COMMERCIAL-IN-CONFIDENCE

COMMERCIAL-IN-CONFIDENCE
ECM - JAMMERS
User Manual For The Operation Of The Vehicle Mounted MALLETT & Trolley Based MANDREL Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) Jammers
BDL Document Number: 98/ECM/ESP/GEN/02/02 March 05, 1998 Issue 1.0
This product is licensed and copy written by
BDL Systems Limited

Ordnance House Blackhill Road Holton Heath, Poole Dorset, BH16 6LW, UK All rights reserved.
The information contained in this manual has been checked and is believed to be correct and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. Furthermore, BDL Systems Limited reserve the right to make changes to any product described herein to improve the products reliability, function, or design. BDL Systems do not assume liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. All trademarks, registered or not, are property of their respective owners.
BDL Systems Limited, Ordnance House, Blackhill Road, Holton Heath, Dorset, BH16 6LW, UK Phone No : +44 1202 628155 Fax Number: +44 1202 620182
COMMERCIAL-IN-CONFIDENCE
Commercial-In-Confidence
BDL SYSTEMS LIMITED

This document has been prepared by BDL Systems Limited to provide detail on the MALLETT and MANDREL Jamming Systems. Any further information on this system, or any other BDL Systems Limited product should be requested from:BDL Systems Limited, Ordnance House, Blackhill Road, Holton Heath, Poole, Dorset, BH16 6LW Tel: Fax: E-Mail (technical) : E-Mail (sales) : Web Site : +44 1202 628155 +44 1202 620182 technical@bdlsystems.com sales@bdlsystems.com http://www.bdlsystems.com
Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 1
1.
INTRODUCTION TO ECM JAMMER USER MANUAL
This ECM User Manual introduces operators and their managers to the basic concepts of the BDL Systems Limited MALLETT & MANDREL ECM equipments and provides details on the procedures which should be adopted to ensure that the system is correctly operated and maintained. It provides introductory details concerning the basic function of such systems, specific safety issues associated with the use of a Jammer and a brief outline of the physical operation and environmental scenarios that may be encountered when using a device of this nature. The usage of this type of equipment for EOD operations is, by its nature, a specialised and complex function. The intention of this manual is to provide sufficient information for a proficient user of RF Jamming equipment to formulate their own operational procedures and guidelines for a wide range of scenarios and situations which may arise when deploying the Jamming system in question. More detailed operational procedures, safety hazard warnings and system configuration descriptions are given later in this document. This User Manual should be read in conjunction with the Maintenance Manual (Document No: 97/ECM/MAIN0lA Issue 3) in order to fully appreciate the operational capability and limitations of this equipment. Due to the wide range of EOD operations that may be necessary, diverse terrorist threats and the evolving nature of technological advances in RF communications equipment, the systems described in this manual should not be treated as providing complete protection against this particular type of threat. This equipment should be used in conjunction with all other usual counter terrorist equipment and procedures to ensure that the possible threat to any operative is minimised to the lowest possible level. 1.1 Introduction To Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) Equipment
In simplistic terms, in order to disrupt a radio link, one or more elements of the system in question must be made to malfunction. For devices to be developed which are suitable for this function, it is desirable that they trigger this malfunction at a distance and utilise techniques which are both relatively available and easy to produce. Any transmitter (usually emitting high power signals) reacts to its environment through means of audio waves, infra red or button pressing, (or alternative undefined trigger device). The transmitter then sends the necessary coded signals for the intended receiver (or receivers) to react. In order to affect this device, it would be necessary to subject it to a great deal of electrical (and probably physical) disruption. A receiver, however, works on the principle of detecting weak levels of RF picked up from the transmitter source, converting them into a signal that can be interpreted and then turning that signal into the appropriate code for further processing or action. In order to disrupt or "jam" this device, an appropriate level of RF (invisible to the terrorists) can be created, which has the desired effect.
The two main objectives of this process are: i. To reduce the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) on the airwaves around the Jammer so that no receiver can correctly determine the code being sent to it. To reduce the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) at some point within the receiver, in order to hide the code.
ii.
The first can be accomplished by simply scanning an RF tone across the frequency band at high speed. However, this will generate little extra noise within the receiver, except when the specific receiver frequency is targeted. To make the SNR even lower, the Jammer can produce a block of signals. By doing this, these signals will inter-modulate within the receiver. The advantage of doing this is that a receiver is sensitive to 8 or 9 kHz of bandwidth and can therefore filter out a large percentage of a Jammer output. Inter-modulation causes signals from as much as 10MHz or 20MHz of the bandwidth to fall inside the sensitive band of the receiver. Although these inter-modulated signals are less in volume, they are so much greater in quantity, that it becomes very difficult to use the system (i.e. the system is jammed). As most receivers, and almost all commercially available ones, use an IF of 455kHz, the jamming tones are generated so that even greater amounts of noise fall inside the sensitive area of the receiver. Once the SNR falls to a certain level (normally 10dB on AM and about 6dB on FM, PSK, QPSK etc.) then the systems are effectively jammed. With this jamming technique it does not matter if the terrorist tweaks a commercially produced system to operate at a completely unknown frequency : it can still be successfully jammed. In addition, the cheaper the system, the poorer the filtering generally, and therefore the receiver will respond to greater amounts of RF, maybe 30 to 40 MHz bandwidth up to 1000MHz centre frequency, making it easier to jam. The BDL Systems Limited equipment operates with frequency steps of 250kHz (or 25kHz in Enhanced modes) and therefore targets these receivers directly within their operating frequency range. Jamming AM AM (Amplitude Modulation) as its name suggests, is "looking for" amplitude and if a bomb were triggered by such a device, almost anything creating a short signal at the receiver frequency could set the bomb off. One terrorist technique overcomes this problem by employing model radio control units. The terrorist sets up the device to go off if two servos are in a particular position. This means that the device is no longer looking for a signal level above which detonation occurs. Rather, a signal of a certain level, with a minimum duration, often with a particular modulation must be received.
1.2
Safety
Due to the wide-band frequency radiation emanating from the MALLETT & MANDREL, the following should be kept in mind: 1. Any electronic equipment may be temporarily or permanently effected. i.e. radios will malfunction computers, tape recorders etc. may be damaged car alarms may go off people with pace-makers in close proximity may be subjected to unwarranted distress
2.
Due to the presence of high e.m. fields while jamming, operating personnel should be aware of all that this implies. National/International standards exist, prescribing recommended radiation protection guides to prevent biological injury resulting from exposure to e m. Radiation For details consult the standards, such as IEEE C95.1 - 1991 IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to RF e.m. fields, 3kHz to 300GHz. (NonIonizing Radiation Hazards) WARNING : Observe National/ International safety recommendations concerning RF radiation. High radiation levels can be dangerous
Specific care should be taken with any Telephone Jammer equipment. Frequencies of this type (ie. 1.5GHz to 1.9GHz) at high powers can be particularly hazardous to the human body and extreme care should be taken to keep any exposure to all RF hazards (particular the higher frequency signals) to a minimum. Wherever possible keep as large a distance as is practical between any operators and the equipment when emissions are taking place.
