Basic Rules of Grammar!

1. Subject- The person or thing in a sentence that does an action. Example: My father mailed the letter. 2. Predicate- The part of the sentence that contains the action (verb). Example: My sister and I walked home after school. 3. Object- The person or thing affected by the action of the subject. Example: The baby drank her milk. 4. Sentence- a group of words that makes sense all by itself. A sentence always begins with a capital letter, ends with punctuation mark and contains a subject and predicate. Example: The brown dog chased the ball. 5. Simple Sentence- A sentence with one subject and one predicate. Example: The flower is red. A simple sentence can also have a plural subject and/or a plural predicate. Examples: Plural subject: The two friends went to the store. Plural predicate: The dog jumped and barked. 6. Compound Sentence- A sentence containing two or more simple sentences, joined together by a comma or a conjunction. Example: I like to ride my bike, and play with my dog. 7. Complex Sentence- A sentence consisting of two sentences joined together in a way that one sentence explains the other. Example: I ate my lunch because I was hungry. 8. Declarative Sentence- A sentence that states an opinion or fact. Example: My teacher is nice. My book has 48 pages. 9. Imperative Sentence- A sentence that gives a command. Example: Take home your workbook.; Be kind to your brother. 10. Interrogative Sentence- A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark. Example: How far can you run?; What time is it? 11. Paragraph- One or more sentences in a group related to the same idea or topic. (The first sentence of a paragraph is usually indented.) Example: The name of my school is Madison Elementary School. It is located on Pine Street, just down from my house. It has a large playground and twelve classrooms. It is a great place for children to learn and study. (Note: You need to indent the first line.)

Basic Parts of Speech!

1. Noun- The name of a person, place, thing or idea. Example: teacher, schools, desk, book, language, recess 2. Proper Nouns- The name of a specific/special person, place, or thing. Example: Ms. Smith, Saugus, Central Park, September, Tuesday 3. Pronouns- Words that take the place of nouns. Example: he, she, it, they, we; She called her mother. 4. Possessive Pronouns- Words that take the place of nouns and show possession. Example: her, his, their, our; We went to her house. 5. Adjectives- Modifying words that describe a noun, such as size, color, and number. Example: small, heavy, yellow, many, new, soft The young boy rode his red bike.; It has been a good day. 6. Verbs- Show action or state of being. Example: see, run, read, swim, think, watch, sing I walk to school.; Sam waited in the car.; You will enjoy your new school. 7. Adverbs- Describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Example: loud, quiet, fast, slow, high, up, down, very She ran home quickly.; My teacher is very nice. 8. Prepositions- Show how a noun or pronoun is related to another word in a sentence. When used with a verb it changes the meaning of the verb. Example: in, with, from, about, to, of, above, on The boy with curly hair ate lunch in the park. 9. Conjunctions- Join words, phrases and clauses together. Example: and, as, or, so, because, however Randy and Kim called because it was my birthday. 10. Articles- Three special words that can be used before a noun. Example: a, and, the; A bird flew in the tree. 11. Interjections- State an exclamation or remark! (usually followed by an exclamation mark!) Example: Ouch!, Hooray!, Oh!, Yes!, Wow! Prepositions about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, in front of, inside, instead of, into, like, near, of, off, on, on top of, onto, out of, outside, over, past, since, through, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without.