WOS: 1 AN: AN 202/AD 302(1402) MATERIALS SCIENCE. AND ENGINEERING ‘Time: Three hours Maximum marks: 100 Answer rvs questions, taking xs Two fiom Group A, ax rwo from Group B and 1. ftom Group C. Allparts ofa question (a, b ete) should be answered at one place. Answer should be brief and to-the-point and be supple ‘mented with neat sketches. Unnecessary long answers ‘may result in loss of marks. ‘Any missing data or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving proper justification Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks. Group A (2) Caloslate the volume of an FCC unit cel in terms ofthe atomic radius, R, Show thatthe atomic packing factor of FCC unit cel is more than that of BCC. 10 (b) Ditteremtiate beween Frenkel pairs and Shottkey defects 5 (c) Explain why interstitial atoms such as C in Fe, ean Ailuse more rapidly, compared to vacancies 5 (Tum Over)2 (a) (o) tea 3. a) A 202/80 30241402) 1 A tensile sample of polycrystalline copper has been loaded in tension to an arbitrary stress, 0 exceeding the yield stress, and then unloaded. (2) With & schematic tre stress-true strain eurve representing the loading and unloading beha- vou, show how elastic a plastic strains can be determined, (4) Irie sample was. single crystal of copper, and subjected to compression right after unloading intension, will the yield stress be equalto, more or less than 0 Explain 10 Assumingthat thetruestress-truestraincurvefollows the relation: ot Kep, where ois the tue stress, , is the flow stress at plastic strain=0, ¢, tue plastic strain, and a is the strain hardening exponent Show that the rate of strain hardening, do/ de, is a function of 2, 0, 69 and ¢,. Estimate the value of doi de, 00 MPa and, Draw schematiestressstrainarves for idealy clastic, ideally plastic and viscoclastic solid. Explain how is the behaviour of viscoelastic solid different from those of other two. 5 Explain why is twinning associated with homo- ‘geneous shear, though atoms are displaeed by eal distance in slip? 3 (Comin 108 202/40 40211402)" way {(b) What are the three regimes of a typical creep curve, showing cteep strain against time Distinguish between the deformation mechanisms involvedinthe three stages of creep (c} What is the fundamental difference between stress- relaxation test and a creep test?” (2) Explain on the basis of dislocation theory, why ceramics and intermetallic compounds are brite, While metals ere ductile? 0) Consider a single cxystl of silver (foe). The angle between normals 10 the planes (4, k, J) and Cig ky his 08 (dy gt hy yt LV LURE BD UE +B BYP Ifa tensile stress of 10.0MPa is applied along the [010] direction. Determine the resolved shear stress along the (111) plane and {110} direction. Mild steel samples A, Band C have been fractured by impact at liquid nittogen temperature and in tension with a strain rate of 10-$s"! at 700°Cin air, Explain with reasons the differences in fracture surface morphology Ww What are the diferences in grain structure and dis location substructure do you expect alter working Jiferent parts of same strip of copper through similar reduction at room temperature and 06 ofits absolute smelting point 10 5 (Tun Over5. [AN 202/AD 302 (1402) cay Group B (a) What are the eutectoid and eutectic reactions in the Fe-C binary phase diagram ? 4 (0) you carry ot impact test on 0-4%C steal, subjected to heat treatments: (i) quenching in brine after soaking above the A3, and (i) tempering at SO0°C for 1h. Wil the results vary? Explain, 4 le {A plate of iron is exposed to a carburizing (carbon- rich) atmosphere on one side and a decarburizing (carbon-deficient) atmosphere on the other side at 700°C. If a condition of steady-state is achieved, calculate the diffusion lux of carbonthroughtheplate, if the concentrations of carbon at postions of Smm and 10mm beneath the carburizing surface are 1:2 and O8kg/m*. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 3x 10°""m? /s at this temperature. How will you attempt the same problem, if non-steady state conditions exist 6 a Dilferentate between age hardening and dispersion hardening, emphasizing on how dislocations interact with the second phase and suitability for application of the materials strengthened by those methods at high temperatures. 6 (42) Whatare the twomechanisms responsiblefor thermal conductivity in materials? Why are amorphous ‘ceramics or polymers less thermally conductive, compared to those, which are crystalline? 6 (Centined) (0) Explain two different sources of thermal stresses in materials, which could be of any dimensions and used in diferent structural components. How is the thermal shock resistance dependent on thermal ‘conductivity, coeflicientof thermalexpansion, elastic ‘modslus, and anisotropy along crystallographic directions”? fa How will you select and design materials to be wsed in (i) turbine blades of jet engines, operating at 1300°C, (i) propellerof a ship travllingin the Arctic ‘ocean. Emphasize on requirements of microstructure, physical and mechanical properties. (2) What do you mean by glass transition temperature? How do the plots showing variation of specificvolame with temperature for amorphous glass ceramic and crystalline solid difer? (5) ‘Why are ionic ceramics used as dieletrc in capaci- tors, and what does dielectric constant depend on? What is special in ferro-clectric ceramics, and is it necessary for ion to be present? (c} Distinguish between structure and properties of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins. 6 (4) Is substitutional solid solution of ceramics possible? What is the additional condition, which is not & requirement for metals? 3 (2) Distinguish between paramagnetism and ferromeg: nnetism, explaining the mechanisms involving electron spins 5 ‘As 202/A 3021402) os (Te Overs(b) Draw the magnetic hysteresis loop for hard and soft ‘magnets, and explain the diferencesin behaviour in response to alternating field with emphasis on the ‘magnetization parameters. 3 {(c} Distinguish berween addition and condensation poly- merization, and state which of those are applied for processing polyethylene and polycarbonates. s ir Using the character of electron distribution in diffe rent energy bands, explain the cause behindamatrial acting as conductor, and other acting as insulator. 5 Group C Answer the following questions in one or two sentences: 2x10 (i) How many independent slip systems are required for plastic deformation in polycrystalline materials? Gi) Why is the acwal fracture strength of materials normally 10.'= 10-* times that of the theoretical cohesive strength? ii) Which microstroctural parameter of a material can be tailored to increase simultaneously the yield strength as well asthe fracture toughness? (iv) Under the application of an exteanal stress, what is thedirection of movement ofedge and screw disloca: tion ina solid with respect to the Burgers vector? (6) There are two alloys, one with a very high stacking fault energy compared 10 the other, which one is ‘expected to demonstrate a higher rateof strain hard ning? (7) Why does addition polymerization need a monomer with carbon-carbon double bond to begin with’? (02) Whatarethe wo mechanisms of clastic deformation of elastomers such as rubber, which are absent in metals? (uf) What is the cause of dielectsic energy loss, when direction of an external electric fields alternated? (12) What is the principal difference in the elastic and. physical properties of particle and fibre reinforced composites, which is important from the point of view of application? (4) What modification was made in the expression of Grifth theory for universal application to all mate vials? AN 202/AD 30214021, ven (Centined) AN 204sN0 3021400 on 36--11,000