PRODUCTION SYTEMS AND METHODS

1. CONTINOUS PRODUCTION SYSTEM Simpler than intermittent production Highly standardized goods and services Used by many manufacturing industries Concept of constant production (Without breaking or interrupting) Mostly used in oil and other chemical plants
Maintenance is very important in this concept because if

production stops it affects both up and down in the supply line Great deal of investment into machinery and process design

A. Mass production: Also called as repetitive flow, series production or serial production Dealing with large amount of specialized products
Creation of many products in a short period of time using time-

saving techniques such as assembly line and specialization

It allows a manufacturer to produce more per worker-hour, and

to lower the labor cost of the end product. This in turn allows the product to be sold for a lower cost One hand to another hand, necessary tools required for worker to worker

B. Process production: Three main parts in process production is input, transaction process and output Business create products and services is called process planning Needs and wants of the customer(correct product, shortest time, best quality at a competitive price)
Single raw material is transformed into different kinds of

products at different stages of process planning Two types of process planning: (a) analytical process, (b) synthetic process Analytical process: breaking raw material to manufacture different parts to get different outputs
Synthetic process: mixing of two or more material to

manufacture a product C. ASSEMBLY LINE: Manufacturing process Parts are added to the product to create a finished goods Each movement of material is made as simple and short as possible, with no cross flow or background

2. INTERMITTENT PRODUCTION: Goods manufacture to fulfill the orders placed by the consumers Inputs may be processed in any specific sequence of operations Production system model can be made to fit Number of operations may vary from one to any finite number Storage occur between all operations and time in storage may vary from essentially negligible to any finite amount

A. JOB PRODUCTION Associated with small firms Making specific product for specific control Work is generally high quality Higher cost of production
Require to use specialized labor

Very slow production One off products Products altered to the specific customers It creates a unique selling point (USP) Expensive process

B. BATCH PRODUCTION: Works of previous batch is completed to take new batch process
Suppose stopping in-between is called down time

Require careful planning Batch is in production it is different to change, as switching to another batch takes time and will mean less of output