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Sign up | Sign in How do amoeba carryout asexual reproduction?

How do amoeba carryout asexual reproduction?

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Answer from Librarian50 2 people found this helpful

It divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells.
Here is a great picture of an amoeba as it is reproducing: The single-celled amoeba demonstrates a simple method of asexual reproduction; it divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells. After a period of feeding and growth, these two daughter cells will themselves divide in half. http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532745/reproduction_of_an_amoeba.html Another source with a great picture: "An amoeba (pronounced uh-MEE-buh) is any of several tiny, one-celled protozoa in the phylum (or primary division of the animal kingdom) Sarcodina. Amoebas live in freshwater and salt water, in soil, and as parasites in moist body parts of animals. They are composed of cytoplasm (cellular fluid) divided into two parts: a thin, clear, gel-like outer layer that acts as a membrane (ectoplasm); and an inner, more watery grainy mass (endoplasm) containing structures called organelles. Amoebas may have one or more nuclei, depending upon the species. The word amoeba comes from a Greek word meaning "to change." The amoeba moves by continually changing its body shape, forming extensions called pseudopods (false feet) into which its body then flows. The pseudopods also are used to surround and capture foodmainly bacteria, algae, and other protozoafrom the surrounding water. An opening in the membrane allows the food particles, along with drops of water, to enter the cell, where they are enclosed in bubblelike chambers called food vacuoles. There the food is digested by enzymes and absorbed into the cell. The food vacuoles then disappear. Liquid wastes are expelled through the membrane. Water from the surrounding environment flows through the amoeba's ectoplasm by a process called osmosis. When too much water accumulates in the cell, the excess is enclosed in a structure called a contractile vacuole and squirted back out through the cell membrane. The membrane also allows oxygen to pass into the cell and carbon dioxide to pass out. The amoeba usually reproduces asexually by a process called binary fission (splitting in two), in which the cytoplasm simply pinches in half and pulls apart to form two identical organisms (daughter cells). This occurs after the parent amoeba's genetic (hereditary) material, contained in the nucleus, is replicated and the nucleus divides (a process known as mitosis). Thus, the hereditary material is identical in the two daughter cells. If an amoeba is cut in two, the half that contains the nucleus can survive and form new cytoplasm. The half without a nucleus soon dies.

This demonstrates the importance of the nucleus in reproduction. Some amoebas protect their bodies by covering themselves with sand grains. Others secrete a hardened shell that forms around them that has a mouthlike opening through which they extend their pseudopods. Certain relatives of the amoeba have whiplike organs of locomotion called flagella instead of pseudopods. When water or food is scarce, some amoebas respond by rolling into a ball and secreting a protective body covering called a cyst membrane. They exist in cyst form until conditions are more favorable for survival outside." http://www.scienceclarified.com/Al-As/Amoeba.html This source has thumbnail diagrams that you can click on to enlarge: "One of the simplest living animals, consisting of a single cell and belonging to the protozoa group. The body consists of colourless protoplasm. Its activities are controlled by the nucleus, and it feeds by flowing round and engulfing organic debris. It reproduces by binary fission. Some species of amoeba are harmful parasites." http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019255.html Did you know?? "Observations in the laboratory reveal a phenomenon best described as "midwifery". As an amoeba starts to replicate, other "midwife" amoebas reacting to chemical stimuli, related to the release of sugars, lipids, and protein from the stretching cell membrane, rush to the "birthing" site. The midwife amoebas actually aid the complete division by helping in the pulling process." http://www.olympusmicro.com/micd/galleries/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/amoeba/in dex.html And, to top it all off, here is a video where you can watch an amoeba reproduce!!!: The World of Protozoa: Amoeba Reproduction http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/23400-the-world-of-protozoa-amoeba-reproductionvideo.htm Isn't the internet amazing!!!!! Sources: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532745/reproduction_of_an_amoeba.html Sign in to report abuse or send a compliment
Librarian50 27 months ago

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Answer from denzacar 3 people found this helpful

It divides in half by a process called fission,producing two smaller daughter cells,which feed,grow & divide further
It divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells, which feed, grow and divide further. http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532745/reproduction_of_an_amoeba.html Reproduction of an Amoeba http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t047/T047852A.jp g The single-celled amoeba demonstrates a simple method of asexual reproduction; it divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells. After a period of feeding and growth, these two daughter cells will themselves divide in half. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_fission Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by prokaryotic organisms (such as bacteria or archaea). This process results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell by division into two parts which each have the potential to grow to the size of the original cell. Read further at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_fission

