Dictionary of Literary Biography® + Volume Three Hundred Thirty-Seven Castilian Writers, 1200-1400 George D. Greenia College of William and Mary and Frank A, Dominguez University of North Carolina at Chapel Fill A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book THOMSON GALEWORKS: Anonymous, Gesta Comitum Barcinomensiam et ‘Regun Aragone (1208-1276) Bidition: Geste Comitun Barcnononsim, textos Ut i cata edits i anata, edited by L.. BarrauDihigo and Jaime Massé ‘Torrents (Barcelona: Imprenta T de la casa de caritat, 1925). Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Breviariim Hitorie Cathliee {before 1214) ‘Manuscripts: Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de El Escorial, MS. X.110; Biblioceca Universitaria de Madrid, MS. 138; Biblioteca Provincial de ‘Toledo, MSS. 54-57, eighteenth century: Modern edition: Roderid Nimenit de Rada Opera Onis, edited by Joan Femndadex Valverde, Cor pus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis, vol lume 72, part 2 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1992) Lucas de Tay, Lider de Miceli Sect deri (citea 1223) Manuscript: Archivo de San Isidoro, Leén, eSdice no, LXIL Modern edition: “Liber de Miraculis Sanct Is dori,” in Sancti Martin’ Legonensis Pesyteri et Cenen- ic Regulars, Oris Sane Augustin, in Regi» Cenabio Leginensi D, Iioro Hipalensi Saco: Opera Onnia, | edited by JacquesPaul Migne, Patrologia Latina, volume 208 (Paris: Migne, 1858), cols. 9-24, Edition: Libro dels miragls [si] de San Biro ago | bispo de Scilla, prinado y dacorexcelleajtsino de las Expaias sucesor del aeatel Santiago en ellas: cof] la Ipstria de su vida y fn y desu trasladaio y del ginsy dor Sfanfto Martina sw canons et coffpanero, en fue] cfeton a] muchas eas devats et puchosas pa 1a coffin: para saber las antiguidades de Exp, translated by Juan de Robles Salamanca: Alonso Porras, Lorengo de Lion Dedey, 1525) | Edition in modern Spanish: Milagres de Son li- | dare, ranslated by Juan de Robles, edited by Julio | Pérez Llamazares, introduction by Anionio | Vifiayo Gonzélez (Leén: Universidad de Leén, | Sccretariado de Publicaciones/Cétedra de San Is [ doro de a Res! Colegiata de Leén, 1992) Laces de Tuy, Vita Son Martin Legis (circa 1290) ditions: Lio del mirage ic) de Son Ir rg Latin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain Manuel Alejandro Rodriguez de la Petia Universidad Autinoma de Madrid bispo de Seuila, prinado y decor exelleatisimo de las Expats sucessor del apstl Santiago en elles: cof) la Iystoria de su vida y fn y desu trasladacio y del gliso doctor S[anfto Martino su canonis et cofnfpanero, en glue] scofnfton a) muchas casas dota et puechoas pa a cofafincas para saber las antguidades de Expatica, translated by Juan de Robles (Salamanca: Alonso Porras, Lorengo de Lion Dedey, 1525); Santo Mar- tino de Leén: Vida y obras narradas por el Tidewe, edited by Antonio Vinayo Gonzdlez (Leén: Edito rial Isidoriana, 1984); Santo Martino de Lan (1130— 1203): Vida, prlogos y eplogos parenéticas de sus tata dss, edited by Antonio Vitayo Gonziler (Leén Editorial Isdoriana, 2002) Lucas de Tuy, Chronicon mani (citca 1286) ‘Manuscripts: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, MSS. 10441 (olin Toledo 27-28) and 898; Biblioteca de Palacio, Madrid, MS. 2-C:3; Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon, MS. 353; Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, MS. G-2; Biblioteca Universitaria Sala mance, MSS. 208 and 2248; Biblioteca San Isi doro, Leén, MSS. 20 and 41; Vatican Library, Rome, MS. lat. 7004; Kungliga Biblioteket, Stock holm, MS. D 1272a Early edition: Hiypaniae Mastratae Srptres, edited by Andreas Schott, 4 volumes (Frankfurt am Main, 1608), IV: 1-116. Edition in Spanish: Crinica de Expata por Lucas, whipo de Tig, edited by Julio Payol (Madrid: Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, 1926). Modern editions: Obra sacada de las erica de Sant Kidoro, arcebispo de Seile, edited by Regina af Gei Jetstam and Cynthia M. Wasick (Madison, Wis Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1988): Olga Valdés Garcia, El “Chronzon Mundi” de Lucas Ti Galamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, 1999 {microform); Lucae Tidensis Chronicon mundi, edited by Emma Falgue Rey, in Lueae Tidensis Opera ‘omia, volume 1 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2003} de Soria(?), Chrniza Latioa Regum Castlae (circa 1236) Manuscript: Biblioteca de la Real Academia de la JuanLatin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain DLB 337 Historia, Madrid, MS. 