Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

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Li ni u
1. 2. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 4. 5.

Nguyn l hot ng ca EDFA Yu cu ngun bm

2 Cu trc b khuch i EDFA 3 3+ Phn b nng lng ca Er 4 Nguyn l hot ng ca EDFA 5 5 6 Cc modul tiu chun ca EDFA 6 Kt lun 7

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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

LI NI U

Hin nay, thng tin quang pht trin mnh Vit Nam v hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii. cc tuyn cp quang pht huy hiu qu v truyn i c ly xa th phi c b khuch i ph hp. B khuch i quang si ra i thay th c cc trm lp phi thc hin qua trnh bin i quang - in v in - quang v qu trnh khuch i tn hiu phi thc hin trn min in. B khuch i quang si EDFA thc hin khuch i trc tip tn hiu quang m khng phi thng qua qu trnh bin i v tn hiu in. N khc phc c nhiu hn ch ca trm lp nh v bng tn, cu trc phc tp, nh hng ca nhiu in t... Chnh v iu em la chn ti B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium. Nhng do khun kh ca ca bi vit v kin thc cn hn ch nn khi nghin cu v k thut quang tin tin ny em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st trong chuyn . Knh mong nhn c nhng kin ch bo ca thy, c gio em c hon thin hn na v kin thc ca mnh. Em xin chn thnh cm n thy, c gio ch bo v gip em thc hin ti ny. Sinh vin thc hin

Kiu Khc Cng

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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

B KHUCH I QUANG SI PHA TRN ERBIUM

1. Cu trc b khuch i EDFA Cu trc ca mt b khuch i quang si pha trn ERBIUM bao gm cc thnh phn: Si pha tp Erbium, b ghp quang theo buc sng WDM, cc b cch li quang, ngun bm laser.
B cch ly quang B cch ly quang

WDM

EDF

Laser bm

Hnh 1: S cu trc ca b khuch i EDFA Chc nng ca cc thnh phn cu trc nn b khuch i EDFA
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Si pha tp Erbium: y l thnh phn quan trng nht ca b khuch i EDFA, c cu to bi mt si quang c pha tp Erbium, chiu di ca si quang ny di t vi mt n vi chc mt. Si ny gi l si tch cc v chng c kh nng t khuch i hoc ti to tn hiu nu nh c kch thch ph hp. Cu to si EDF c m t nh hnh v.
Vng li pha vi Ge c d=3-6m Vng cng cao c pha Er3+

Ch s chit sut n=0,01-0,05

Lp bc silica d=125m

Lp ph d=250m

Hnh 2: Cu trc hnh hc li si pha tp Erbium Cu trc si EDF ging nh si n mode tiu chun trong Vin thng.

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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

Vng li trung tm: y on si c li SiO2 hoc SiO2 AL2O3 c pha trn Er3+ vi nng t 1002000ppm c ng knh t 36m. y l ni c cng bm v tn hiu cao nht. Lp bc: Lp ny c chit sut thp hn bao xung quanh li v c ng knh 125m to thnh cu trc ng dn sng v tng bn c hc. Lp ph: Lp ny c ng knh 250m bao quanh lp bc v c chit sut ln hn so vi bc loa b cc nh sng khng mong mun truyn trong v.
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Ngn bm Laser: L cc Laser cng sut cao c lm Laser bm cung cp nng lng quang cho EDF. Bc sng hot ng ca Laser bm l 980nm hoc 1480nm. Cng sut bm thng t 10mW80mW. B ghp bc sng WDM: Dng ghp nh sng tn hiu vi nh sang t ngun bm vo trong si quang. B WDM cho php ghp cc nh sng tn hiu c bc sng 1550nm vi nh sang ngun bm l 980nm hoc 1480nm. B cch ly quang: C tc dng lm gim phn x t tn hiu nh sng khuch i v pha pht v cc tn hiu quang trn ng truyn v b khuch i EDFA.