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproduction Asexual reproduction is reproduction which does not involve meiosis, ploidy reduction, or fertilization. Only one parent is involved in asexual reproduction. A more stringent definition is agamogenesis which refers to reproduction without the fusion of gametes. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such the archaea, bacteria, and protists. Many plants and fungi reproduce asexually as well. While all prokaryotes reproduce asexually (without the formation and fusion of gametes), mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction are sometimes likened to sexual reproduction.[1] A lack of sexual reproduction is relatively rare among multicellular organisms, for reasons that are not completely understood. Current hypotheses suggest that, while asexual reproduction may have short term benefits when rapid population growth is important or in stable environments, sexual reproduction offers a net advantage by allowing more rapid generation of genetic diversity, allowing adaptation to changing environments. Costs and benefits Because asexual reproduction does not require the formation of gametes (often in separate individuals) and bringing them together for fertilization, it occurs much faster than sexual reproduction and requires less energy. Asexual lineages can increase their numbers rapidly because all members can reproduce viable offspring. In sexual populations with two genders, some of the individuals are male and cannot themselves produce offspring. This means that an asexual lineage will have roughly double the rate of population growth under ideal conditions when compared with a sexual population half composed of males. This is known as the two-fold cost of sex. Other advantages include the ability to reproduce without a partner in situations where the population density is low (such as for some desert lizards), reducing the chance of finding a mate, or during colonisation of isolated habitats such as oceanic islands, where a single (female) member of the species is enough to start a population. A consequence of asexual reproduction, which may have both benefits and costs, is that offspring are typically genetically similar to their parent, with as broad a range as that individual receives from one parent. The lack of genetic recombination results in fewer genetic alternatives than with sexual reproduction. Many forms of asexual reproduction, for example budding or fragmentation, produce an exact replica of the parent. This genetic similarity may be beneficial if the genotype is well-suited to a stable environment, but disadvantageous if the environment is changing. For example, if a new predator or pathogen appears and a genotype is particularly defenseless against it, an asexual lineage is more likely to be completely wiped out by it. In contrast, a lineage that reproduces sexually has a higher probability of having more members survive due to the genetic recombination that produces a novel genotype in each individual. Similar arguments apply to changes in the physical environment. From an evolutionary standpoint, one could thus argue that asexual reproduction is inferior because it stifles the potential for change. However, there is also a significantly reduced chance of mutation or other complications that can result from the mixing of genes. A 2004 article in the journal Nature reported that the modern arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi, which reproduces asexually, is identical

to fossil records dating back to the Ordovician period, 460 million years ago.[2] Types of asexual reproduction Binary fission Main article: Binary fission Many single-celled organisms (unicellular), such as archaea, bacteria, and protists, reproduce asexually through binary fission. An exception to the rule are unicellular fungi such as fission yeast, unicellular algae such as Chlamydomonas, and ciliates and some other protists, which reproduce both sexually and asexually. Some single-celled organisms(unicellular) rely on one or more host organisms in order to reproduce, but most literally divide into two organisms. Budding Main article: Budding Some cells split via budding (for example baker's yeast), resulting in a 'mother' and 'daughter' cell. The offspring organism is smaller than the parent. Budding is also known on a multicellular level; an animal example is the hydra, which reproduces by budding. The buds grow into fully matured individuals which eventually break away from the parent organism. Vegetative reproduction Main article: Vegetative reproduction Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction found in plants where new independent individuals are formed without the production of seeds or spores. Examples for vegetative reproduction include the formation of plantlets on specialized leaves (for example in kalanchoe), the growth of new plants out of rhizomes or stolons (for example in strawberry), or the formation of new bulbs (for example in tulips). The resulting plants form a clonal colony. Spore formation Main article: Sporogenesis Many multicellular organisms form spores during their biological life cycle in a process called sporogenesis. Exceptions are animals and some protists, who undergo gametic meiosis immediately followed by fertilization. Plants and many algae on the other hand undergo sporic meiosis where meiosis leads to the formation of haploid spores rather than gametes. These spores grow into multicellular individuals (called gametophytes in the case of plants) without a fertilization event. These haploid individuals give rise to gametes through mitosis. Meiosis and gamete formation therefore occur in separate generations or "phases" of the life cycle, referred to as alternation of generations. Since sexual reproduction is often more narrowly defined as the fusion of gametes (fertilization), spore formation in plant sporophytes and algae might be considered a form of asexual reproduction (agamogenesis) despite being the result of meiosis and undergoing a reduction in ploidy. However, both events (spore formation and fertilization)