9/450 (olin G-1), folios 89 122, Editions: Georges Cirot, “Une Chronique latine inédite des rois de Castille (1236)," Bulletin Higa nique, 22 (1920): 1-153; Crénica Latina de los Rees cde Castilla, edited and translated into Spanish by Lnis Charlo Brea (Cadiz: Servicio de Publica: ciones de la Universidad, 1984; revised edition, Madrid: Akal, 1999); Chromiza Latina, in Texts ‘Medicoales, volume 11, edited by Marfa Desam: parados Cabanes (Saragossa: Amibar, 1985); Cronica hispona soecli XII, edited by Luis Charlo Brea, Juan A. Estévez Sola, and Rocio Carande Herrero, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis, volume 73 (Turmhout: Brepols, 1997), pp. 9-118. Edition in English: The Latin Chronicle ofthe Kings of Spa, edited by Joseph F. O'Callaghan (Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2002), iménex de Rada, Historia de rebus Hispaniae sve historia Gothic (circa 1243) ‘Manuscripts: Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de El Escorial, MS. G.1V.12; Biblioteca Universitaria de Madrid, MS. 143; Biblioteca Publica de Cér- doba, MS. 131. First publication: De rebus Hispaniae (Granada: Sancho de Nebrija, 1545). Edition: Pairum Toletanorum quotquct extant opera, volume 3, edited by Cardinal F. de Lorenzana (Madrid, 1793), pp. 1-208; republished in Rederia Toleteni Antisits Opera, edited by Maria Desam: parados Cabanes (Valencia: Antibar, 1968) Standard edition: Roderic Ximonii de Rada Opera Onaia, edited by Juan Fernandez Valverde, Cor pus Christianoram Continuatio Medievalis, vol ume 72, part 1 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1987). Editions in Spanish: Historia de las hechos de Expara, edited by Juan Ferndnder Valverde (Madrid: Alianza, 1989); Crinica: “Additions” a “De rebus hispanie” de Rodrigo Jinéner de Rada, edited and translated into Spanish by Benito Morer de Torla, Juan Fernéndez Valverde, and ‘Juan Antonio Estéver Sola (Huesca: Instituto de Estudios Aktoaragoneses / Saragossa: Prensas Universitarias de Zaragora, 2002). Jiménez de Rada, Hiitoia Romanoram; Hitria Huamorm, Vandalorum et Succoram, Alanorum at Silingoran; Fis ‘oria Ostrogothorum (81 March 1243) Manuscripts: Real Biblioteca de El Escorial, MS. C.1V.12; Biblioteca Universitaria de Madrid, MS. 143; Biblioteca Piblica de Gérdoba, MS. 131 Early editions: Rerum in Hania Gestaram Chr «on, edited by Sancho de Nebrija (Granada, 1545); De rebus Hispania, in. Hispaniae Mustraae, volume 2, edited by Andreas Schott (Frankfurt am Main, 1603); De rebus Hispanize, edited by Cardinal F. de Lorenzana, in Sancorem Patrum Toletanorem Opera, volume 3 (Madrid, 1793). Standard edition: Historia Romanorum; Historia Haroram, Vandalorum et Suevoran, Alanoram at Sil gorum; Historia Ostrogothorum, edited by Juan Ferndndez Valverde, Corpus Christianorum Con: tinuatio mediaeval, Volume 72C (Turnhout Brepols, 1999). Jiménez de Rada, Historia Arabuom (circa 1245) Manuscripts: Catedral de Segorbe, MS. G.l; Biblioteca Capitular de Toledo, MS. 27-26. First publication: Hitoria Arabum, edited by | ‘Andreas Schott, in Hisganive Mlstratae, volume 2 | (Frankfurt am Main, 1603) Editions: Terith al-Muslinins Min sahib shartat | Bilan Abi al-Qgiin Muhammad ilé al-dowlah cb Atabakiyah, edited by Thomas Erpenius and aco bus Golius (Leiden: Typographia Erpeniana Lin- guarum Orientalium, 1625); Moria Arabon, in Roderici Ximenii de Rada, Thletonae eclesiae pracst 4s, opera praccbua completers, edited by Francisco Antonio Lorenzana (Madrid: Tochimi Tharra 1793); republished as Roderic Tletani Anis Opera, edited by Maria Desamparados Cabanes (Valencia: Antibar, 1968) Modern editions: Historia Arabum, edited by ‘J. Lozano Sanchez (Seville: Secretariado de Publi ‘caciones de la Universidad de Sevilla, 1974); His toria Arabum, edited by Juan Fernénder Valverde, in Roderic Ximenit de Rada opera omnia, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis, volumt 72, part 2 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1992) ‘Juan Gil de Zamora, De Preanis Hispaniae (ica 1278 1282) Manuscripts: Bibliothtque Nationale, Paty MSS. nouvelle acq, latin 175 and latin 12928 Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de El Escorial MS. QUIZ; Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, MSS 6353 and 1348; Biblioteca de Palacio, Mads MS. 1091, Edition: “Joannes Aegidius Zamorensis, De nils Hishaniae,” edited by Manuel de Castro y tro, thesis, Universidad de Madrid, 1955. Edition in Spanish: “Alsbanza de spats,” § Maremagnum de eseritaras; Didaminis epithalani Libro de las pervnas ilustes; Rormacisn del pri edited and translated by JoséLuis Ms (Zamora: Ayuntamiento de Zamora, 1995). Gil de Zamora, Liber Mustrium Pesonarum (circa 1285) Manuscripts: Burgo de Osma Biblioteca Capi lar 18 (fragment); Biblioteca de Palacio, MaLatin DLB 337 Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain ‘MS. 11. 