AIX for the System Administrator Glossary Boot Process Disks Dump Space Filesystems Kernel Networking Paging

and Swap Space Password/Account Reset Processes Software Installation and Patches Sy stem Information System Monitoring Tapeutil Terminal Configuration Troubleshooti ng --> see aix-troubleshooting.html Users Glossary Term Definition Advanced Interactive Executive RS/6000 Unix Operating System (AIX) Authorized Pr ogram Analysis Report (APAR) Base Operating System (BOS) Fileset Fragments High Availability Cluster Multiprocessor ?? (HACMP) I-Node Logical Block Maintenance Level (ML) ODN Page 4KB unit of virtual memory than can be transferred between p hysical ram and disk paging space Allows disk space to be divided into units tha t are smaller than the size of a logical block AIX Clustering 128 bit structure that contains information about the file or directory such as ownership, permiss ions, file type, number of links to the file, etc. Disk block that contains file or directory data Service updates necessary to upgrade the BOS to the current r elease level Used to identify a fix for a PMR.

Paging Space Phsysical Volume ID (PVID) Problem Management Record (PMR) Special logical volume used for holding inactive data that has been temporarily transferred out of physical ram. Unique id that consists of a hash of the CPUID and the date. Tracking record used for customer problems. Program Temporary Fix (PTF) Temporary fix that will be incorporated into the nex t release of the product. May be a single fix or multiple fixes associated with a single fileset. Service Boot Superblock Swap Space System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) Vpath Server is started with the key in the service position (as op posed to the key being in the normal position). Disk block that contains informa tion about the entire file system. It starts at byte offset 4096 and is 4096 byt es in size. See Paging Space above. Menu driven system administration interface for AIX Similar to HP LUN? Boot Process Phases of the Boot Process: 1. Read Only Storage Kernel Init Phase 1. Motherboar d is Checked 2. Bootlist is found 3. Boot image is read into memory 4. Initializ ation starts 2. Base Device Configuration Phase 1. All devices are configured wi th cfgmgr command 3. System Boot Phase 1. Logical volumes are varied on 2. Pagin g is started 3. /etc/inittab is processed Commands alog - allows the administrat or to view logs alog -L <-- displays log files that alog can view alog -o -t boo t <-- displays the boot log file cfgmgr last bootlist

uptime mpcfg shutdown How to boot the system if the Service Processor Firmware M enu is displayed: Service Processor Firmware Main Menu 1. Service Processor Setu p Menu 2. System Power Control Menu 3. System Information Menu 4. Language Selec tion 5. Call In/Call Out 6. Set System Name 99. Exit Menu Choose Option 2: Syste m Power Control menu, then select option to Power On How to boot to the SMS Menu (to apply firmware updates) Boot normally Interrupt the boot when the systems d isplays memory and cpu information <1> on Ascii terminals <F1> on Graphics termi nals If you want to update firmware then you need to choose option 3, then put s oftware in diskette drive and choose: Option 6 for Update System Software Option 7 for Update Service Processor Startup Scripts /etc/inittab Indentifier:RunLeve l:Action:Command Inittab Commands lsitab --> lists records in /etc/inittab mkita b --> makes a new entry in /etc/inittab chitab --> changes an existing entry in /etc/inittab rmitab --> removes an entry from /etc/inittab Disks lsdev -C -c disk - shows available disks on the server lsfs <-- show the filesys tems on the server and their characteristics

lspv - shows disks and their LVM information or "none" if not part of LVM dumpfs <disk> - shows superblock, i-node map and disk map information for the file sys tem specified. df -v - shows the number of i-nodes used and free. istat - shows the last updated, last modified and last accessed times of a file. ls -i - shows the i-node number assigned to a file bosboot -a --> creates a new bootimage boo tlist -m normal -o hdisk0 hdisk1 --> puts hdisk0 and hdisk1 on the bootlist boot list -m normal -o --> displays the current bootlist How to mount a cdrom Make su re the cdrom is inserted Make sure the cdrom drive is properly identified lsdev -Cc cdrom Mount the cdrom mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom Dump Space The system dump facility copies critical information to the dump device when a s ystem crash occurs. This information is critical for determing the cause of the crash. sysdumpdev -l <-- shows where the system dump location currently is locat ed. sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd9 <-- changes the primary dump device to hd9 sysdump dev -e <-- estimates the size of the current dump smitty dump <-- access dump co nfiguration through smit Procedure for manually peforming a system dump Using Co mmands sysdumpstart smit dump Using special key sequence