1.3
Basic Usage Of ECM Jamming Equipment
There are two main points that should be considered while using the MALLETT, MANDREL or any other jamming equipment for EOD or similar purposes: a. The equipment radiates in an omni-directional pattern, this pattern can be severely deformed by the presence of human beings, cars, lorries and adjacent buildings with steel reinforcing rods. These items should not, wherever possible, be in direct line of sight from the Jammer to the target to be protected. The signal attenuation caused by these objects can not be estimated easily. Wherever possible, an operator using this equipment should not approach "line of sight" towards the target device. Some items absorb RF radiation, whilst others reflect it. Reflections can cause destructive interference. If this occurs, it may result in insufficient RF energy being received at the target to be protected. Signal reduction or cancellation caused by this is again difficult to estimate.
b.
In order to minimise these effects, the following points should be observed wherever practically possible. i. Avoid situations where people can stand (or move) between the Jammer and the target device to be disrupted. The Jammer should be in as open a space as possible, it should be remembered that reflections from metal objects (such as parked cars, lorries etc.) can be quite significant. Avoid large buildings (may contain metal structures). All this can cause a potential degradation in the effectiveness of the system.
ii
Therefore, i. Wherever possible, keep a clear line of sight between the Jammer and the target device Try to keep an area of ground from the Jammer (in line with the target device) clear to minimise any direct destructive interference of the signal. As a general rule of thumb, ensure that the clear area from the Jammer is no less than half the distance to the target device i.e. if 20m from the target, try to keep an area from the Jammer of at least 10m). Keep side reflections to a minimum by maximising the path between the Jammer and the target. In general try to keep this path as wide as the clear area from the Jammer.
ii
iii.
2.
2.1
MALLETT PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

General
The MALLETT is a broad-band jamming system, mounted within a suitable vehicle, that generates electrical noise capable of disrupting or inhibiting readily available commercial radio control systems. The MALLETT can be used in a fixed or mobile situation, giving protection for VIP's or EOD operatives. The radiation pattern is essentially omni-directional in free space, but under identical electrical conditions it will be distorted in more confined places. i.e. near buildings with steel-rod reinforcing, near lorries or any other objects that include metals as constituent parts. It should also be noted that human beings also cast radio shadows. PROTECTION DISTANCE AND EFFECTIVENESS WILL DEPEND GREATLY ON THE TYPE, POWER AND POSITIONING OF THE ATTACKING TRANSMITTER. A comprehensive control facility is offered for use by the operator by means of a touch screen computer system. Fully detailed operating instructions for this process are given later in this document. 2.2 Environment
The equipment is designed for storage and operation in the following environmental temperature and humidity ranges, specified as being external to the host vehicle. Details of the necessary operating conditions within the vehicle are covered in a later section of this document. Operating Temperature approx: Storage Temperature approx: 2.3 Power Supply -10C to + 55C (Rel. Hum: 100%) -10C to + 65C (Rel. Hum: 100%)
The MALLETT runs on a nominal 24V dc supply, which is obtained in one of two ways: a). A 24 Volt, 175 Amp-hour capacity battery pack, (consisting of 4 off OldhamCrompton 3KQ11-6 Volt cells). Operation of this equipment solely by means of fully-charged batteries is in the order of 30 minutes transmission if all bands are operated. With the vehicle engine running, the equipment can be powered by a 24 Volt, 150Amp alternator. In this case the alternator supplies all the current requirements, including the current for charging the battery. However, this depends on the current generated by the alternator and the current used by the MALLETT. The higher the engine speed, the larger the current generated. However, the maximum engine speed is limited to 6000 rpm. Alternator operation allows continuous transmission as long as the MALLETT
b).
temperature is within safe limits. The alternator can be switched On and Off from the switch positioned on the dashboard (labelled as "MALLETT ALT"). A DC-DC converter changes the 24 Volt input to 28.5 Volts in order to provide power to the RF Power Amplifiers, and is capable of supplying in excess of 100 Amps. For both of the above cases, excess MALLETT temperature will terminate transmission sooner than the stated time. It is essential to use the Air Conditioning (A/C) to sustain prolonged transmission. 2.4 Cooling System
As the input power of up to 2400W (24V @ 100A) implies, substantial thermal energy can be generated by the MALLETT. To ensure reliable operation of the MALLETT, this heat has to be dissipated or dispersed. In order to support this heat dissipation, the vehicle must be fitted with a primary Air Conditioning (A/C) system. To supplement the primary vehicle A/C, a secondary unit has been incorporated into the MALLETT system, the output of which is directly coupled to the MALLETT Power Amplifier unit. In addition to the secondary A/C, a provision for fans is provided within the equipment to allow cool air to be drawn into the MALLETT system on specific components or modules which dissipate this heat energy. If the MALLETT temperature becomes excessive (the temperature can be preset by the user), a warning flag will be displayed on the touch screen. If this happens, transmission may be terminated automatically by means of internal thermal switch mechanisms (set to operate in the region of 65C to 70C), to allow the RF Power Amplifiers to cool down. If these thermal switches are tripped, after a period during which the RF Power Amplifiers have cooled down enough, RF transmission resumes. If further operation of the MALLETT is not desired after tripping the thermal switch, the operator should disable the RF amplifier switches on the touch screen controller. 2.5 Frequency Transmission Bands
The frequency coverage of the MALLETT is from 20MHz to 1000MHz, using five separate Power Amplifiers to cover each of the following three bands of operation BAND 1: Sub-band a. 20 MHz to 50 MHz Sub-band b. 50 MHz to 150 MHz Sub-band c. 150 MHz to 300 MHz 300 MHz to 600 MHz 600 MHz to 1000 MHz
BAND 2: BAND 3:
BAND 1 is subdivided, because one antenna & Power Amplifier set can not cover this frequency range. The output from the Band 1 Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS), is split to form the bands described above and fed directly to three independent Power Amplifiers. The output from these PAs are coupled to three whip antenna
mounted on the vehicle. Band 2 & 3 DDS outputs are fed through internal mixer circuits and PAs and feed bi-cone Antenna mounted on the roof. The diagram below shows a schematic representation of the internal configuration for this equipment.
All control instructions and system interfaces are controlled by the microprocessor within the MALLETT.
The standard configuration of antenna plates on the roof of the vehicle (including the Direction Finding Antenna Array) is shown below. Under no circumstances should the MALLETT be operated without these antennas (or suitable dummy loads) connected to the correct output connectors (colour coded) on the vehicle bulkhead.
In addition to the standard MALLETT transmission bands, the equipment also contains Telephone Jamming equipment, to cover the frequency range 1.5-1.9 GHz. 2.6 RF Output Power
Each of the three bands is designed to give 100 Watts (rms) power output into 50 under ideal test conditions. The bands can be used individually or in any combination of the three bands simultaneously . This high RF power output gives rise to high field-strength, and should be treated with caution. In particular, do not stand close to any antennas outside the vehicle while transmission is in progress. If staying outside is a necessity, limit the time of exposure to the minimum possible and keep as greater distance as possible from the vehicle. It is safer to be within the vehicle, but RF hot-spots can occur due to the somewhat open nature of the vehicle (i.e. glass windows by themselves do not stop RF radiation re-entering the vehicle). Additional screening and earthing may be necessary for each individual vehicle containing such equipment.