1903411. 1347, Edition: F. Fite, “Biografias de San Fernando y de Alfonso el Sabio por Gil de Zamora,” Boletin dela Real Academia de la Historia, 5 (1884): 321-323, Edition in Spanish: “Libro de las personas ilus tres,” in Maremagnin de escrituras; Dicamins epitha- lamin; Libro de las personas iusres; Formacién del brine, edited and translated by José-Luis Martin (Zamora: Ayuntamiento de Zamora, 1998). Jofté de Loaysa, Chronze (circa 1305) Manuscript: Bibliothéque de Arsenal, Paris, MS. 982, folios 92v-97s. Editions: Antonio Morel-Fatio, “Chronique des Rois de Castile,” Bibliotheque de UEzole des Chartes, 59 (1898): 325-378; Cronica, edited by Agustin Ubieto Arteta (Valencia: Amtbar, 1971), Edition in Spanish: Crinice de los res de Castilla Femando Hl, Aifenso X, Sancho WV y Femendo 1V (1248-1305), translated by Antonio Garcia Mar tinea, second edition (Murcia: Academia Alfonso X el Sabio, 1982). Anonymous, Chroniaa de San Juan de la Pea (circa 1369- 1372) Manuscripts: Biblioteca Capitular de la Catedral de Valencia, MS. 198, fourteenth century; Biblio: teca Nacional, Madrid, MS. 18080, folios 151 228, fourteenth century, and 1684, end of four teenth or beginning of fifteenth century. Edition: Crini de San Juan de la Peia, edited by A. Ubieto Arteta (Valencia: Graf Bautista, 1961). Edition in English: The Chronicle of San Fuan de la Pei: A Fourteenth-Contury Official History of the Crown of Aragon, translated by Lynn H, Nelson (Philade!- phia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991). ‘Throughout the eleventh and welfth centuries the kingdoms of Leén and Castile, Aragon, and Navarre were the poor relations of their northern neigh- bors in chronicle production. The monastic scriptoria of France and England hummed with activity, but per insular historiography languished; for example, no Latin chronicle was produced in the kingdom of Leén and Castile after the Clroniza Nairense (1169-1174, Chronicle of Najera) until the 1230s. Then, in a span of less than ten years, the situation was transformed by the appearance of three Latin chronicles: Lucas de Tuy’s Ghroncon Mundi (circa 1236, Chronicle of the World); the anonymous Chronica Latina Regum Castellae (circa 1236, Latin Chronicle of the Kings of Castile), attrib uted to Juan de Soria; and Rodrigo Jiméner de Rada’s Hitoria de rebus Hlipaniae sve Historia Gothica (1243, His- (ory of the Aflais of Spain or History of the Goths). The transformation coincided with the acceleration of the reconquest of Andalusia and with cultural stirrings 327 evidenced by the development of the mester de cerecia {art of clerics) style in poetry and the foundation of the universities of Palencia and Salamanca, It would be difficult to exaggerate the importance of these three authors and their Latin chronicles: they mark a qualitative and quantitative break with the dry, annalistic treatment of earlier peninsular experiments in the genre. The works of Lucas and Jiménez de Rada, in particular, forged a path for the vernacular historiogra- phy promoted by King Alfonso X ef Sabio (the Learned). Without these episcopal forerunners, the Alfonsine Estonia de Espara (circa 1270-circa 1284, His tory of Spain) and Genera exria (circa 1272-circa 1280, General History or History of the World) would have been inconceivable, All three authors were closely asso: ciated with their reigning kings, and their chronicles serve those kings’ causes. The language in which they were written limited their circulation to a learned public and did not secure any significant diffusion for them beyond the Pyrenees. Lucas's Chronion mundi was the frst to be com: pleted, His reputation has undergone a wholesale reha bilitation; far from the rustic simpleton and purveyor of iiracle stories characterized by Benito Sancher Alonso in 1941 and Francisco J. Ferndndez Conde in 1987, he has been shown to have been a subtle writer possessed ofa calculating mind and a man of cosmopolitan cul ture uncommon among the peninsular prelates of his day, Although the reevaluation of his work is still in progress and will be much advanced by Emma Falque Rey's 2003 edition of his chronicle, there is already @ general appreciation of his skill in falsifying the histori cal record-his almost Machiavellian