Things to Remember from Geometry for GHSGT

If two parallel lines are cut Other Quadrilaterals

by a transversal, then … Special Quadrilaterals Trapezoid:
Parallelogram: •Only one set ∥ sides (bases)
• Opposite sides ∥ & = Isosceles Trapezoid:
• opposite ∠s ≅ • ≅ legs
• consecutive ∠s • base ∠s ≅
supplementary • diagonals ≅
• diagonals bisect each other • opposite ∠s supplementary
Rectangle: Kite:
• All characteristics of • 2 pairs of adjacent ≅ sides
Corresponding ∠s are ≅. parallelograms • diagonal from the vertex
∠1≅∠5, ∠2≅∠6, • 4 right ∠s ∠s is ⊥ bisector of the
∠3≅∠7, ∠4≅∠8 • ≅ diagonals other diagonal & ∠
Alternate Interior ∠s are ≅. Rhombus: bisector for the vertex ∠s
∠3≅∠6, ∠4≅∠5 • All characteristics of •Non-vertex ∠s ≅ Polygons
Alternate Exterior ∠s are ≅. parallelograms
∠1≅∠8, ∠2≅∠7 • 4 ≅ sides Slope Formula Interior ∠s:
y y Exterior ∠s:
Consecutive ∠s are • Diagonals ⊥ m  x2  x1 Sum of interior ∠s =
Sum of exterior ∠s = 360°
supplementary. • Diagonals bisect ∠s 2 1 180(n − 2)
Square: Slope-Intercept Form Each exterior ∠ (regular)
m∠3+m∠5=180, Each interior ∠ (regular) =
• All characteristics of y = mx + b = 360 ÷ n
m∠4+m∠6=180 Point-Slope Formula 180(n-2)
rectangles,& rhombi n
(y – y1) = m(x- x1)

Triangle Inequalities: Proving Triangles Congruent Points of Concurrency

Classifying Triangles SSS SAS Naming Polygons
∙Sum of the lengths of any 2 By Sides: ASA AAS triangle – 3 sides
sides of a Δ is > the length of Scalene – no congruent sides HL (right triangles only) Centroid: Medians quadrilateral – 4 sides
the 3rd side. Isosceles – 2 congruent sides NO donkey theorem (SSA) (from vertex to midpoint) pentagon – 5 sides
∙Longest side of a Δ is opposite Equilateral – 3 congruent sides or car insurance (AAA) Center of Gravity/ hexagon – 6 sides
the largest ∠. *CPCTC (use after the triangles are ≅). Balance Point
By Angles: heptagon – 7 sides
Acute – all acute angles Proving Similar Triangles Incenter: Angle Bisectors octagon – 8 sides
Pythagorean Theorem Right – one right angle AA, SSS, SAS Equal distance from all sides decagon – 10 sides
a2 + b2 = c2 Obtuse – one obtuse angle *Corresponding sides of similar Circumcenter: dodecagon – 12 sides
•a and b are legs triangles are proportional.
Perpendicular Bisectors
• c is always the hypotenuse
(side opposite the right angle) Distance Formula: Regular: all angles are ≅ and Equal distance from all Concave
Converse:
If the sides of a triangle
x x1    y2  y1 
2
2 2
 all sides are ≅.
Equiangular:
vertices
Orthocenter: Altitudes
(a place to hide)

satisfy a2 + b2 = c2, Midpoint Formula all angles are ≅. (perpendicular & can be Convex
no diagonals
then the ∆ is a right triangle. Equilateral: all sides are ≅. outside the ∆).
lying outside
 Things to Remember from Geometry for GHSGT
Conditional Statements Special Right Triangles Trigonometric Ratios Spheres Sector Area
If – hypothesis; opposite leg arc measure sec tor area
sin θ = 
Then – conclusion
hyp = leg * √2
hypotenuse 360o r 2
p→q
Converse: switch if and then leg = hyp ÷ √2 adjacent leg Arc Length
cos θ = arc measure arc length
q→p 
2r
multiply → hypotenuse
Inverse: negate if and then make it bigger 360o
~p → ~q divide → opposite leg Circles
tan θ = Conics (Circle Equations):
Contrapositive: negate the make it smaller adjacent leg center at (0,0)
converse

opposite leg
x2 + y2 = r2
~q → ~p hypotenuse = short leg * 2 A= C = dπ center at (h, k)
(contrapositive has the same short leg = hypotenuse ÷ 2 θ πr2 = 2πr (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2
truth value as the original long leg = short leg * √3 adjacent leg
statement) short leg = long leg ÷ √3 *To find the angle, use 2nd key. **r is the radius

Segment Lengths Arc and Angle Measures Other circle theorems

A radius or
2 intersecting chords VERTEX ON THE CIRCLE diameter
tangent = tangent VERTEX IS THE CENTER Angle formed by 2 chords or perpendicular
part ∙ part = part ∙ part central angle = intercepted arc chord/secant & tangent to a chord
“Hat” Rule
angle = half arc bisects the
arc = 2 * angle A radius & chord & its arc.
35° tangent
35°
intersect at
the point of
tangency to
form a right
angle.
VERTEX IN THE CIRCLE VERTEX OUTSIDE THE CIRCLE
Angle formed by 2 chords Angle formed by 2 tangents, or 2 2 inscribed
angle = half the sum of arcs secants, or tangent/secant ∠s that
angle = half the difference of arcs
40°
70°
intercept
150° the same arc
are ≅.
80° 100° 260°

Angles
inscribed in a
Perimeter All vertical ∠s are ≅. 3
minor arc – named with 2 letters – < 180°
semicircle
major arc – named with 3 letters – > 180°
the distance around ∠1 ≅ ∠2; ∠3 ≅ ∠4 1 2 Sum of all ∠s in a circle = 360° are right ∠s.
(add all sides) 4 semicircle = 180°