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INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA
Versión Revisada
Andrés José Alfaro Castillo

Ingeniería Sismológica-Versión Revisada
Copyright © 2019 by Andrés José Alfaro Castillo
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage
and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the copyright
holders, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a
review.
Published in Canada by Art and Literature Mapalé & Publishing Inc.
Alfaro, Andrés
INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA – VERSIÓN REVISADA
Ingeniería Sismológica – Versión Revisada

Authored by Andrés Alfaro
7.0" x 10.0" (17.78 x 25.40 cm)
Black & White on White paper
250 pages
ISBN 978-1-988691-23-7
www.editorialmapale.com

Structural Engineering is the art of molding
materials we do not really understand,
into shapes we cannot really analyze,
so as to withstand forces we cannot really assess,
in such a way that the Public does not really suspect
[R.B. Corotis (Concrete Int (7), 4:42‐49, 1985]
Este libro trata de la mejor estimación de las fuerzas sísmicas
Dedicatoria
A la memoria de mi madre Zoraida Castillo de Alfaro (1936‐2011)
A mi esposa Aura Inés
A mi hija Sara
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Después de más de veinte años trabajando en la Ingeniería

Sismológica, este libro ha sido posible gracias al aporte de mis
profesores, mis colegas, los evaluadores “anónimos” de los
artículos científicos y principalmente al trabajo de mis estudiantes
de pregrado y postgrado. Como se puede ver a lo largo del libro,
las aplicaciones corresponden principalmente a trabajos de
investigación realizados con la colaboración de estudiantes.
Los hallazgos en el campo profesional referentes a estudios de

amenaza sísmica regional, amenaza sísmica local y prospección
geofísica no se incluyen en el libro por razones de propiedad
intelectual.
Quisiera agradecer especialmente a mis profesores: al Padre René

Van Hissenhoven, S.J., al Dr. Mario Ordaz y a la Dra. Sonia Ruiz
de la UNAM; al Dr. Luis Pujades, al Dr. Juan José Egozcue y a la
Dra Arantza Ugalde Aguirre de la Universidad Politécnica de
Cataluña; al Ing. Ricardo Peñaherrera de la Red Sísmica del
Austro Ecuatoriano, a los profesores Takashi Furumura, Robert
Geller, Toshiaki Yokoi, Koichi Hayashi, Tatsuhiko Hara, Yugi Yagi,
T. Takada, Y. Kinugasa, T. Kashima del International Institute of
Seismology and Earthquake Engineering IISEE; al Dr. Camilo
Torres Prada, al Ing. Alvaro Torres Macías, al Ing. Fabio Sánchez
Camargo, al Geólogo José N. Contreras, y a las decenas de
estudiantes que me hicieron preguntas interesantes e inteligentes
en mis años de docencia universitaria.
INGENIERIA SISMOLOGICA
VERSION REVISADA
TABLA DE CONTENIDO
INTRODUCCION 1
1. GEOLOGIA Y SISMOS 5
2. ONDAS SISMICAS 10
3. PROPAGACION DE ONDAS SISMICAS 12
4. DETERMINACION DEL MECANISMO FOCAL 21
5. CONTENIDOS FRECUENCIALES DE LOS SISMOS 27
6. CUANTIFICACION DEL TAMAÑO DE LOS SISMOS 30
7. PROFUNDIDAD DE LOS EVENTOS SISMICOS 45
8. ANALISIS DE COMPLETITUD DEL CATALOGO 48

SISMICO
9. ACELERACION 51
10. ECUACIONES DE ATENUACION DE LA 53

ACELERACION
11. RELACION ENTRE LOS DIFERENTES 65

PARAMETROS SISMICOS
12. SISMOS LENTOS, CALLADOS Y SILENCIOSOS 69
13. EVALUACION PROBABILISTA DE LA AMENAZA 72

SISMICA
14. EVALUACION DETERMINISTA DE LA AMENAZA 87

SISMICA
15. ANALOGÍA GEOLÓGICA Y SISMOLÓGICA PARA 92

REALIZAR ESTUDIOS DE AMENAZA SÍSMICA EN
ZONAS CON INFORMACIÓN ESCASA
16. ESPECTROS SISMICOS DE RESPUESTA 104
17. ESPECTROS SISMICOS DE DISEÑO 106
18. EVALUACION DE EFECTOS SISMICOS LOCALES 108
19. FENOMENOS INDUCIDOS 162
20. EVALUACION DE LA LICUEFACCION 167
21. ESTIMACION DE LA POSIBLE AMPLIFICACION 173

TOPOGRAFICA DE LA SEÑAL SISMICA
REFERENCIAS 177
ANEXO 1 ESCALA DE INTENSIDAD MERCALLI 221

MODIFICADA
ANEXO 2 ESCALA MACROSISMICA EUROPEA 1998 223
ANEXO 3 TABLA EXPLICATORIA DE LA INTENSIDAD JMA 236

(JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY)
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5. CONTENIDOS FRECUENCIALES DE LOS SISMOS 27

6. CUANTIFICACION DEL TAMAÑO DE LOS SISMOS 30

7. PROFUNDIDAD DE LOS EVENTOS SISMICOS 45

8. ANALISIS DE COMPLETITUD DEL CATALOGO 48

10. ECUACIONES DE ATENUACION DE LA 53

11. RELACION ENTRE LOS DIFERENTES 65

12. SISMOS LENTOS, CALLADOS Y SILENCIOSOS 69

13. EVALUACION PROBABILISTA DE LA AMENAZA 72

14. EVALUACION DETERMINISTA DE LA AMENAZA 87

15. ANALOGÍA GEOLÓGICA Y SISMOLÓGICA PARA 92

16. ESPECTROS SISMICOS DE RESPUESTA 104

17. ESPECTROS SISMICOS DE DISEÑO 106

18. EVALUACION DE EFECTOS SISMICOS LOCALES 108

19. FENOMENOS INDUCIDOS 162

20. EVALUACION DE LA LICUEFACCION 167

21. ESTIMACION DE LA POSIBLE AMPLIFICACION 173

ANEXO 1 ESCALA DE INTENSIDAD MERCALLI 221

ANEXO 2 ESCALA MACROSISMICA EUROPEA 1998 223

ANEXO 3 TABLA EXPLICATORIA DE LA INTENSIDAD JMA 236

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 171

172 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 173

174 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 175

176 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 177

178 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 179

180 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 181

182 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 183

184 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 185

186 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 187

188 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 189

190 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 191

192 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 193

194 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 195

196 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 197

198 - ANDRÉS ALFARO

INGENIERÍA SISMOLÓGICA - 199