2.7
Jamming Sweep Rate
Jamming is created by sweeping an electronically noisy signal across each frequency band at a high rate of 8MHz, each step being 250kHz. (or 25kHz for enhanced bands). BAND 3 has the highest Band-Width of 400MHz. With 250kHz per step it requires 1600 steps, which at 8MHz sweep rate gives a maximum scan time of 0.2ms (ie. 5000 scans per second). 2.8 WINDOWS & Enhancement Functions
The frequency transmission per band does not have to be continually scanned in such a way that all the frequencies are jammed all the time. The Jammer has the capability to have WINDOWS programmed into it, where the transmitted RF power level is significantly reduced to allow safe channels to be used for communication purposes. These safe channels can include local TV/RADIO/emergency services/relay/specific frequency transmissions. Due to the diversity of chosen frequency bands used for these purposes throughout the world, these WINDOWS are not an integral part of the MALLETT system, and have to be programmed into the MALLETT by using the touch screen facility, or in the case of any external MANDREL Jammer controlled by the vehicle, or an external lap top/ programmed memory card. The maximum number of programmable WINDOWS is visually dependant on the amount of information which can be displayed on the programming screen at any one time, and the possibility of interactions between adjacent windows in a particular frequency band. However, adding extra WINDOWS into the programme results in a smaller number of DDS codes, and therefore both a faster calculation phase and a faster scan time across the band (the amount of memory within the system is minimised). The current status of the equipment will allow more than 20 WINDOWS (and enhancements) to be incorporated into a frequency protocol for a Jamming sequence. The minimum WINDOW width which can be programmed is 250 kHz, however, it should be noted that due to the AM and FM modulation imposed onto the RF signal, it is advisable to allow as wide a window as possible to prevent sideband noise affecting any communications or data transmission within the proposed WINDOWS. If a WINDOW is programmed into the system, full output power from the Jammer is available within approximately 500 kHz of the programmed edge of each WINDOW. Alternatively, it is possible to program in excess of 20 separate frequency bands where transmission is to take place. All the above frequency related operations are controlled by a programmable Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS) within the RF CONTROL UNIT. In addition to the WINDOWS function, the MALLETT (and MANDREL) allow the user to program specific threat bands with Enhanced modes. This effectively slows down the scan rate by 10 times, providing extra RF power to these frequencies during each scan when activated. It should be noted here that Enhanced Bands require a greater degree of memory within the Jammer circuitry. Therefore, the user
can not have an infinite number of enhanced bands within any separate jamming band. Generally, the more complex the programme, the more memory is used in the circuitry and the longer the time period for each frequency scan (ie. greater time delay between successive "hits" from the Jammer). If possible, the user should limit the number of Enhanced bands to a minimum, and should not exceed 20 such enhanced bands within any 1 of the three bands within the MALLETT equipment. If too many enhancements are programmed into the system, a limitation of the memory chips may be reached and operation of the equipment will be inhibited. 2.9 Jamming Capability
Depending on the surroundings, position of transmitter, RF power output of enemy transmitter, the MALLETT should be able to neutralise the following types of transmission: AMs FM, SSB, PCM, FSK, Code etc. Specifically, the following should be successfully jammed: a Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device: RCIED
b. Wireless Remote Control (AM/FM) equipment utilising simple tone and multitone. c. Wireless Remote Control (AM/FM) equipment utilising simple code and multicode. d. e. f. g. Digital Remote Frequency Demolition: DRFD Pager (Page-boy) Carphone Handie-phone
Jamming can take five distinct forms: i. Total jamming mode, when one, two or all three Bands are radiating across each Band This happens when a full band program is selected or still held in memory. Partial jamming, when certain areas of a particular frequency band are excluded from jamming, all other frequencies in the Band are jammed. This is known as windowing, and in excess of 20 such windowing bands can be selected across each of the three bands. Partial jamming, when only certain frequency bands are selected for jamming in each band. In excess of 20 such bands can be selected for each of the three Bands.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Enhanced Jamming, where certain areas of the Jamming frequency band are slowed down to result in an effective increase in average power being targeted to known devices. Up to 20 such bands can be selected for each band. Combination of b, c and d above.
v.
3.
BASIC SYSTEM INSTALLATION INFORMATION
The following section describes the basic system installation procedure for assembling and checking the MALLETT prior to operation. 3.1 General Description Of MALLETT Jammer Configuration
The MALLETT Jammer is typically configured within the back of the vehicle as shown in the diagram below:-
The main constituent elements of the Jammer are :a). Batteries : 4 off Oldham Crompton 3KQ11, 6 Volt, 175 Amp-hour Lead-Acid Cells packaged within 2 Stainless Steel enclosures. Connection to the battery packs is made by Anderson connectors positioned on the front face. DC to DC Converter : A seven card 24 Volt input, 28.5 Volt, 150 Amp output power source which provides the main supplies for the Power Amplifiers and System Control Unit. Visual indications of output voltage and current are displayed on two moving coil panel meters positioned at the top of the device. The input and output connector studding is protected by a perspex panel to guard against accidental short circuit. The equipment should never be used with this panel removed.
b).
c).
Air Conditioning System : Controlled from within the vehicle, this equipment provides the necessary cooling for the Power Amplifiers. The Air Conditioning should always be switched on prior to, during and after (for several minutes) emissions to ensure the amplifiers block temperature is maintained within the specified limits. Power Amplifiers : The five (1A, 1B, 1C, 2 & 3) Power Amplifiers for the MALLETT are contained within a shielded enclosure, and are securely mounted onto a central Cold Plate. The unit also contains thermal switches to prevent excess heat damaging the PAs and provides visual indication of temperature on an LED screen on the front of the module. This temperature measurement is also used to provide data to the user within the vehicle if a temperature in excess of a pre-set value if reached. Control Unit : The Control Unit (CU) is the central processing and control system within the MALLETT. It contains the necessary power supplies for the system, microprocessor & associated electronic circuits, Direct Digital Synthesisers (DDS), RF mixers and electronic noise generation circuits. Interface Unit : This unit provides the main interfacing between the MALLETT and the ancillary equipment associated with the Jammer. This includes the Fibre Optic interfaces with both the RF. Sniffer and Remote Control of MANDREL Jammer, and system switches for the Direction Finding & Telephone Jammer. Telephone Jammer : The Telephone Jammer is an independent ECM equipment which emits approximately 50 Watts of RF power over the frequency range 1.5 to 1.9 GHz R.F. Sniffer : The RF. Sniffer is a user specific Spectrum Analyser which monitors RF emissions in the range 20 to 90 MHz. It can be used for both mapping a location or as the basis for a Response Inhibit operation as described in section 11.2.6.
d).
e).
f).
g).
h).
The equipment contained within the rear of the vehicle is controlled by means of a touch screen system contained within a shielded console positioned in the passenger front seat. The diagram below shows the basic configuration of this console.