capacity for manip- ulating, as well as inventing, sources to serve the present interests of the kingdom of Leéa and to pre serve its identity inthe immediate aftermath of its reuni- fication with Castile in 1230. His propagandistic purpose has been characterized by Peter Linehan as a form of historiographical terrorism against the hege- monic ambitions of the kingdom of Castile and the church of Toledo. Litle is known about Lucas's life; it is not even clear that he was Spanish. Linehan suggests that he may hhave been one of the French or Italian scholars recruited by King Alfonso VIII of Castile to staff the university of Palencia, and he questions Henrique Hlérez’s claim (1767) that before being elected bishop of Tuy, Lucas was magiter solarum {master of scholars) in Palencia. Lucas himself only mentions in his De allera vita (1236, On the Second Life) that he journeyed to Paris and to Rome sometime before 1234. Whatever his origins might have been, Lucas's devotion to the kingdom and the city of Leén is plain. As deacon of the church of San Isidoro he compiled aLatin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain DLB 337 collection of miraces performed by the patron saint of the church (ciea 1223), Sometime after 1230 the widow of Alfonso IX of Lebn, Queen Berenguela, com- missioned him o wit his chronicle, He completed this task in or afer 1236, the year Berengucla’s son Fernando Ill conquered Cordova, For Lucas that event signaled the dels of Spanish Islam and the expunging ofthe shame of pain. For him Fernando IIL was, there fore, a “blessed king” Lucas declaes in the prologue to the Chri, mundi that St. sdore the historian is the model for the first thre book ofthe work, covering the period from the Creation othe Vsgots, although in book 3 he also makes use of other sources. With the purpose of falsifying the pst fr contemporary purposes, Lucas Stroduces into the text of Isidore's “Praise of Spain” an equally expansive prise of Ledn, the “patria et civitas” homeland ad capital) and cradle of martyrs. In book 4, dealing with developments since 711, Lucas comes ‘nto his own by supplementing with his fertile imagina tion the reduced aunber of sources available and cre ates a history directed against a nobility that he sees as perennially nent on destroying the king's peace; against Castle, which is forever “bellatrix” (warlike) because, imbued by the subversive spirit of the same nobility, t confons “felis” (faithful) Leén; and against Ted Jiménez de Rada has long been regarded as the most important and influential Latin chronicler of medi eval Spain and the chief ideologist of the Castilian cour. Although of Navarrese origin and, according to tradition, an alumnus of che universities of Paris and Bologna, he made hs mark in Castile as royal prelate in the service of Alfonso VIT and Fernando If and as oom 1208 until his death in 1247. n reformer, he was lukewarm in his enthusiasm for the implementation of the moral reforms ofthe Founh Lateran Council of 1215 and was disgraced t Rome for speculating in Crusade revenues. An early work ofinénez de Rada’s is the monu mental Braioitn hitrize athlicae (before 1214, Bre- viary of Catholic History), a biblical history in nine books covering the period between the Creation and 5,198 years lat, Chris’ Passion on 25 March of the year 33 (Jesus was thought to have died on 25 March Just as he had been conceived on 25 March; this notion explains why Chrismas comes exactly nine months afer the 25 March Feast ofthe Annunciation), Jiménez de Rada clsly follows Peter Comestor’s Hitoriasco- lasta (crea 1170, Scholastic History). Jiménez de Rada's editor Juan Fernindez Valverde suggests that the Broiaruw ktracathlzae was designed co provide carlythtteenthcentury Spain with the benefits of Pat: 328 sian theological scholarship. To judge by its extremely Tnited manuscript diffusion, it was not a best-seller. Linehan and Georges Martin describe Jiménez de Rada’s historiographical activities as being in the ser vice of Castile and against the Leonese objectives. Line. hhan suggests that Jiménez de Rada became aware of Lucas’s chronicle ‘and its explosive content in 1239, when one of his agents visited San Isidoro de Leén in search of evidence for a legal case against the arch: bishop of Tarragona. Jiménez de Rada decided to refute Lucas’s Chronicon mundi by using it as the main source for his Historia de rebus Hispaniae sive Historia Gothica. Ferndnder Valverde states that the Chronion mundi “served him as the armature of his narrative onto which he