J-BOGNER, E MARCHES, 2008 5 Mangonia uruguaya (Hicken) Bogner (Araceae) Recollected Josef Bogner ‘Augsburger Str. 43a D - 86368 Gersthofen Germany Eduardo Marchesi_ Laboratorio de Botanica Casilla de Correo 1238 Montevideo: Uruguay ABSTRACT . Mangonia uruguaya (Hicken) Bogner has been recollected in Unuguiay, where itis, endemic. A full description and illustrations, are given, as well as notes on its history, distribution, etymology and relationship. KEY WORDS Mangonia uruguaya, Araceae, Uruguay. INTRODUCTION In 1999 J. Bogner made a trip to Uruguay, especially to collect the two known species of the genus Mangonia Schott, Mangonia tweedieana Schott and Mangonia uru- guaya (Hicken) Bogner. ‘The former spe- cies is known from Uniguay and southern. Brazil, Edo. Rio Grande do Sul, and the latter only from Uruguay where it is an endemic species with a narrow distribu- tion, Unfortunately neither could be found. It was also difficult to find out the exact locality of Mangonia uruguaya, although with the help of the local people of the Department Cerro Largo it was possible to ‘get the necessary information. At the type locality nearly nothing is left of the natural vegetation and most is pasturetand for cattle. Mangonia uru- guaya has not been found or collected since the year 1920, but in one respect we were lucky, because E, Marchesi has grown Mangonia tweedieana in a big pot in his garden outside of Montevideo for many years, where it has also flowered regularly. In 1917, C. M. Hicken described a new monotypic genus of Araceae, Felipponia Hicken, as well as a new tribe, Felippo- nieae based on Felipponia uruguaya Hicken, Unfortunately, the name Felippo- nea (which has to be regarded as an orthographic variant) had already been used by Brotherus for a moss genus in 1912, Hicken, having recognized this in the year 1928, created a new name, Felippo- niella Hicken, to substitute for Felliponia. After the study of the type material (Bogner, 1973) it turned out, that this species belongs to the earlier described genus Mangonia, which was established by H. W. Schott in 1857 and remained monotypic until 1973. The new combina- tion, “Mangonia uruguaya (Hicken) Bogner, was given there (Bogner, 1973) and the tribe Felipponieae included in the tribe Spathicarpeae, (still called in the cited paper Asterostigmateae, which today is only a synonym of the aforementioned Spathicarpeae). Fortunately, Mangonia ur- uguaya was recollected after 80 years by Ivan Grela and Carlos Brussa in June 2000 in the Sierra de Rios which lies also in the Department Cerro Largo where the other collections were made. DESCRIPTION Mangonia uruguaya (Hicken) Bogner, Darwiniana 18:70 (1973). Syn. Felipponia uruguaya Hicken, Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 84:242-243 (1917). Felipponiella uru-Fig. 1. Mangonia uruguaya. Three tubers connected together. (photo E. Mar- chesi). guaya (Hicken) Herter, in G. Herter, Flora ilustrada del Uruguay 1(5): Estudos boténicos en la region Uru- guaya 14:18, fig. 750 (1943). Tuberous perennial, glabrous herb (geo- phyte); the inflorescences appearing be- fore or with the leaves; usually with (5-)7— 11 leaves. Tuber depressed-globular, 2.5~ 3.5 cm in diam, and 1,8-2.5 cm thick, (up to 12 cm in diam. in nature), light brown to beige outside. Cataphylls (1.0-)2.5-13(-15) em long and 2-4(-5) cm wide, green, apex acute to cuspidate; before the inflorescence 4 cataphylls, the first one the shortest and the last one the longest, if not flowering then 3 cataphylls before the foliage leaves. Petiole 15-20.cm long and 24mm in diam., terete and canaliculate on upper side, middle green, with a long sheath 4— 7 em ong, margins of sheath membranous; leaf blade very narrow-elliptic, rarely very narrow-lanceolate, 15-25 (-29) cm long and 1.5-4.0(-4.3) cm wide, middle green ie (rarely somewhat cuspidate), AROIDEANA, Vol. 31 Whole Fig. 2 plant with several leaves. Mangonia uruguaya. base cuneate; venation reticulate, 3 primary lateral veins on each side of the strong middle vein ascending at an angle of a. 20° towards the apex and running more or less parallel to each other, finer second- order veins between them reticulate with the third order