Power-Aware State Dissemination in Mobile Distributed Virtual Environments

Weidong Shi Kalyan Perumalla Richard Fujimoto

College of Computing, Georgia Tech

Confidential & Proprietary All Rights Reserved Internal Distribution, April 2003.

Introduction
Problem:
interactive applications execute over battery operated mobile platforms.

Goal:
minimize the energy consumed by exploiting application level information.

Scheme:
maintain distributed simulation state consistency while at the same time yielding lower energy consumption.

Approach:
use a closely coupled feedback loop to achieve a balance between power conservation and simulation quality.

Confidential & Proprietary All Rights Reserved Internal Distribution, April 2003.

Applications
Mobile Distributed Virtual Environment Mobile Augmented Reality Wireless Gaming Interactive Distributed Simulation

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Power-Aware State Updates

The application exposes a slack time to the power management service so that communication devices can be suspended with minimal, bounded impact on space-time consistency.

A new state update algorithm that can maximize device suspension time while meeting minimum latency requirements.

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Power-Aware Dead Reckoning Algorithm

1Update

Suspension interval hint h

12

10

d
8

Trigger calculation of new suspension interval

d
6 4

trigger a state update

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time

Ptrue(t) and Pdr(t) with usual dead reckoning If there is no outstanding publication of state update waiting to be acked { If | Ptrue(t) - Pdr(t) | > d' { If local hosts communication device is powered off, resume it Send Ptrue(t) to other host(s) Set tpub = t Mark that there is an outstanding state publication not acked yet } else { h = h + k*step; If h> MAX_SUSPENTION_TIME Let h=MAX_SUSPENSION_TIME } } else { If | Ptrue(t) - Pdr(t) | > d and there is an un-acked state publication { Set h = t tpub Send threshold-triggering event to all other hosts } } 1Post the new h value to the underlying messaging mechanism.

Consistency Error

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Consistency and Power Savings

Power Savings & Error
4 3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Dead-reckoning Threshold (pixels)
Baseline Error Pow er Savings Pow er-aw are Error

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Power vs. User Input Rate

0.8
Power savings

0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Dead-reckoning Threshold

1-key per second 4-key per second

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Scalability and Consistency

Power Savings

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Dead-reckoning Threshold

3-nodes 6-nodes 4-nodes 7-nodes 5-nodes 8-nodes

Consistency Error

3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
100 millisend threshold

Dead-reckoning Threshold
200 millisend threshold 50 millisend threshold

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Proposed a new power conservation scheme and a new state update protocol. Optimize the trade-off between consistency and power reduction. Achieve power reduction without greatly violating consistency constraints (9% to 69% under simulation). Show robustness with respect to human input rate and entity moving speed. Achieve moderate scalability based on simulation.
Confidential & Proprietary All Rights Reserved Internal Distribution, April 2003.

Summary