2. Phn b nng lng ca Er3+ Cc nguyn t Erbium ho tr 3 (Er3+) l nhng nguyn t tch cc trong b khuch i c nhim v khuch i tn hiu nh sng da vo hin tng pht x kch thch ca Er3+. S phn b nng lng ca Er3+ c m t nh sau:

Vng bm

520nm 543nm 650nm 800nm 980nm Khng bc x

H11/2 S3/2

F9/2 I9/2

Khuch i 1550 - 1660

Siu bn 1480nm 1550nm

T pht

I11/2 I13/2

Hnh 3: Gin phn b nng lng ca ion Er Trng thi nn

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3+

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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

Cc ion Er3+ tn ti cc vng nng lng khc nhau:

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Vng 4I15/2: gi l vng nn, c mc nng lng thp nht Vng 4I13/2: Vng ny gi l vng siu bn, cc ion Er 3+ c thi gian sng vng ny khong 10ms (lu hn cc vng khc). Ti vng ny, mt phn b nng lng ca cc ion Er3+ l khng u nhau. cc vng c mc nng lng thp th cc ion Er3+ c xu hng tp trung nhiu hn. M mc nng lng li ph thuc vo bc sng. Do vy kh nng hp th photon v pht x photon ca ion Er 3+ thay i theo bc sng. Vng 4I11/2 n vng 2H11/2: c gi l vng bm, y l cc vng c mc nng lng cao v thi gian sng ca cc ion Er3+ vng ny rt ngn, ch khong 1s.

Khi c ngun bm, cc ion Er3+ s nhn nng lng t cc photon v chng s chuyn ln vng c nng lng cao hn (tu thuc vo mc nng lng m cc ion Er3+ nhn c tng ng vi chnh lch nng lng gia vng nng lng cao hn so vi vng nn). V d: Khi sng bm c bc sng l 1480nm c mc nng lng ca photon l 0,841eV th cc ion Er3+ s chuyn t vng nn n nh ca trng thi siu bn. Sau khi cc ion Er3+ chuyn ln vng c mc nng lng cao hn tng ng th lun c xu hng chuyn v vng c mt in t cao (vng nng lng thp). Khi cc ion Er3+ chuyn t vng nng lng cao xung vng nng lng thp th xy ra hin tng: Phn r khng bc x v bc x ra nh sng. 3. Nguyn l hot ng ca EDFA 3.1.Nguyn l hot ng ca EDFA Cc qu trnh xy ra bc x xaye ra trong EDFA c th c phn cp thnh bc x kch thch v bc x t pht. Sau khi cc ion Er 3+ chuyn t trng thi nn ln vng nng lng cao hn thng qua s hp th nng lng photon t nh sng ngun bm, n s khng pht x t cc mc nng lng cao hn cho n khi tin ti vng siu bn 4I13/2. nh sng tn hiu i s i n vi cc ion Er3+ c kch thch. Qu trnh bc x kch thch s to ra nhng photon ph c cng pha v hng quang nh tn hiu ti. Nh vy nh sng tn hiu c khuych i. Cc ion Er 3+ c kch thch m khng tng tc vi nh sng tn hiu s phn r t pht v trng thi nn. Pht x t pht c pha v hng ngu nhin v n tr thnh ngun nhiu quang. u ra ca b khuych i nhiu ny cng c khuch i v to ra bc x t pht khuch i Chng ta xt c th nguyn l hot ng ca b khuch i ti ngun bm c bc sng 980nm v 1480nm:
- Khi b khuch i s dng ngun bm 980nm (H thng 3 mc): Cc ion Er3+ s

nhn nng lng ca ngun bm v chuyn ln vng trng thi nng lng cao hn l vng 4I11/2. Ti vng ny cc ion Er3+ bc x rt nhanh (khong 1s) ri chuyn xung vng siu bn 4I13/2.
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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium - Khi b khuch i s dng ngun bm 1480nm: Cc ion Er3+ s nhn nng lng