grafted all the rest, and in that way he kept in play multiple versions of his tale from which he could select what he found most convincing.” Jiménez de Rada’s objective was to harmonize the neo-Gothic ideal of pracclara Gothorum posteitas (the preeminent Visigothic heritage) with the ambitions of Castile tobe the “eabeca del reinado” (head of the kingdom) and of the church of Toledo to be the peninsula's most important see. Although no less preoccupied than Lucas with the ‘Visigoths, he eschews his predecessor's ostensibly uni versal schema in favor of one that provides room for genealogies of the rulers of Navarre, Aragon, and Por tugal to emphasize the hegemony of the kingdom of Castile and, by extension, of its ecclesiastical counter pan, the church of Toledo. The Historia derebus Hispaniae sve Historia Gothic, a work composed, in its author's own words, in response to Fernando IIIs request for an account of Spanish antiguitas (ancient history), took on the character of @ story of srenutas (vitality, fortitude) lost and found, of the patria (homeland, nation) perishing and then reviv- ing through feats of patriotism, and of the protocol of the Gothic revival. Castile’s rulers are Jiménez de Rada’s ideal monarchs. They are characterized, above all, by their sqpientia (wisdom) and their strenuitas, with Alfonso VIII, the author’s favorite king, presented as @ paradigm in the chapter dedicated to his virtues. As ex officio chancellor of the kingdom, and as an almost obsessive accumulator of papal privileges in his church’s interest, Jiménez de Rada enjoyed unrivaled ‘access to raw materials from which to create a history of the previous century and a half; in striking contrast 10 his English contemporary Matthew Paris, however, he made virtually no use of those materials. He follows LLucas's account for the years prior to 1209, editing it to suit his requirements; for example, he deletes all refer ‘ences to the so-called Division of Wamba and com pletely recasts the legend of the Judges of Castile. He uses Jordanes's Geta (551, Hisiory of the Goths) 10 supply gaps in Isidore’s Historia de regibus Gothoran, VatrLatin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain _ DLB 337 a ereertache fret recolhigt yoru drut, Anjaiirangtiqn ofp : semictmogTarteR stant Tlymtmamra meno fir cavity: fale rennadinghs sennt.apyt peice linecusvtic. cominiegenasauizgiim mid — Efempers NT ppd com amfothar‘epilanpuemafiy ci Siccrmaliquiimqase ois. co qdminn’ cherygiaess — srpne Secti€, sigs obseprns | Nenu pinghoeentereroeqee. —— fellsaninie cuast. fla ig: ge | Sa Cr ee OR warmaterdmtasy Fagieees 00 ° mamuenarmenivine ana. ficients SFY we Ty HiME DE a trex ands fern nde aka ana wie eter | 2 B fea g aoe, | Zaria, gieuaes tele er eenknasi gt ¢ | ce folus ct Ego 1 ym tsp sesaprineiygebica piggies fuer nfaninemiba anna coy tte raredes rofean Nake noni cxphiantelogeecangt heres fives Sean. CHa eu aper. $3 locnerraperi tim | ba el feng geindisamebt bdrm mia papherT. me HIATT oper iniarys mes gtior’ okisces ate Gime fraasLass sist Sirnedtea Bue ay | athe The opening ofa manusribof Rodrigo Fi Rada's Historia de rebus Hispaniae sive historia (Biblioteca Piblia de Cidsbo, MS. 13)Latin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain DLB 337 dalorum et Seavorun (History of the Kings of the Goths Vandals and Suebi}-rebuking that author, in passing, for various omissions—and in Lucas's Chronizon mundi itself. He also makes use of the Chronide of the Moor al-Rasiand French epic material. For the final books of Historia de ebus Hispaniae sive Historia Gothica, covering the years 1209 to 1243, ‘Jiménez de Rada is his own source. The narrative uses the first person singular or plural as he depends largely Con personal recollections of events he had witnessed or, more often than not, dominated, He reports, for exam- ple, that he played a decisive role at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212, strengthening Alfonso VIII's resolve and urging on the counterattack of the victor ous Christian host. For the years 1212 to 1217 Jiménez de Rada’s history remains an essential source to this day. ‘Thereafter the pace of the chronicle slackens; the change coincides with Jiménez de Rada’s momentary fall from grace after the brief reign of the child-king Enrique I, during which the royal chancery had been entirely in his hands. At the end of 1217 supervision of the office was transferred to the chancellor, Juan de Soria, and the archbishop was no longer in a position to further his own church’s interests. After