veins, one or two collective veins along the margin at a distance of 5— 1.0 mm from the margin, collective veins not running to the apex but only a certain distance and ending there in a inner collective vein which is repeated a few times. Inflorescence solitary, rarely tuber with two or three inflorescences in one growing season. Peduncle (6-)12-15 om long and 2.5-3.0 mm in diam., more or less whitish to cream-colored. Spathe 9.0 19.5(-22.0) em long and 1.5-2.4-3.5) em wide, usually not constricted or only very slightly, outside and inside light green to olive-green or pinkish (fide collector's note), at base sometimes slightly reddish tinged outside and inside, basal part conyolute and forming a tube 1-3 cm longa uruguaya. Flowering plant,J. BOGNER, E, MARCHEST, 2008 ro Fig 5. Mangonia uruguaya. Inflorescence. enclosing the female zone of the spadix, curved, 8-18(-20) cm long, female zone upper part expanded, spathe usually lon- 1.01.2 em long and 5-6 em in diam. ger than the spadix. Spadix cylindric, male zone 5-7-8) cm long and 3-4 cm in usually straight but often somewhat — diam., upper zone with sterile male flowers"AROIDEANA, Vol. 31 Fig. 6. Mangonia uruguaya. Part of spadix: below, female flowers, above this nearly naked zone with only scattered male flowers, then laxly arranged male flowers (synandria), and above that ap- pendix with synandrodes (lighter col- ured) 3.5-9.0(-10.5) em long and 34m in diam, Flowers unisexual, without perigone; female flowers densely arranged, 1,5~ 2.0 mm tall, ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., cream-colored, bilocular, with 2-3) anatropous ovules in each locule, placenta axile, style ca, .5 mm long, red-brown to purplish; stigma discoid (to slightly lobed), ca. 1mm in diam. and slightly sunken in the center, red-brown to purplish, gynoe- Fig. 7. Mangonia uruguaya. Lower zone of spadix: below, female flowers then above this the almost naked zone with only scattered male flowers (synandria. cium surrounded by (4-5 clavate, red- brown to purplish, shorter staminodes, apex of staminode subcapitate, papillose and ca, .5 mm in diam.; male flowers laxly arranged, especially in its lower part of the male zone of 2-4 cm length nearly naked and the cream-colored to beige axis well visible and only scattered with some dria, in upper part of male zone synandria irregularly clustered and sepa: rated 2-3 mm from other clusters, cream- colored to beige, (1-)2-4 stamens formingJBOGNER, F MARCHESI, 2008 a Fig. 8 of spadix: below, male flowers (synandria, darker coloured); above part of appendix with synandrodes (lighter coloured), Mangonia uruguaya. Middle part ‘one flower, anthers subsessile, free, 5~ 7 mm long and 1.0-1.5 mm wide but the short filaments connate and forming a synandrium, thecae more or less globose, dehiscence by an apical pore, connective inconspicuous; pollen grains ellipsoid, in- aperturate, ca, 40 X 25 im, exine arcolate; also the synandrodes of the upper sterile zone clustered and at a distance of 1-2 mm from each other, sterile male flowers 7 1.0mm long and 1.0-1.5 mm wide, yel- lowish to light yellow, 3-5 staminodes forming a synandrodium which is connate only in its basal part and divided in the upper part with subcapitate apices. (Synan- drodes always lighter colored than the synandria, this also clearly visible on herbarium specimens). Infructescence ca 2m long and 1.7 cm in diam., densely covered with berries. Berry obovoid, ca. 8 cm long and .9 cm in diam., with stigma remnant, bilocular with 2 seeds in each locule; seed more or less ellipsoid, ca. 5mm Jong and 3mm wide, somewhat compressed, testa smooth, embryo elon- gate, endosperm copious. Distribution URUGUAY: Depto. Cerro Largo, Cu- chilla de Melo, leg. Felippone, 30 April 1917 (flowering), S1-297 (SD, same locality, 1 February 1920 (flowering and fruiting), Felippone 5,772 (SD; same Depto., Sierra de Rios, cultivated. £ Marchesi s. 1. flowering 6 March 2004 (M), cultivated from same locality, leaf, W. Hetterscheid s. nM) Etymology Mangonia from Latin mango, mangonis, which means dealer (herice English mon- ger); uruguaya from his home country Uruguay Relationship Mangonia uruguaya mainly differs from Mangonta