Key in SERVICE mode <CTRL><ALT><NUMPAD1> or K<CTRL><ALT><NUMPAD2> Using the rese t button Key in SERVICE mode Press the reset button once Procedure to verify a s ystem dump Find out the name of the dump file sysdumpdev -L Run the crash comman d crash <Dump copy filename> or crash <Dump Device Name> crash will provide a "> " prompt, stat and quit are commands of crash >stat If the dump is successful, t hen you will see statistics of the dump >quit Procedure to generate a system dum p using snap snap -gfkDNcd <directory to store snap file> -g <-- gets output of the lslpp -hBc command -f <-- gets system information -k <-- gets kernel informa tion -D <-- gets dump and /unix information -N <-- does not check for free space -c <-- creates a compressed pax image of all the files in the directory -d <-allows the destination directory to specified, rather than the default of /tmp/i bmsupt Filesystems Additional information in the file aix-lvm.html. mount -t <type> --> mounts all filesystems in /etc/filesystems containing the t=type attribute Copying files cp tar - limited to files smaller than 2 GB cpio - limited to files smaller than 2 GB pax Argument list too long error lsattr -E -l sys0 -a ncargs - List value of ARG/ENV

chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=NewValue (range 6-128) - Modifies value of ARG/ENV. Kernel Changing from 32 bit kernel to 64 bit kernel Change the link in the root directo ry Existing link: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system Link to: /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 Change the link in the /usr/lib/boot directory Existing link: lrwxrwxrwx 1 root system Link to: /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 21 Jun 12 09:59 unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp 21 Jun 12 10:01 unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_mp Networking entstat -d en0 <-- this will display configuration and statistics for the networ k card "en0" - useful for displaying speed/duplex configuration Paging and Swap Space Utilities to monitor paging space: vmstat topas lsps -a <- Lists paging space by disk chps -s 16 hd6 <- Changes the paging space by adding 16 logical partitions to the hd6 logical volume (default swap space device) chps -d 16 hd6 <- Changes the paging space by deleting 16 logical partitions from the hd6 logical volume mkps <-- Makes additional paging space rmps <-- Deletes paging space (paging spa ce must be deactivated by chps and then system must be rebooted to remove the pa ging space) swapon <-- Turns on a paging space swapoff <-- Turns off a paging sp ace Total Paging Space = 512MB + (Physical Memory Size - 256MB) * 1.25 Processes and Services

/etc/inetd.conf - inetd configuration file /etc/services - information about ser vices, such as port number Starting and stopping a process: refresh -p <pid> ref resh -s <subsystem name> Changing the inetd configuration Files /etc/inetd.conf /etc/services Using smit - daemon is recycled automatically upon exit Using vi r estart the inetd daemon so that the new configuration is read: refresh -s inetd Using chservices to edit /etc/services chservices -c --> changes entries chservi ces -a --> adds entries chservices -d --> deactivates entries Software Installation and Patches lslpp -l "<fileset>" <-- Shows information about filesets rebuild .toc file - "i nutoc" <-- This rebuilds the toc where the bff's are located. Needed if somethin g is added to an existing fileset or new file will not be found. root.oncwhst5:/ # instfix -ciqk 5100-04_AIX_ML grep ":-:" root.oncwhst5:/# lslpp -l bos.iconv. ucs.com Displaying the maintenance level and fixes that are installed oslevel oslevel -q oslevel -r <-- Shows the maintenance release that you are running instfix -i grep ML <-- Shows what filesets are found for maintenance releases on your syste m and whether they are complete instfix -ik <FIX_IX> <-- Shows whether a particu lar fix has been installed on your system lppchk -v <-- Shows filesets that are incompletely installed or need to be corrected lscfg -vp grep alterable <-- sh ows firmware level Procedure to upgrade the maintenance level of the os