that year, ‘Jiménez de Rada’s main area of activity was outside royal government. The ninth and final book of the chronicle is slightly briefer than its predecessors, and its treatment of Fernando III is markedly cooler than that of Alfonso VIII in the earlier books. Jiménez de Rada also wrote historical sketches of the successive inhabitants of Spanish soil: the Historia Roman- onan (1248, History of the Romans), which is intresting only for its toponymical conten; the ffteen-chapter Historia Hexnorun, Vendalorum, Suevorion, Alanorum et Silngorum (1243, History of the Huns, Vandals and Sueves, Alans and Silingues), derived from Jordanes and St. Isidore; the Historia Ostrgotkonen (1243, History of the Ostrogoths); and the Historia Arabum (circa 1245, His tory of the Arabs). His final work, the Historia Arabum is remarkable for displaying the author's knowledge of Arabiclanguage sources and for being the earliest aecount of al-Andalus (Moorish Spain) from the pen of a peninsular ecclesiastic. A question that has not been settled is whether Jiménez de Rada was in any real sense the author of this work or of any of the others attributed to him. Linehan notes that he may have exer- cised a general supervision over his writings as Alfonso X d Sabi did in the following generation. ‘The unique manuscript of the third Latin history, the Chronica Latina Regum Castellae, lacks both a prologue and an indication of authorship. Various authors have been proposed since Georges Cirot discovered the manuscript in 1912, Derek W. Lomax’s review of the 330 question in 1963 established thatthe critical consensus favored Juan de Soria, Fernando II's chancellor and successively bishop of Osma and of Burgos, although in 1995 Luis Charlo Brea suggested stylistic reasons for attributing the final chapters to a second author. After a rapid review of the first two centuries of Casilian history, beginning with the death of Femda Gonzalez and—surprisingly failing to include his deeds, the Chronica Latina Regun Castellae dedicates sixty-seven of its seventy-five chapters 10 the eighty-year period between the accession of the “nobilis et gloriosus? {aoble and glorious) Alfonso VIII and the conquest of Cordova. The narrative concludes in 1236, the same ‘year as Lucas’s. Described by Lucas as “sapientissimus” (Gighly learned), Juan possessed a fluent Latin style and brought to his task knowledge not only of the Bible but also of Horace, Virgil, Lucan, and, perhaps, Seneca, His preoccupation with uncanonical royal marviages| (that is, those that were classified by the Church as incestuous) reveals a degree of sensitivity to papal reform not evident in the work of Jiménez de Rada, with whom he attended the Fourth Lateran Council, ‘What particularly distinguishes this chronicle is the firsthand knowledge it displays of Fernando IIL activities. When Juan embarked on it in 1223, he was in charge of the king's chancery and was therefore able 9 refer to the texts of treaties, wills, and other government — records. For example, he reports verbatim Femando's speech of 1224 announcing the resumption of military action in al-Andalus. While he does not disguise his hostility toward Alfonso IX of Leén, his vision rises above narrow peninsular prejudice to encompass the wider world: Fernando's victories are characterized as blows struck for the “exaltation of the name of Jesus Christ” rather than for the aggrandizement of the king: dom of Castile. It is not known whether Juan, who introduced the use of the vernacular to the Castilian chancery, chose to write his chronicle in Latin to reach) wider audience. In any case, the Chronica Latina Regumt Castlac is not one of the sources of the Alfonsine 1t Strictly speaking, the De frecnis Hispaniae (1278- 1282, The Glories of Spain) of Juan Gil de Zamora is not a work of history but a didactic treatise for the instruction of the Infante Sancho, to whom it is dedi cated, But it includes a huge number of historical exem plars for the prince to emulate, including Aristotle, who is claimed to have been a Spaniard. His Liber illustra ‘personarun (circa 1285, Book of Illustrious Persons) is @ series of biographies and hagiographies of notable fig ures of the Spanish past, including Fernando IIT and Alfonso X. ‘The Chronica (circa 1305) of Jofré de Loaysa was | conceived as a continuation of Jiménez de Rada’s HiteLatin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain by de rebus Hispania sive Historia Gothia and covers the ears 1243 to 1305. Originally written “in romancio” fa romance), it was