Further information on the specific user interfaces with the MALLETT equipment are provided in sections 4 to 6 inclusive of this User Manual. 3.2 Installation Of The MALLETT
The following procedure should be carried out when installing the equipment within the rear compartment of the vehicle. Other areas of specific maintenance are described within the Maintenance Manual. No. 1. Task Description Prime Batteries Comments Ensure the general condition of the LeadAcid batteries and check that the level of acid is correct. Measure the open circuit voltage of the cells.
No. 2
Task Description Insert Batteries
Comments Put 2 off batteries into each of the steel enclosures and securely connect. Note: Always connect the NEGATIVE terminal last. Measure the output voltage from the Anderson connector and ensure correct polarity. Place rubber mat over batteries and secure battery housing lid. Secure the DC to DC Converter unit to the base plate and connect the battery - battery DC/DC interconnecting cable (1 red Anderson connector for each battery pack) to the input terminal studs (ensure correct polarity). Connect grey Anderson connector to the alternator input and wire to DC to DC input. Securely mount the Mid Mounting Plate onto the top of the Battery enclosures. Secure the Air Conditioner to the Mid Mounting Plate. Securely bolt the PA Unit to the plate after carefully inserting the mechanical interface to the Air Conditioning unit.. Securely attach the following cables to the PA unit:a). Voltage Sense Lead (the other end of the cable can now be attached to the rear of the DC to DC Converter). b). All 5 output coaxial cables for the correct bands. c). PA Power & PA Control Cables. d). RF Input (SMA) Cables for all 5 bands. e). Main power in Anderson connector (the other ends should be connected to the output of the DC to DC converter). f). DF Power connector (at left rear of PA Unit).
DC to DC Converter
Attach Mid-Mounting Plate
Secure the Air Conditioner
Attach PA Unit
Attach cables to PA Unit
No. 8
Task Description Attach Interface Box
Comments Secure the Interface Box on top of the Air Conditioning Unit and attach the following cable:a). DF Power Out (which runs from the front console. b). DF Power In connection from PA Unit. c). DF Coaxial Relays Power (which runs to the vehicle bulkhead for the roof assembly) d). Sniffer Power Out. Note: This cable is provided for use of the Sniffer Unit within the vehicle. For remote applications the Sniffer Unit is powered from internal Ni-Cd batteries which are housed within the legs of the tripod. e). Blank 9 way D Connector to rear SNIFFER input socket. This connector is not used for this configuration of equipment. f). ANCILLARY out (25 way D) for connection to Telephone Jammer.
Attach Control Unit (CU)
Securely mount the Control Unit on top of the PA unit and attach the following cables (the order of connection will be important in terms of ease of assembly). Also all D connectors should be secured using the retaining clips attached to the connector bases:a). MANDREL control cable (9 way D) between C.U. and Interface Unit. b). SCSI Cable (from front console) c). ANCILLARY (25 Way D) connector for connection to the RS232 output from the Sniffer (see No. 11 below). d). TJ POWER (front 25 way D) from C.U. to Interface Unit. e). All 5 output coaxial cables for the correct bands. (See No. 7 above) f). PA Power & PA Control Cables (See No. 7 above). Check that all band control switches on the front panel are Off (i.e. to the left).
No. 10
Task Description Attach Telephone Jammer
Comments Secure the Telephone Jammer to the top of the Control Unit, ensuring that the stand-off spacers are in place to allow air to flow under the equipment. Connect the following cables:a). Anderson Power connector (small, red) from the DC to DC connector. b). TJ control connector (2 pin Lemo Type) to the side of the equipment. Cable comes from Interface box ANCILLARY socket). Secure the Sniffer Analyser on the top of the Interface Box. Connect the following cables:a). RS232 cable (9 way D) from C.U. b). Anderson Power connector (small, red) from the DC to DC Converter to Mains Converter Unit and the output connection from this unit to the Sniffer Analyser. Secure the Sniffer Unit (tube) to its mounting and, if the Sniffer is to be used within the vehicle, attach the following cables:a). Connect the power supply to cable from the rear of the Interface box to the top of the Sniffer. b). Attach the Antenna In coaxial cable (BNC) from the vehicle bulkhead. c). Connect a Fibre Optic Link from the Sniffer Unit to the Sniffer F/O connector on the Interface box. Remove the front seat and secure the front console into place. See section 3.3. Attach the following cables which are stowed on the centre console of the vehicle during periods of non-operation:a). SCSI Control Leads from Control Console to mating sockets on centre console. b). DF Power In c). DF Signal In (BNC)
11
Attach Sniffer Analyser
12
Secure Sniffer Unit
13
Front Console
14
Final Checks
Having completed the sequence of system installation, check that all input/ output sockets on the equipment are securely connected, particularly the voltage sense cable from the DC/DC to the PA Unit, and the output coaxial (N Type) cables from the PA Unit to the vehicle bulkhead Ensure that all cable connections are made on the Antenna plate to the vehicle bulkhead.
On the initial set up of the equipment it is necessary to install the system software from the Master Disk supplied with the equipment. The following information summarises the procedure for this installation, which should also be carried out for any subsequent upgrades of the software during the product life cycle:i). Boot up the system as before by switching on the DC/DC Converter. The processor will download the necessary DOS (Disk Operating System) and WINDOWS 3.11 software. If the "JCONTROL" software has already been loaded, the system will automatically boot up to the MAIN MENU screen of the MALLETT program. If this is the case, the operator should chose the QUIT option in order to return to the WINDOWS Program Manager screen. For a first installation, the equipment should boot directly to this screen. Insert the Master System disk into the 3" disk drive beneath the service plate on the Control Unit (Drive A:\) and return to the touch screen. Select the File Manager icon and view the data file (Master Software Install Program) on the A:\ drive. Copy this file to a suitable directory (created within File Manager as normal) on the hard disk (C:\ drive) such as C:\INSTALL. Once copied, run the program from the C:\ drive by double clicking this executable file (or use the RUN command in the File Manager File menu). This will expand & create all the necessary files for the installation of the software. Select "SETUP.EXE" from the list and double click the file name to run the program.
ii).
iii).
iv).
This program will set up the necessary operating files to the JCONTROL directory as a default. The system will ask for confirmation (ie. CONFIRM) that this directory is to be used. The program will now set up the necessary operating files for the MALLETT and the following icon files will be produced. a). b). c). d). e). f). g). JCONTROL - The main MALLETT/MANDREL control software. JMANPROC.EXE - Controls the operation of remote MANDREL equipments. MALLOAD.EXE - File for downloading Band protocols for the MALLETT. GSW.EXE - Graphics software for display options. JPROC.EXE - Protocol programming software for Jammers. SNIFFER.EXE - All software for Sniffer applications. FAKE.EXE and FAKEPLUS.EXE - Simulation packages for checking the functionality of the Sniffer (ie. simulates and feeds back data as from an Analyser).
v).
When setting up the files the software will also download the necessary STARTUP procedures for booting up directly into the MAIN MENU of the ECM software at switch on. If any other application is required to run on this equipment the user will have to QUIT the screen and return to WINDOWS for other icons. The Jamming software can be run from WINDOWS by double clicking the JCONTROL icon within PROGRAM MANAGER.