are necessary to complete sexual reproduction in the plant life cycle. Fungi and some algae can also utilize true asexual spore formation, which involves mitosis giving rise to reproductive cells called mitospores that develop into a new organism after dispersal. This method of reproduction is found for example in conidial fungi and the red alga Polysiphonia, and involves sporogenesis without meiosis. Thus the chromosome number of the spore cell is the same as that of the parent producing the spores. However, mitotic sporogenesis is an exception and most spores, such as those of plants, most Basidiomycota, and many algae, are produced by meiosis. Fragmentation Main article: Fragmentation (biology) Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from a fragment of the parent. Each fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual. Fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as animals (some annelid worms and sea stars), fungi, and plants. Some plants have specialized structures for reproduction via fragmentation, such as gemmae in liverworts. Most lichens, which are a symbiotic union of a fungus and photosynthetic algae or bacteria, reproduce through fragmentation to ensure that new individuals contain both symbionts. These fragments can take the form of soredia, dust-like particles consisting of fungal hyphae wrapped around photobiont cells. Read further at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_reproduction http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba Amoeba (sometimes amba or ameba, plural amoebae) is a term used either to describe protists that move by crawling[1] via pseudopods, or to refer to a genus that includes species that move by this mechanism. Terminology In the past, it was believed that organisms moving via pseudopods were closely related. However, it is now understood that many different unrelated organisms have evolved to shed their external structure and "taken up the amoeboid way of life".[3]. Because of this, classifying all these organisms together because of their method of locomotion would be similar to classifying all flying and gliding animals in a single group. Still, because the means of locomotion is one of the easiest traits to identify upon microscopy, the broader sense of the term has endured. Read further at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoeba Sources: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532745/reproduction_of_an_amoeba.html

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denzacar 27 months ago

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Answer from playhacker 1 people found this helpful

It reproduces through binary fission. One amoeba divides in half as two exact copies.
Here's a detailed description of Amoeba Reproduction: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml The amoeba is a tiny, one-celled organism. You need a microscope to see most amoebas - the largest are only about 1 mm across. Amoebas live in fresh water (like puddle and ponds), in salt water, in wet soil, and in animals (including people). There are many different types of amoebas. The name amoeba comes from the Greek word amoibe, which means change. (Amoeba is sometimes spelled ameba.) Anatomy: An amoeba consists of a single blobby cell surrounded by a porous cell membrane. The amoeba "breathes" using this membrane - oxygen gas from the water passes in to the amoeba through the cell membrane and carbon dioxide gas leaves through it. A complex, jellylike series of folded membranes called cytoplasm fills most of the cell. A large, disk-shaped nucleus within the amoeba controls the growth and reproduction of the amoeba. Diet: Amoebas eat algae, bacteria, plant cells, and microscopic protozoa and metazoa - some

amoebas are parasites. They eat by surrounding tiny particles of food with pseudopods, forming a bubble-like food vacuole. The food vacuole digests the food. Wastes and excess water are transported outside the cell by contractile vacuoles. Locomotion: Amoebas move by changing the shape of their body, forming pseudopods (temporary foot-like structures). The word pseudopod means "false foot." Reproduction: Amoebas reproduce asexually by binary fission. A parent cell divides (the nucleus also divides in a process called fission) and produces two smaller copies of itself. Classification: Eukaryota (organisms with nucleated cells), Kingdom Protista (flagellates, amoebae, algae, and parasitic protists), Phylum Protozoa (single-celled organisms), Class Sarcodina (having pseudopods). =========== An already answered question: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index? qid=20080304055155AArG1Mz =========== Picture of an Amoeba going through Binary Fission: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532745/reproduction_of_an_amoeba.html The single-celled amoeba demonstrates a simple method of asexual reproduction; it divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells. After a period of feeding and growth, these two daughter cells will themselves divide in half. Sources: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/protists/amoeba.shtml Sign in to report abuse or send a compliment
playhacker 27 months ago

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Answer from AnneLiese 0 people found this helpful

The single-celled amoeba reproduce by dividing itself into half producing 2 smaller daughter cells...more
Reproduction of an Amoeba The single-celled amoeba demonstrates a simple method of asexual reproduction; it divides in half by a process called fission, producing two smaller daughter cells. After a period of feeding and growth, these two daughter cells will themselves divide in half. Sources: http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532745/reproduction_of_an_amoeba.html Sign in to report abuse or send a compliment
AnneLiese 27 months ago

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