translated into Latin at Jofré’s fequest by Armandus de Cremona, canon of Toledo. The son of a Catalan knight of the same name, who fad come to Castle as a member of the household of ‘Alfonso X's wile, Violante of Aragon, Jof'é served in {he royal chancery and on diplomatic missions abroad mod afr lengthy litigation secured the valuable arch- Geaconry of Toledo. In 1282 he abandoned Alfonso X n favor of the rebellious Infante Sancho, Writing dur- the anarchical minority of Sancho’s son, Femando / he laments in equal measure the irresponsibility of Gancho's imperial aspirations and the early death in § of Femando. A civil servant par excellence, he is farcful otherwise not to reveal where his sympathies ie His other principal loyalty was to the church of Teledo, whose pretensions to the primateship receive his jalified support. As a close collaborator of the arch- ‘of Toledo, Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel, Sancho IV's principal minister for much of his reign, Jofré was prob ably involved in that prelate’s campaign to recast the “Alfonsine Eitorie de Expaia to magnify Toledo's impor “tance in Spanish history. No copy ofthe original vernac- lar version of the Cronica has survived, and only a Single late manuscript of Armandus’s Latin translation exists. In the Grown of Aragon the Criniaa de San Juan de a Peta (translated as The Chronicle of Sen Jean de la Pa A Fourleenth-Centiay Official History of the Crown of Aragon, 1991) was composed at the behest of Pere IV ef Cere- mis (the Ccrcmonious) between 1369 and 1372, pos | sly to serve as a preamble to the vernacular chronicle of his reign. The original Latin text, together with the © Catalan and Aragonese versions into which it was immediately translated, provided the principal source for Aragonese and Navarrese historiography through: fut the fifteenth century. Ambitious in conception, it "begins with dhe mythical coming of Tubal and a general treatment of the history of Spain borrowed from Jiménez de Rada’s Hisoria de rebus Hispaniae sive Historia Gothia it then concentrates on the deeds of the kings of | Aragon and the counts of Barcelona down to the death of Alfonso IV in 1336. I constitutes the earliest attempt to present the affairs of the separate territories of the Crown of Aragon as constituent parts of a single whole. References: | Luis Charlo Brea, “éUn segundo autor para la tiltima parte de la Crinia Latina de los Rees de Casilla?” in ‘Actas I Congres Nacimal de Latin Medieval: Leén, 1-4 de dicientre de 1993, edited by Mautilio Pérez Gonailez (Le6n: Universidad de Ledn, Secreta ado de Publicaciones, 1995), pp. 251-256; Francisco J. Femdndez Conde, “El bidgrafo contem: pordneo de Santo Martino: Lucas de Tuy,” in Santo Martino de Leon: Ponencas dl I Congreso Interna ional sobre Sento Martino en el VITT centenario de su dra litraria (1185-1985), edited by Antonio Visiayo Gonzdlez (Leén: Isidoriana Editorial, 1987), pp. 303-335; Henrique Free, De la Iglesia de Tiy (Madrid, 1767) Julio Gonzélez, “La erénica latina de los reyes de Casilla” in Homenaje a den Agustin Milares Cars, volume 2 (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Caja Insular de Ahorros de Gran Canaria, 1975), pp. 55-79; Hilda Grassout, “Don Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada, gran sefior y hombre de negocios en la Castilla del s. XIIL” Guademos de Historia de Expaia, 55-36 (1972): 1-302; Francisco J. Hernéndez, “La corte de Fernando Ill y la casa real de Francia: Documentos, crénicas, mon umnetos,” in Rrmando HTy su tiempo (1201-1252) (Avila: Fandacién Sanchéz-Albornoz, 2003), pp. 103-155; Hernénder, “La hora de don Rodrigo,” Cahiers de ine euitique ct de ciliation hispaniques medieales, 26 (2003): 15-71; Hernéndez, “Noticias sobre Jofré de Losisa y Ferran Martine,” Revista Canadiewe de Estudios Hispanics, 4 (1980): 281-309; Hernéndez and Peter Linehan, The Morarabic Cardinal: The Lif and Times of Goralo Perec Guel Florence: SISMEL/Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2004); Peter Linehan, “Dates and Doubts about D, Lucas,” Cahiers de lingvstique et de cilisation higaniques Mééiévles, 24 (2001); 201-217; Linehan, History and the Historians of Medieval Spain (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993); Linehan, “On Further Thought: Lucas of Tuy, Rodrigo of Toledo and the Alfonsine Histories,” Anuario de Estudios Medevales, 27 (1997): 415-435: than, Past and Present in Medical Spain (Aldershot, UXK.: Variorum | Brookfield, Vt: Ashgate, 1992); Linehan, “Reflexiones sobre historiografia e