Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

LO2 Data and formulae in real-life situations: Design and planning problems and Compound Change A design or planning problem can be solved by considering different values that satisfy the constraints given in a problem. The optimum solution is normally the solution that produces the most favourable result.
1. Sipho and Mpho each choose a number between 1 and 10. The numbers they choose must satisfy the following constraints: Sipho must choose a number that is two digits higher than Mphos. The sum of their numbers must be greater than five.
1.1

When there are a limited number of values in a situation, you say that the problem has discrete values. What are the discrete values in the case above? Write down all the possible pairs of numbers that Sipho and Mpho can choose in order to meet the constraints above. If we add an additional constraint, such as the sum of the two numbers must be 14. Write down all the possible pairs of numbers that Sipho and Mpho can choose in order to meet the constraints above. What combination of numbers should Sipho and Mpho choose if the sum of their numbers must the maximum value?

1.2 1.3

1.4

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

2. Sienna and Patricia create beaded bangles and necklaces for sale at the Saltriver flea market. Together they can create a maximum of 14 bangles or 12 necklaces per day. If they are to create both bangles and necklaces they are only able to create a maximum of 15 per day. Sienna and Patricia realise that they have to create at least two bangles and two necklaces per day. 2.1 Copy and complete the table below. Enter the combinations of the number of bangles and necklaces that they can create per day to satisfy the above constraints.

Number of bangles Number of necklaces 2.2 If the constraints for creating bangles and necklaces changed so that they had to create more bangles than necklaces, how would the table above change? Copy and complete the table.

Number of bangles Number of necklaces 2.3 Sienna and Patricia realise a profit of R15 per bangle and R20 per necklace. Add another row to the bottom of the table you created in 2.1 above and determine how much profit they make per day for each combination of bangles and necklaces. If the constraints of 2.2 were applicable, what would be the maximum profit that Sienna and Patricia could earn in a day?

2.4

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

3. The Municipality of Port Elizabeth decides to make plots available for new houses. They budget an amount of R12 million for some two-bedroom and some three-bedroom houses. The twobedroom houses will cost R240 000 each and the three bedroom houses R360 000 each. 3.1 3.2 3.3
3.4

How many two-bedroom houses can they build within the budget? How many three-bedroom houses can they build within the budget? Will they be able to build 25 two-bedroom houses and 19 three-bedroom houses? Assume that they have to build at least 23 two-bedroom houses and 15 three-bedroom houses. Determine the number of houses they will be able to build without spending more than the budget. Copy and complete the table. 23

Number of Twobedroom houses Number of Threebedroom houses Total cost (R million) 3.5

15

10,92

What combination would you recommend to the municipality?

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

4. Assume that your great-aunt Molly offers you money, but she gives you an option for receiving the money. Option one; she offers to give you R2 for every month that passes: or Option two; she offers you R2 for the first month and then doubles the amount the next month and every month after that. This information can be tabulated as follows: OPTION ONE: Month 1 2 3 4 5 Amount in 2 2 + 2 4 + 2 6+ 2 Rand =4 =6 =8 OPTION TWO Month 1 Amount in 2 Rand 4.1
4.2 4.3

2 3 4 5 2x2 4x2 =4 =8

Copy and complete both tables. For Option Two, write each amount as a power of 2. How long will it take the amount in Option Two to reach R1 040? How much will the amount in Option One be after the same amount of time? Plot the points for both options on graph paper. Put the number of months on the x-axis and the amount on the y-axis.

4.4 4.5

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

5. Myrtle owns a clothing store in Woodstock, Cape Town. She purchased 150 pairs of jeans at the beginning of winter for R85 per pair. She managed to sell 93 pairs, but now that it is almost summer, she feels that she will not be able to sell the jeans at her usual price of R199 per pair. She decides to reduce the selling price by 12% per week until until she has sold them all. She is prepared to suffer a loss on some of the pairs as it is better to suffer a relatively small loss than have to write them all off.
5.1

Take the above information into account to copy and complete the following table. (Round off all figures to the nearest Rand.) Selling price after weekly discount 0 1 2 3 4 5 199(0,88) = R175

Price

R199

199 Profit 85) = per pair R114

5.2

Myrtle managed to sell 12 pairs in the first week, 15 pairs in the second week, 18 pairs in the third week, 3 pairs in the fourth week and 2 pairs in the fifth week. How much profit did she make from the 150 pairs of jeans that she bought?

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

ANSWERS
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Discrete values are whole numbers for 2 to 9. Combinations: 4 and 2; 5 and 6; 6 and 4; 7 and 5; 8 and 6; 9 and 7. Combinations: 8 and 6. For the maximum value Sipho must choose 9 and Mpho 7. 7 8 8 7 9 6 10 5 11 12 13 4 3 2

2.1 Number 2 3 4 5 6 of bangles Number 12 12 11 10 8 of necklaces 2.2

Number 13 12 11 10 9 of bangles Number 2 3 4 5 6 of necklaces

8 7

2.3 Number 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 of bangles Number 12 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 of necklaces Profit (R) 270 285 280 275 270 265 260 255 250 245 240 235

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

2.4 Number of bangles Number of necklaces Profit (R) 13 12 11 10 9 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 235 240 245 250 255 260

The maximum profit they could earn would be R260 when they created and sold 8 bangles and 7 necklaces.

3.1 R12 000 000 R240 000 = 50 houses 3.2 R12 000 000 R360 000 = 33 houses 3.3 (25 x R240 000) + (19 x R360 000) = R12 840 000 They will not be able to build 25 two-bedroom houses and 19 three-bedroom houses as they will be R840 000 short.

3.4 Number of Twobedroom houses Number of Threebedroom houses Total cost (R million) 3.5 23 15 24 16 25 17 26 16 23 16 23 17 23 18

10,92 11,52 12,12 12,0 11,28 11,64 12,0

I would recommend either producing 26 two-bedroom houses and 16 three-bedroom houses or 23 two-bedroom houses and 18 three-bedroom houses as either combination results in spending no more or less of the budgeted amount.

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

4.1 OPTION ONE: Month 1 Amount 2 in Rand 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 + 2 4 + 2 8 10 12 14 16 =4 =6 3 2x4 =8 x 2x

OPTION TWO Month 1 2 Amount in 2 2x2 Rand =4 4.2 OPTION TWO Month 1 Amount in 2 Rand Amount 21 written as a power of 2 4.3 4.4 4.5 2 2x2 =4
22

4 5 6 7 8 x 8 x 2 32 64 128 256 2 x = 16

3 2x4 =8

4 5 6 7 8 x 8 x 2 32 64 128 256 2 x = 16
24 25

23

26

27

28

2x

It will take 10 months to reach R1 024 10 x 2 = R20

29 = 512 : 210 = 1024

Comparison of y = 2x and y = 2 to the power of x

1200 1000 Amount 800 600 400 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Month Option One Option Two

Maths & Science Marketing

Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

5.1 Selling price after weekly discount 0 1 2 3 4 5 199 R175 R154 R136 R120 (0,88) (0,88) (0,88) (0,88) (0,88) = = = = = R199 R175 R154 R136 R120 R106

Price

199 Profit 85) = per pair R114 5.2

R90

R69

R51

R35

R21

Profit made on 150 pairs of jeans Number Selling Price Cost Price Profit 93 199 85 R 10,602 12 175 85 R 1,080 15 154 85 R 1,035 18 136 85 R 918 3 120 85 R 105 2 106 85 R 42 7 0 85 R -595 150 R 13,187

Maths & Science Marketing