ca ngun bm v chuyn ln vng trng thi nng lng cao hn l nh vng siu bn 4I13/2. Lc ny, khi nh sng tn hiu i vo si EDF th mt phn photon b hp th bi cc ion Er3+ vng nn dn n nh sng b suy hao. Mt phn cc photon ca nh sng tn hiu kch thch cc ion Er3+ vng siu bn. Cc ion Er3+ b kch thch s chuyn t vng siu bn xung vng nn v pht ra photon mi c cng pha cng chiu, cng bc sng vi nh sng tn hiu. Vng bc sng hot ng ca b khuch i EDFA l t 1430nm n 1565nm 3.2.Yu cu ngun bm Theo gin phn b nng lng ca Erbium, ngun bm cho b khuch i EDFA c th s dng cc bc sng 650nm, 800nm, 980nm v 1480nm. Nhng ta thy nu s dng ngun bm cc bc sng 650nm, 800nm th hiu sut bm khng cao do cc ion Er3+ phi tri qua 4 n 5 giai on chuyn i mc nng lng bc x ra cc photon nh sng. Do vy ngun bm cho b khuch i EDFA ch s dng bc sng 980nm v 1480nm. Tu thuc vo mc ch s dng b khuch i m ngi ta s dng ngun bm c bc sng ph hp. i vi bc sng 980nm thng c s dng cho b tin khuch i, bc sng 1480nm thng c s dng cho b khuch i cng sut 4. Cc modul tiu chun ca EDFA Trong thc t EDFA c phn thnh ba loi chnh theo cc cu hnh bm gi l cc modul tiu chun. l cu hnh bm xui, bm ngc v bm hai hng (hai chiu) nh hnh v:
a) Cu hnh bm xui

Cu hnh khuch i bm ng hng c c im l hng nh sng bm v hng nh sng tn hiu cng chiu nn c tp m thp. Tuy nhin cng sut li ra c th b suy gim do hp th ngc.
B cch Tn hiu ly quang quang vo WDM EDF B cch ly quang Tn hiu quang ra

Laser bm

Hnh 3: Cu hnh bm xui b) Cu hnh bm ngc

B cch Tn hiu ly quang quang vo EDF WDM B cch ly quang Tn hiu quang ra

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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

Hnh 4: Cu hnh bm ngc Hng nh sng bm v hng nh sng tn hiu ngc hng nhau. Cng sut quang li ra ca cu hnh ny l cao, khng b nh hng bi hp th ngc v rt tin li trong vic tng cng cng sut tn hiu vo tuyn cp quang, nhng tp m kh ln do khuch i bc x t pht (ASE Amplifed Spontaneous Emission). c) Cu hnh bm hai hng Khi kt hp c hai cu hnh trn ta s c cc u im ni bt nh cng sut quang li ra cao v tp m tng i thp
B cch ly quang B cch ly quang

Tn hiu quang vo

WDM

EDF

WDM

Tn hiu quang ra

Laser bm

Laser bm

5. Kt lun Khuch i quang si EDFA l mt trng k thut thng tin quan tin tin v rt quan trng trong h thng thng tin quang. Do c nhiu u im ni tri m cc b khuch i quang si nhanh chng c a vo s dng trong mng li Vin thng. Chng cho php ko di c li truyn n rt nhiu v lm tng tc bt ng truyn. Mt b khuch i quang si c th thay th hng lot cc trm lp lm gim cc trm thit b trn tuyn, n gin ho cu trc h thng v gim gi thnh u t trn ton tuyn.

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Chuyn Thng tin quang B khuch i quang si pha trn Erbium

Ti liu tham kho

1/ K thut Thng tin quang 2 THS: vn Vit Em 2/ Khuch i quang si v kh nng ng dng trn mng vin thng (Kt qu NCKH v CN nm 1994) - V Tun Lm 3/ Kho st s ph thuc cc c trng khuch i ca b khuch i quang si Erbium bc sng kch thch 140nm Nguyn Qu Tun -Trng HSP i hc nng (nm 2010)

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