3.3
Insertion & Removal Of Front Seat Control Panel
The front seat is usually secured in place by means of four anti-loose lock mechanisms. In order to remove the front seat the user should release all the locking mechanisms on the seat and lift the back of the seat upwards to release the seat from the post. With the back still lifted, slide the seat forward until the latching posts are cleared and then carefully remove the seat from the vehicle. The opposite procedure (ie. slide onto the front and then lower the rear) should then be carried out for insertion of the front console into the vehicle. All locking mechanisms should then be secured and cable connections made for the DF Power, DF Signal and SCSI cable connectors before carrying out any further procedures on the equipment. Due to the weight and physical size of the front console, this procedure should be carried out be two personnel and care should be taken with regard to personal injury when interfacing and aligning the console with the locking mechanisms. The front console (or seat) should be safely stowed to prevent any damage if not secured within the vehicle. 3.3.1. Procedure To Change Role - ECM to Passenger This section describes, in more detail, a typical procedure which should be carried out in order to change the vehicle from its ECM role into a standard passenger configuration. A simple Aide Memoir can be prepared for the specific vehicle and provided with the equipment for reference by experienced operators. i). Remover the Sniffer antenna (& tripod) from front seat footwell in front of the console. Safely store the item to prevent damage. Disconnect the two bayonet type connections (SCSI data lines) from the vehicle centre console and then disconnect the DF power and antenna cables from the rear of the ECM control front console. Release the anti-loose catches at the base of the front console and lean the console forward to clear the front posts and then slide backwards to release the console from the vehicle. Store the front console safely taking care to protect the touch screen. Secure all free cables to their parking receptacles. Fit the front seat into the space in reverse to the procedure described in iii). above. Ensure the anti-loose locks are secured in place. Fit the seat belt and check its operation. Remove all protection grills from the outside of the vehicle and securely stow away. Remove antennas 1A and 1B from the rear of the vehicle (usually on either side of the rear door) by unscrewing from the matching units.
ii).
iii).
iv). v).
vi). vii).
viii).
ix).
Disconnect all power leads and antenna connections from the vehicle bulkhead. Attach all protection caps to each socket in turn to prevent the ingress of debris during operation of the vehicle. Ensure that all free cables are not snagged and free to move. Remove the rear and then the front antenna plates using the pulley system. Follow the colour coding. Double lock the rear door.
x).
xi)
3.3.2 Procedure To Change Role - Passenger to ECM This section describes a typical procedure which should be carried out in order to change the vehicle from a standard passenger role into its ECM configuration. A simple Aide Memoir, specific to the vehicle in question, can be provided for reference by experienced operators. i). ii). Undo the seat belt and release the anti-loose clips to remove the front seat. Disconnect all cables (2 off bayonet type data connectors, DF power and antenna leads) from their parking connectors on the vehicle centre console and position out of the way of the front console area. Carefully slide the front console over the rear runners and secure in place using the anti-loose clips. Attach the cables to their respective sockets on the front console. Position the remote Sniffer antenna into the passenger seat footwell. Fit all protection grills over the windows ensuring a good earth connection for all screws. Fit rear antenna plate using the pulley system and secure into place with the anti-loose clips. Fit the front antenna plate (direction indicated by arrow on plate) and secure into place with the anti-loose clips. Connect all power leads and antenna cables to the bulkhead ensuring that the colour coding is respected. Incorrect connection is likely to cause ineffective jamming efficiency and/or damage to the equipment. Store all blanking caps into position to prevent mechanical damage to the vehicle paint work during transit. Securely attach antennas 1A and 1B to the vehicle. Unlock the rear door locks.
iii).
iv). v). vi).
vii).
viii).
ix).
x).
xi). xii).
xiii).
Visually inspect all cables on the ECM equipment and ensure all connections are securely made. Boot up the MALLETT and check the screen boots up into the standard configuration. Ensure that the voltage on the DC/DC converter shows approximately 28V and that the current is between 20 and 30 Amps when all fans are operating within the equipment. Carry out ECM equipment Confidence Check if necessary. Visual System Checks
xiv).
xv). 3.4
Before deployment of the MALLETT vehicle the following checks should be made on the functionality of the equipment:i). Ensure that the PA switches on the front of the Control Unit are in the OFF position (i.e. to the left) Power Up the system by rotating the switch on the DC to DC Converter Unit until it locks into position. Check that the Voltage panel meter displays 28V, all power supply lights are on (corresponding to +28, +15, +12, +5, -5 and -12V supplies). As stated previously, it is important that the vehicle air-conditioning unit is operating whenever the Jammer is used. As a reminder, during the boot up sequence, the following screen will be displayed, requiring the operator to confirm operation of the air-conditioning system prior to operation of the ECM equipment.
ii).
After conformation of the air-conditioning system, ensure that the touch screen boots up to the MAIN MENU. iii). Press the MALLETT CONTROL button. Note: This will load the last program calculated. Ensure that all band enable (i.e. PA switches) are in the off position. Check that the Direction Finder can be switched ON. Ensuring that the manual switches for the PAs on the Control Units are still OFF, using the control screen activate one of the bands into WIN mode and switch on its corresponding PA. Check that the DF powers down automatically. Note : No RF power will be emitted if the Control Unit switches are OFF. Return to the rear of the vehicle and switch OFF.
iv). v). vi).
vii).
For active deployment of the vehicle the user should :a). Switch on the necessary PAs by means of the switches on the Control Unit which are to be used during the deployment of the vehicle. Carry out the step ii). described above. Close the door of the vehicle and return to the vehicle touch screen controller. ECM Equipment Confidence Checks
b). c). 3.5
If deemed necessary, a confidence check on the equipment can be carried out to verify the operation and performance of the system prior to deployment. The basis of this Confidence Check, is that a certain number of operational checks can be performed by the user (at HQ or in the field) without the need for RF emissions. When carrying out such checks, if any cables are disconnected (for measurements to take place, these must be securely reattached after testing, before deployment of the equipment). Note : Repeated connection and disconnection of cables within the equipment may impair the effectiveness of the joint and as such this type of check should be kept to a minimum wherever possible. This section will described what tests could be carried out on each separate piece of equipment in order to verify the operation. The user can decide how many of the items are to be checked, and the extent of testing of each piece of equipment that is necessary within the time frame available. 3.5.1 MALLETT i). Output Power Measurement Connect a suitable calibrated power meter (BIRD or similar) to the output "N" connector for one band of the MALLETT at the vehicle bulkhead by means of
a coaxial test cable. Ensure that the meter has the correct insert attached to the device for the frequency band in question. Terminate the output from the meter to a suitable dummy load (30dBm or greater). Program the MALLETT for only the band in question and operate the system (through control panel) ensuring that the corresponding switch on the MALLETT Control Unit is also activate. After completing the trial, reconnect the antenna cable, and repeat the process for any other band of the system which requires testing. The frequency bands which should be programmed for each output (colour coding on the vehicle bulkhead is also given) is shown in the table below:Colour Note 1 Note 1 Black Green Orange Purple Note 1 Band 1A 1B 1C 2 3 TJ Frequency To Programme 20 to 50 MHz 51 to 150 MHz 151 to 300 MHz 301 to 600 MHz 601 to 1000MHz Fixed Frequency : 1.7 to 1.9 GHz
Band 1A and 1B are coupled directly to their respective Frequency Matching Unit within the vehicle enclosure. Also attached to the bulkhead are:Colour Sniffer Antenna DF Signals In Sniffer Optical In MANDREL Optical Control Red Blue Grey Brown Description
NB :
The output power from each band should be approximately 100 Watts (50 Watts for the Telephone Jammer), depending on the frequency range of the insert used for the trial. Note : Some standard inserts will not cover the complete frequency band of the scan and this should be taken into account when evaluating the performance of the equipment. After the trial, ensure that all antenna connections are securely made and that the antenna cables are intact and free from damage. If necessary the trial can be carried out at the output connection from the MALLETT PA Unit, rather than the vehicle bulkhead. ii). Frequency Response Of MALLETT Using the configuration described in i). above, a suitable spectrum Analyser can be connected to the output from the dummy load to verify the frequency
response of the band in question. In order to verify certain functions of the equipment a number of WINDOWS and ENHANCED bands should be programmed within the frequency bands under test to confirm the operation of the DDS and the Jammer pcb/ software. When carrying out this trial the maximum input power for the prospective Analyser should not be exceeded to prevent damage and if necessary, extra attenuation should be put on the output of the dummy load. iii). System Switching Checks In addition to the trials described above, a number of checks can be made on the operation of the MALLETT with respect to the associated equipments that interact with the Software controller:a). b). c). d). Check that the DF is enabled when the MALLETT (or attached & controlled MANDREL) is not emitting. Check that the Sniffer is enabled when the MALLETT (or attached & controlled MANDREL) is not emitting. Check that all voltage indicators on the Control Unit are enabled. Check that the air-conditioning unit is operating when the MALLETT is switched ON.