tweedieana by the very narrow elliptic leaf blades, the much longer spathe and spadix, and the very laxly arranged male flowers which are clustered in groups. Mangonia tweediena has broadly ovate- elliptic to oblong-sagittate leaf blades, the spathe and spadix are much shorter and the male flowers are more or less densely arranged. ‘The genus Mangonia differs from other genera of the tribe Spathicarpeae with a free spadix and anatropous ovules, mainly by having 2-3 anatropous ovules in each locule of the 2-locular ovary, a spadix which has an appendix with synandrodes and entire leaf blades. The other two genera with a free spadix and anatropousAROIDEANA, Vol. 31 Fig. 9. -Mangonia uruguaya: Center, whole flowering plant, 1/4; right. Leaf, 1/4; above left, spathe, 1/4; below left, female flower with staminodes, 3X. (Afier F. Felippone). ig. 10. Mangonia rweedieana: Above left, whole inflorescence, 1/2; centre, spadix, 2; below right, synandrium in side view and view from above, 4X; middle right, female flower (with staminodes) and cross section of ovary, 4%. (After H.W. Schott). Fig. 11. Mangonia tweedieana. Whole plant with leav|. BOGNER, E. MARCHEST, 2008 Fig. 12. Mangonia weedieana. Leat4 ovules, Taccarum Brongn. ex Schott and Asterostigma F. E. L Fischer & C. A. Meyer, have 3-6(—7)-I6cular ovaries with only one covule in each, a spadix which is fertile to the apex and pinnatifid (to subdracontoid) leaf blade. Furthermore, the other genera with a free spadix, Gorgonidium Schott, Incarum E. G. Gong., Croatiella E. G. Gong., Synan- drospadix Engl. and Gearum N. E. Br, differ mainly from Mangonia by orthotro- pous ovules and 3- to 5(-6)-locular ovaries, spadices fertile to apex, pinnatifid leaf blades in Gorgonidium and Incarum, pedate leaf blades in Gearum, and entire leaf blades but of different shape in Synandrospadix and Groatiella which are cordate. The spadix is completely adnate to the spathe in Spathicarpa Hook. with entire leaf blades and in Spathantheum Schott with pinnatifid leaf blades. All these men- tioned genera are tuberous, except Gearum with an erect rhizome and fleshy roots. The remaining two genera, Dieffen- bachia Schott and Bognera Mayo & Nicol- son are non-tuberous, the former has erect stems or is decumbent (rarely rhizomatous) and the latter has a creeping rhizome and female flowers without staminodes. Remarks The new collection of Mangonia uru- guaya has broader leaf blades, up to 4(-4.3) cm wide and to 25 cm long. The peduncle is usually below the soil surface and is therefore whitish colored. It is a common character in the Spathicarpeae that the synandria are not always com- pletely connate, as is also the case in Mangonia. Especially in the genus Gorgo- nidium the connation of the stamens of a male flower is very variable, eg. jn Gorgonidium mirabile Schot the lower: AROIDEANA, Vol. 31 most male flowers have free filaments in the same spadix and then connation of the filaments increases towards the apex and the uppermost ones have nearly complete- ly connate filaments LITERATURE CITED Bogner, J. 1973. Otra especie de Mangonia (Araceae) del Uruguay. Darwintana _18:70-79. & Marchesi, E. 2000. Mangonia tweedieana Schott (Araceae). Aroi- deana 23:8-18. Engler, A. 1920. Araceae-Aroideae und Araceae-Pistioideae, pp. 40-41 In A. Engler (ed.), Das Pflanzenreich 73 (V.236). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Felippone, F. 1912. Contribution a la flore bryologique de !' Uruguay 2:15. Herter, W. (°G.”). 1943. Flora ilustrada del Uruguay 165). In Estudos botdnicos en la region Uruguaya 14:18, fig. 750 Krakau. Hicken, C. M. 1917. Una Aracea curiosa Felipponia. Anal. So. Ci. Argent. 84: 240-244. 1928. Felipponiella en vez de Felipponia. Darwiniana 2:30. Mayo, S. J., J. Bogner & P. C. Boyce. 1997. The Genera of Araceae, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. : & 1998. Araceae, pp. 26-74 In K. Kubitzki (ed.), The Families. and Genera of Vascular Plants 4, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York. Schott, H. W. 1857. Mangonia. Oesterr Bot Wochenbl. 7:77. 1858. Genera Aroidearum. C. Ueberreuter, Wien. 1860. Prodromus Systematis Aroi- dearum congregationis_me- chitharisticae, Wien.