[d[iki
fhef_Wi ef_d_ed[i f[he [ij| WX_[hje W bW [nf[h_[dY_W o W
[dh_gk[Y[hi[Yeddk[leiWfh[dZ_pW`[i$;i[gk_b_XhWZe i_][ij_edW
X_[dikj_[cfeiWX_[dZeZWh[ifWY_eWbjhWXW`e"WbWceh"Wbei
Wc_]ei"WbW\Wc_b_W"[jY$Kd^ecXh[h[if[jkeie[ijeb[hWdj["
fWY_[dj[oh[ifediWXb[[iYWfWpZ[ZWhh[ifk[ijWiWbegk[b[
ikY[Z["i_d[if[hWhgk[ejheb[iWgk[bWiYWijWWiZ[b\k[]e$Kd
^ecXh[ Yecfhec[j_Ze [i kd ^ecXh[ gk[ e\h[Y[ Z[Z_YWY_d
jWcX_d ^[ ^WXbWZe Z[ [bbe Wdj[h_ehc[dj[ o ik WYj_jkZ Z[
W]hWZ[Y_c_[dje i[ck[ijhW[dikYWfWY_ZWZZ[Z_i\hkjWhZ[bWi
f[gk[WiYeiWiZ[bWl_ZW$

I_[cfh[ gk[ Yec[dje [ije [d YedikbjW c[ ]kijW WWZ_h kdW
eYjWlWYWhWYj[hij_YWZ[beifhdY_f[iWpkb[i0gk_[h[dWikbWZeW
ejhefhdY_f[Wpkb$BWd_YW\ehcWZ[feZ[hZ[j[YjWhWkd^ecXh[
Yed[bgk[i[Wfei_Xb[Yedijhk_hkdWh[bWY_dib_ZW[i^WY_[dZe
[b jhWXW`e _dj[h_eh gk[ j[ Yehh[ifedZW ^WijW gk[ h[dWi bWi
YWhWYj[hij_YWiZ[kdeZ[[bbei$
;b fhdY_f[ Wpkb [i [b ^ecXh[ `kdje Wb YkWb fk[Z[i Yh[Y[h
_dj[h_ehc[dj[$I_c[fh[]kdjWigk[i[bWceh"j[Yedj[ijWhgk[
[ikdi[dj_c_[djegk[j[^WY[Yh[Y[h"gk[j[WfehjWbW[ijWX_b_ZWZ
d[Y[iWh_W fWhW gk[ [nfbeh[i bW l_ZW Yed Yed\_WdpW$ 9ece
fi_Ybe]eYedi_Z[hegk[[bWceh]kWhZWckY^Wh[bWY_dYed[b
[ij_beZ[Wf[]egk[^[ceiZ[iWhhebbWZe[ddk[ijhW_d\WdY_W$Kd
d_eYedkdWf[]ei[]kheck[ijhWkdh[f[hjeh_eZ[YedZkYjW
[nfbehWjeh_WckY^ec|iWcfb_eo"[if[Y_Wbc[dj[[d[ij[i[dj_Ze"
[iZedZ[[dYk[djhebWi_c_b_jkZYed[bWcehWZkbje$KdYh_j[h_e
gk[feZ[ceikj_b_pWhfWhWiWX[hi_[ijWcei[dkdWh[bWY_dZ[
l[hZWZ[heWceh[igk[[b^[Y^eZ[[ijWh[d[iWh[bWY_ddei
^WY[ i[dj_h c|i i[]khei o Yed\_WZei" c|i WX_[hjei W bW
[nf[h_[dY_W"j[d[ceic|i]WdWiZ[^WY[hfbWd[iobWl_ZWdei
_bki_edW$Begk[dei[W[ije"fk[Z[j[d[hejhedecXh["f[hede
[bZ[Wceh$Fk[Z[i[h[dYeWc_[dje"YWh_eeZ[f[dZ[dY_Woi
gk[Yk[ijWWZc_j_hgk[bWh[bWY_dgk[j[d[ceide[iWcehi_de
Wb]e jn_Ye Yece kdW Z[f[dZ[dY_W W\[Yj_lW$ F[he Z[ [ije
^WXbWh[ceiejheZW$
;bWceh[ikdi[dj_c_[djegk[j[fheo[YjW^WY_W[b\kjkheo"WbW
l[p" i[ Y_c[djW ieXh[ kdW X_e]hW\W X_[d _dj[]hWZW$ ;i kd
i[dj_c_[dje gk[ j[ Z[if_[hjW [ceY_ed[i YWfWY[i Z[ ZWh
_dj[di_ZWZWjkfh[i[dj[$:_i\hjWbei_bej_[d[i$

GZ[ZgZcX^Vh/
9dlch!6#'%%*#I]ZKZakZiGV\Z#EZghZjh7dd`h#8VbWg^Y\Z#
HiZgcWZg\!G#&.--#I]ZIg^Vc\aZd[AdkZ#7Vh^X7dd`h>cX#CZlNdg`#
L]ZVidc!<#'%%-#I]Z,"9Vn9Vi^c\VcYGZaVi^dch]^eEaVc[dg<VnBZc#6anhdc
7dd`h#CZlNdg`#
/*