historia en al siglo alfonsino,” Cahiers de Lingustique Hispaigue Médkiale, 23 (2000): 101-1115, Derek W. Lomax, “The Authorship of the Cironigue Lative des ros de Castill;” Bulletin of Hispanic Stacis, 40 (1963): 205-211; Lomax, “Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada como historiador.” in Actas del Quinto Congreso Internacional de Hispanis tas, edited by Maxime Chevalier (Bordeaux: Insti- tuto de Estudios Ibericos ¢ Tberoamericanos Universidad de Bordeaux III, 1977), pp. 587- 592;Latin Histories and Chronicles of Medieval Spain Georges Martin, Les juges de Castile Mental et disours hitorigue dans TEspagne médiévale (Paris: Klinck- sieck, 1992); Martin, “Luc de Tuy, Rodrigue de Toléde, leurs tradue- teurs et eurs compilateurs alphonsins: Comparai- son segmentaire d'une lexicalisation,” Cabier: de Linguistique Hispaniue Médigvale, 14-15 (1989- 1990): 173-206; Berard F. Reilly, “Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada’s Portrait of Alfonso VI of Leén-Castile in the De Rebus His- {faniae: Historical Methodology in the Thirteenth Century,” Estudias ex hamenaje a D. Claudio Séncea Albornox en sis 90 aias, volume 3 (Buenos Aires: Instituto de Historia de Espafia, 1983), pp. 87-97; Reilly, “Sources of the Fourth Book of Lucas of Tuy’s Chronicon Mund,” Classical Folia, 30 (1976): 127~ 137; Manuel Alejandro Rodrigues de la Pefia, “El paradi de los reyes sabios en el de Rebus Hipariae Rodrigo Jiméner de Rada,” in Sevilla 1248: G gro intemacanal conmemoratvo del 750 aniveriaro Ta conguista dela cuca de Sevilla por Fernando U1, de Casilla Lein, Sevilla, Real Alar, 23-27 de emize de 1998, edited by Manuel Go: Jiménez (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Ramé ‘Areces, 2000), pp. 757-765; Benito Sinchez Alonso, Historia de la hitoringn ‘espaiola, 2 volumes (Madrid: Consejo Superior Investigaciones Gientificas, 1941, 1944); Roger Wright, “Latin and Romance in the Castii Chancery (1180-1230),” Bullen of Hishanic S ies, 73 (1996): 115-128, 332The Golege Of WILLIAME?MARY Prof. George D. Greenia Director Program in Medieval and Renaissance Studies Department of Modern Languages P.0, Box 8795 Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795 October 11, 2000 (04) 221.3676 + Fe (804) 221.3637 xgree@facstaffan.edu Dear Prof. Rodriguez de la Petia: Frank Dominguez and I would like to invite you to be a contributing author to a two-volume encyclopedia on Medieval Spanish Literature to be published by the Dictionary of Literary Biography, Part of the reference holdings of over 2000 libraries in the US and spanning some 260 volumes to date, the DLB is a first point of reference for undergraduate students and professionals in diverse fields, The two volumes will be organized in 35-40 biogrephically keyed articles in English starting with a register of the surviving textual witnesses and modern editions, a biographical assessment that informs the literary produc- tion of the author (if not anonymous), and a select bibliography of key items. Those who prefer to write in Spanish should make arrangements for translation or contact the editors for assistance. Specifically, you would have the following article assignment: Vol. 1, Medieval Spanish Literature 1200-1369 title/subject Latin Chronicles word count honorarium 5,000 $100 ‘The honorarium for your contribution is admittedly no more than a token. The real inducement lies in being able to work as a group to advance medieval Spanish studies in the country. In order to keep this project on schedule we would ask you to sign the attached form and return it to George Greenia by November 1. Con- tracts and complete guidelines will be mailed by November 15 to those accepting this invitation, and at that time we will ask for your suggestions for up to five illustrations (manuscript images, buildings, portraits, etc.) for each entry. Out of these illustrations, the DLB editorial office will make a final selection. Finished text should be submitted, electronically if possible, to George Greenia (Vol. I: Beginnings-1369) or Frank Domir guez (Vol. II: 1369-1504) by March 31, 2001. We will edit the contents of both volumes together even though the initial compilation will be done with one main editor per volume as indicated, A sample 5000-word article on Andreas Capellanus from DLB Vol. 208 is enclosed for your reference. We hhope that you can accept this invitation and we look forward to hearing back from you as soon as possible Warmly, George D. Greenia, College of William & Mary Frank Dominguez, UNC-Chapel Hill Chartered 1693