Further details on the specific operation of these ancillary items are described in the following sections. iv). Mechanical/ Electrical Checks Having checked the basic operation of the equipment, the user can verify the integrity of the external RF cable assemblies (when switched OFF) associated with the MALLETT RF emissions and antenna plates. As it is not usually possible to carry out emission trials and field strength readings as part of the system deployment (or general maintenance programme) a number of physical checks can be made to verify the electrical integrity of cables and Frequency Matching Units (FMU) associated with each antenna. Using a suitable DVM (Digital Voltage Meter), or AVO, measure the resistance from both the central conductor and the earth connection of each cable at the vehicle bulkhead to its corresponding end connected at the antenna plate. This should be less than 1 Ohm. Measure the resistance between the central conductor and the outer shell of the "N" connector. This should be greater than 100M.Ohms (ie. open circuit). Connect the cable at the Antenna plate end to the FMU, and measure the impedance at the bulkhead cable end from the central conductor to the earth (or outer) connector. This should be approximately 50 Ohms. Having securely reconnected all cables back in place (ensuring that all colour coding has been respected), check that the resistance from all outer "N"
connectors at the bulkhead to the antenna plate shows a good electrical connection (ie. less than 1 Ohm). Visually inspect all antenna connections, particularly 1A and 1B on the rear of the vehicle (which are likely to be removed frequently due to their position) for any damage or corrosion. There is a need for good electrical contact at this point and a build up of grease or debris within the thread may degrade the performance of the Jammer and ultimately may cause damage to the equipment. 3.5.2 Direction Finding (DF) Equipment i). Calibration Checks Carry out the calibration (or Mapping) procedures described in section 10.3 of this manual. ii). General Function Tests If there is not sufficient time for a full mapping check to be carried out on the DF equipment, a simple check on the accuracy of the equipment can be made by utilising fixed transmitters of a known frequencies, which can be positioned, and hence identified using the equipment as normal. In order to track these sources, either the source, of the vehicle can be moved to verify the basic operation of the equipment. Note : If carrying out these checks within a particularly noisy RF environment, the effects of reflections and/or absorption of the signals should be taken into account. 3.5.3 RF Sniffer The nature of the RF Sniffer is that its normal mode of operation is its self checking mode of operation. When activated, the Sniffer should provide the user with a pictorial representation of the RF environment surrounding the vehicle. The functions associated with the Sniffer such as saving, printing, loading from disk etc. can be checked as part of the regular usage of the equipment. Therefore a very basic check of the equipment operation is to verify that signals at known frequencies can be accurately identified within a predetermined environment. i). Signal Identification Operate the Sniffer to provide a basic background picture of the surrounding RF environment of the vehicle. Activate (on/off) a number of fixed frequency transmitter at various locations surrounding the vehicle, and identify the signals on the graphical representation. Repeat the exercise from different bearings and distances to ensure that the performance of the Sniffer antenna, Analyser and software are being maintained.
3.5.4 Response Inhibit i). Band 1A : 20 to 50 MHz. Connect a suitable calibrated power meter (BIRD or similar) to the output "N" connector for Band 1A of the MALLETT at the vehicle bulkhead by means of a coaxial test cable. Ensure that the meter has the correct insert attached (25 to 60MHz or similar) to the device for the frequency band in question. Terminate the output from the meter to a suitable dummy load (30dBm or greater), and connect the output from the load to a suitable spectrum Analyser (as used in 3.5.1 part ii. above). Switch the MALLETT into Sniffer mode and programme the MALLETT response to be BAND 20 to 50 MHz with a suitable WINDOW programmed, such as 30 to 35MHz. Operate the Band 1A switch on the Control Unit (ensure that all other band switches are off). Program a step-function user defined threat line so that threats in the frequency range 20 to 50 MHz are approximately 20dBm lower that those above 50MHz (ie. Band 1B). Move the threat line up to the top of the screen to ensure that the system does not respond immediately on activation. RUN the AUTO-RESPONSE program with one of the three following responses:i). ii). iii). AUTO WIN FULL
In each case, drop the threat line by 10% until a threat, or a number of threats, are identified. Verify on both the Bird meter and the Spectrum Analyser that for each case, the correct output response is given by the equipment. After completion of the trial, power down the equipment, and securely reconnect the antenna cable at the vehicle bulkhead. ii). Band 1B : 50 to 90 MHz. Connect a suitable calibrated power meter (BIRD or similar) to the output "N" connector for Band 1B of the MALLETT at the vehicle bulkhead by means of a coaxial test cable. Ensure that the meter has the correct insert attached (50 to 125MHz or similar) to the device for the frequency band in question. Terminate the output from the meter to a suitable dummy load (30dBm or greater), and connect the output from the load to a suitable spectrum Analyser (as used in 3.5.1 part ii. above). Switch the MALLETT into Sniffer mode and programme the MALLETT response to be BAND 51 to 150 MHz with a suitable WINDOW programmed,
such as 100 to 120MHz. Operate the Band 1B switch on the Control Unit (ensure that all other band switches are off). Program a step-function user defined threat line so that threats in the frequency range 50 to 90 MHz are approximately 20dBm lower that those below 50MHz (ie. Band 1A). Move the threat line up to the top of the screen to ensure that the system does not respond immediately on activation. RUN the AUTO-RESPONSE program with one of the three following responses:i). ii). iii). AUTO WIN FULL
In each case, drop the threat line by 10% until a threat, or a number of threats, are identified. Verify on both the Bird meter and the Spectrum Analyser that for each case, the correct output response is given by the equipment. After completion of the trial, power down the equipment, and securely reconnect the antenna cable at the vehicle bulkhead. 3.5.5 Remote MANDREL Control i) Downloading & Control Of MANDREL. Disconnect the antenna cable from the rear of the MANDREL, and attach a suitable measurement device (Bird Meter), dummy load and spectrum Analyser as described for the MALLETT in 3.5.1 previously. Connect the MANDREL to the host MALLETT by either the fibre-optic cable or RS232 Link (9 Way 'D' connector) if preferred. Operate the MANDREL as normal (with a pre-programmed PCMCIA card) and wait for the safety timer to count out. Verify the normal operation of the MANDREL by activating the device from the manual switch on the front panel in both WIN and FULL modes. Switch the MANDREL to the REMOTE position and re-boot the equipment. Wait for safety timer to count out. Verify that the MANDREL boots up to the REMOTE & STANDBY position. Check the downloading and remote control function (including feedback data on status) operate correctly as described in sections 9.3 to 9.5 of this Manual. In prcis, confirm the following operation:a). Download and activation of new protocol by means of the Bird meter and Spectrum Analyser. Verify that the MALLETT has full control of the output of the MANDREL (WIN, FULL or STANDBY) and that the output power is in excess of 50 Watts (dependant on the insert used for the Bird meter).