System Information prtconf more <-- prints system information (aix 5.x) amount of ram - bootinfo -r or lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem number of processors - lscfg grep proc or bindp rocessor -q oslevel --> returns the major level of the OS (such as 5.0) oslevel -r --> returns the detailed level of the OS, with sub level and patch level info (such as 5.1) uname -a uname -uM --> type of machine and serial number System Monitoring topas = top on hp-ux Tapeutil To run the menu version type "tapeutil" Open the correct device /dev/rmt0 = tape drive /dev/smc0 = tape library "lsdev -Cc tape" will list the devices Use the c ommands listed 14 =Element Inventory 17 = Load/Unload Medium To manually use tapeutil "tapeutil -f /dev/smc0 move 5 82" --> will move tape fr om slot 5 to the tape drive To manually remove a tape from the drive using tapeu til: tapeutil -f /dev/rmt0 unload --> tapeutil -f /dev/smc0 move 82 5 Terminal Configuration Autocompletion: <esc>\

Troubleshooting See aix-troubleshooting.html Users Commands: mkuser --> utility the creates a new user passwd --> change the user's password chuser --> change the user's attributes chuser minother=# <user> --> c hanges minother atttribute for a user luser <user> --> lists the attributes for a specific user account lsuser -f <user> --> lists each attribute on it's own li ne rmuser --> utility that removes a user chsec --> change the user's security a ttributes login who --> lists who is currently logged into the system whoami (wh o am i) --> displays information about yourself dtconfig Files: /etc/security/en viron --> lists environment attributes for each user /etc/security/lastlog --> l ists last login attributes for each user /etc/security/limits --> lists process resource limits for each user /etc/security/user --> lists extended user attribu tes for each user /usr/lib/security/mkuser.default --> lists default attributes for new users /usr/lib/security/mkuser.sys --> script that sets up the user's en vironment /etc/passwd --> lists basic user attributes for each user /etc/securit y/passwd --> contains password information for each user /etc/security/login.cfg --> lists login security information for each user /etc/utmp --> contains users that are logged into the system, used by the "who" command /var/adm/wtmp --> co ntains connect time information for users /etc/security/failedlogin --> contains unsuccessful login attempts /etc/motd --> message of the day that is displayed when the user logs in. /etc/environment --> lists the default environment that n ew processes will use. /etc/profile --> environment settings for all users $HOME /.profile --> environment settings for a specific user /etc/group --> lists attr ibutes for each group /etc/security/group --> lists extended attributes for each group Important /etc/security/user attributes to know about: account locked --> true or false

account_locked --> true or false expires --> Expiration time for a user account. MMDDHHMMYY, a value of 0 indicates no expiration loginretires --> Number of inv alid login attempts before a users is not allowed to login. A value of 0 indicat es this attribute is disabled. maxage --> Maximum number of weeks a password is valid, a value of 0 indicates unlimited minage --> Minimum nuimber of weeks betw een password changes. Procedure to add a new user mkuser <user_id> or smitty mku ser Procedure to change the password on a server passwd <User> Note: The account nee ds to be reset if when trying to log in the following message is received: 3004303 There have been too many unsuccessful login attempts; please see the system administrator. Procedure to reset the account: 1. chsec -f /etc/security/lastlog -a "unsuccessful_login_count=0" -s N500620 2. chuser "account_locked=false" N50 0620 Procedure to change the shell prompt: Prompts PS1 - normal system prompt PS 2 - prompt when system expects more input PS3 - super-user prompt export PS1="ne wprompt>"