b). c).
Feedback status information on the MALLETT control screen via either the fibre-optic link or RS232 cable. When re-booted, the PCMCIA card has been correctly reprogrammed within the MANDREL for future usage.
4.
MALLETT WIDE BAND JAMMER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The following sections describe the basic operating instructions that should be carried out for the successful deployment of the MALLETT ECM equipment. 4.1 System Initialisation
Carry out the following instructions in order to initialise the MALLETT ECM equipment. The information provided here is intended as a guide and should be considered in conjunction with any standard operational guidelines and/ or safety procedures which may be relevant to the operational scenario. i). Check all cables, particularly that the correct output coaxial cables from PA unit to the bulkhead in the vehicle wall, are securely attached and visually inspect equipment for any external damage. Ensure that all antennae and connectors required for deployment are securely attached to the vehicle and that all cables (typically colour coded as shown in the diagram below) external to the vehicle are intact.
ii). iii). iv). v). vi).
Check all cable attachments to front panel console. Switch on the vehicle air conditioning unit. Switch off all PAs on control unit. Rotate switch on DC to DC Converter clockwise until the switch engages Check that all six power supply LEDs on the front panel alight and that the temperature display alights on the PA unit and indicates the approximate temperature for the environment. Check that the Touch Screen boots correctly.
vii).
The boot up sequence includes the reminder for the air-conditioning unit. This reminder is due to the fact that the equipment air-conditioning is linked to the vehicle air-conditioner compressor and BOTH AIR-CONDITIONERS MUST BE RUNNING WHEN USING THE ECM EQUIPMENT. Ensure that the main control menu appears after confirmation of correct AirConditioning operation. viii). ix). Operate the switches for the PA for which emission is required. Securely close the rear of the vehicle and return to the control console for operation of the equipment Touch Screen Control & Main Menu
4.2
The MALLETT Jammer is controlled by means of a touch screen control system which operates on a menu based format. After the microprocessor boot-up is complete the user will see the following MAIN MENU appear on the Touch Screen.
Operation of any of the options displayed on the screen can be made by touching the desired icon.
The options available from the Main Menu are:I. MALLETT PROGRAM - Allows the user to input a new set of operational frequency bands, windows and enhanced bands in order to re-programme the MALLETT. See Section 5. CONTROL PANEL - Allows the user to manually operate the MALLETT, any remote MANDREL attached to the host vehicle and the Telephone Jammer. Note: If no new MALLETT programme has been entered into the system (I above), the system will default to the last programme entered into the device. MANDREL Mk 2 PROGRAM - Allows the user to prepare the desired operational frequency bands, windows and enhanced bands which can be downloaded (by means of either serial cable or preferably, a fibre optic cable) to a remotely configured MANDREL. NEW MANDREL CARD - Allows the user to pre-program MANDREL PCMCIA cards with the necessary data for operation. This function can be used within the MALLETT or on specialised Laptop computers with the necessary software and PCMCIA card ports. MANDREL Mk 2 CONTROL - Allows the user to download any prepared programme to a remotely configured MANDREL. Note: If no MANDREL programme has been entered into the system, the system will default to the last programme entered into the device. SNIFFER - Allows the user to use the RF Sniffer unit in either mapping mode or Response Inhibit Mode. See section 10 for further details. QUIT - Returns the user to Windows Operating System.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
5.
PROGRAMMING THE MALLETT
The following sections describe the method for the programming of the MALLETT ECM equipment. It will describe the basic format of the screens for this option and give an example of programming a typical response for the MALLETT. 5.1 Programming The MALLETT From The Touch Screen
Having chosen the MALLET PROGRAM option from the MAIN MENU, the following screen will appear:-
All emission programmes for the MALLETT can consist of three types of response:BAND Allows the user to provide a Jamming signal across a predetermined frequency band in the range of 20MHz to 1GHz. WINDOWS; Allows the user to insert predetermined frequency Windows for communications, transmitter stations etc. which may be affected by ECM equipment, and are not considered to be a threat. ENHANCED; Allows the user to enhance specific frequency bands which are considered to be a major threat. This function effectively slows down the sweep rate by 10 (resulting in an effective increase in output power) over this frequency band.
WIN.-
ENH -
In order to enter any of these three modes of response, the user first chooses the required mode and can then enter desired frequencies by one of two modes:Either a). The bottom and top frequencies by means of the LO & HI buttons respectively. Or b). The centre frequency and bandwidth by means of the CF & BW buttons respectively. After defining these frequencies the user enters the data by pressing the OK button. If mistakes are made during this process the user has the following three options:i). If the incorrect data has not been logged onto the centre window, the user should simply ignore any data and repeat the input sequence (ie. pressing the LO, HI CF, or BW buttons resets any data inputs displayed on the left hand side data window). If incorrect data has been entered, (i.e. has been written to the centre window), the user can touch the incorrect data and press the DEL button. The correct data can then be re-entered as necessary. If all data entered is wrong, the user should touch any data input displayed on the centre window and press the CLR button. All data will then be deleted and the programming sequence can be started again.
ii).
iii).
When all the necessary data has been entered (the entered data is displayed in the centre window of the screen) the user should then save the data to a specific file by means of the following buttons. FILE- Allows the user to enter a filename for the program using a touch screen QWERTY keyboard. After typing the required filename the user presses ENTER.
After returning to the MALLETT PROGRAM display, the user should then press SAVE Example: A fictitious program to be entered is:Frequency bands to be covered are 20MHz to 900MHz inclusive. Communication bands are 95-120MHz and 600-700MHz Threat Bands are 25-30MHz and 300MHz with a 20MHz bandwidth (i.e. 290310MHz) The following table shows the sequence of buttons which should be pressed to create and save this file under the name MANUAL. After entering the MALLETT PROGRAM screen, press the following buttons in the order shown. Button BAND LO 20 HI 900 OK WIN LO 95 HI 120 OK WIN LO 600 HI 700 OK ENH LO 25 HI 30 OK ENH CF 300 BW Comments Enter the frequency band for jamming Enter the lower frequency for the band Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the band Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window B, 20, 900 Enter a window within the frequency band Enter the lower frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window W, 95, 120 Enter a window within the frequency band Enter the lower frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window W, 600, 700 Enter an enhanced band within the frequency band Enter the lower frequency for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window E, 25, 30 Enter an enhanced band within the frequency band Enter the centre frequency for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enter the bandwidth for the enhanced band
Allows the user to save the data under the entered filename.
20 OK FILE ENTER SAVE CALC
QUIT QUIT 5.2
Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window E, 290, 310 Changes screen to QWERTY keyboard Type MANUAL Returns to MALLETT PROGRAM screen Saves the entered data under the filename MANUAL.TST Calculates the necessary DDS codes for Jamming of the specified program defined by the program MANUAL Wait until the calculations have been completed, the graphical representations are displayed and the text window reads Finished. Returns to MALLETT PROGRAM screen Returns to MAIN MENU
Other Function Within The MALLETT PROGRAM Screen
In addition to the basic programming controls within the MALLETT PROGRAM screen described earlier, the touch screen control also provides the user with the following option:CAT CATALOGUE; Allows the user the option of downloading a previously saved file from the hard disk. After loading the file from the standard Windows screen, the user can go straight to the CALC function within the MALLETT PROGRAM screen as described earlier.
6.
RUNNING THE MALLETT JAMMER
This section describes the procedure for the operation of the MALLETT ECM equipment after programming the necessary response as described in section 5 of this manual. 6.1 Operating Procedure & Display Prompts
After programming the MALLETT as described previously, choose CONTROL PANEL from the MAIN MENU. The screen will then change to the following screen for control of the ECM equipment by the user, and the necessary DDS codes will be automatically downloaded to any Band which has been programmed by the user. This process will take approximately 10 seconds before this screen is fully operational:-
After loading of the Jamming data, visual indication will be given in the centre window of the CURRENT FILE (Title) and details of the Jamming frequencies (JAMMING PROTOCOL) programmed into the equipment. If a specific frequency band is not used, this will be indicated on the screen (BAND X OFF) and operation of the function mode control buttons will be inhibited The basis of control of the ECM equipment is by means of both functional mode control (HOLD, WIN; Windows on, & FULL; Windows off) and power control (Power Amplifiers on or off). The MALLETT Jammer has three bands of cover over the range of 20MHz to 1GHz. Each of these three bands can be individually controlled by the following touch screen buttons:Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 38
HOLD -
Stops the scanning sequence of the Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS). Note: If the relevant Power Amplifier (PA) is still activated, there will still be an output signal from the equipment on an unknown frequency within the band in question. In order to completely stop emissions the user must switch off the PA associated with this band. Allows the user to operate a full jamming sequence with specific WINDOWS where desired communications bands will be unaffected by the ECM equipment. Allows the user to operate a full jamming sequence for all frequencies programmed into the equipment.
WIN -
FULL -
The Power Amplifiers for each band are controlled by the following five Power Amplifier control buttons. Each button can be pressed to output power to the relevant antenna (if operating in either WIN or FULL) providing approximately 100 Watts of RF power (into a 50 Ohm load) over the following frequency range. 1A 1B 1C 23Band 1A Band 1B Band 1C Band 2 Band 3 - Covering the frequency range 20 to 50 MHz. - Covering the frequency range 50 to 150 MHz. - Covering the frequency range 150 to 300 MHz. - Covering the frequency range 300 to 600 MHz. - Covering the frequency range 600 to 1000 MHz.
If any of these buttons are pressed with the particular band still in the HOLD mode, the button will indicate AMBER. If the user then switches the band to either WIN or FULL mode, the button will turn GREEN to indicate emissions are being provided by the ECM equipment. After loading of the necessary codes for the each of the three bands, positive feedback of the STATUS of each band is indicated on the CONTROL PANEL screen. Depending on the programmed bands and the success of the download process, one of the following STATUS mode messages will be displayed in the boxes to the right of the function mode control buttons:a). STANDBY OK This STATUS message indicates that the necessary DDS codes have been successfully downloaded into the MALLETT circuitry and that the system is in the HOLD mode. Operation of both the WIN or FULL buttons and the relevant PAs will result in RF emission as programmed.
b).
SCANNING WIN
or
SCANNING FULL
This STATUS message indicates that the DDS codes have been successfully downloaded into the MALLETT circuitry and that the system is operating in either the WINDOWS ON or FULL (i.e. WINDOWS OFF) mode. Operation of the relevant PA power button will result in RF emissions as programmed. c). UNUSED
This STATUS message indicates that the downloaded program contains no frequencies within the bandwidth of the particular DDS. If this STATUS message is seen, the function mode control buttons will be inhibited to dissuade the user from switching on the PA with a single tone (of unknown frequency) being emitted from the Power Amplifier. d). UNLOADED ERROR This STATUS message indicates that an error has occurred in trying to download the necessary codes to the MALLETT circuitry and as a result the user should repeat the download sequence and check that the necessary file has been SAVED and CALC (Calculated) prior to the MALLETT CONTROL option being chosen. e). UNKNOWN ERROR This STATUS message indicates that an unknown condition of operation has appeared within the MALLETT circuitry. The likely cause of this problem is missed data being read from the DDS control boards. As for d). above, the user should repeat the program and download sequence as described previously Additional positive feedback from the system is indicated on the CONTROL PANEL by six indicator LEDs positioned below the Power Amplifier buttons. These are:TEMP OK Indicates GREEN for a temperature below the pre-set level (approx. 50C) and a RED indication for a temperature in excess of this pre-set level. Indicates GREEN for a voltage above the pre-set level (approx. 25V) and a RED indication for a voltage below this pre-set level. A GREEN LED indicates that no emissions are taking place from either the MALLETT, the Telephone Jammer or a remotely
BATT OK -
RX ENABLE -
connected MANDREL (in the REMOTE switch position only). In this configuration both the Sniffer/ Response Inhibit and the Direction Finder (DF) can be operated from the touch screen control console. RX POWER This GREEN LED is positive feedback to the control console that output power has been switched within the Interface Box to allow the Sniffer and DF equipment to operate. This RED LED indicates that emissions are taking place from one or more of the RF generators (MALLETT, Telephone Jammer or Remote MANDREL) and in this mode the receivers (Sniffer and DF) are disabled to prevent damage occurring. This GREEN LED indicates that all MALLETT DDS control cards have been correctly loaded and that no errors have occurred during programming or operation of the equipment.
RF OUT WARN -
SYS OK LAMP -
In addition to the control of the MALLETT, the CONTROL PANEL also allows the user to control the function of a remote MANDREL (connected by either a fibre optic link or serial RS232 cable) operating in the REMOTE mode (see section 11), and the Telephone Jammer (for frequencies in the range 1.5 to 1.9 GHz) Control of-the MANDREL is identical to that for the MALLETT although there is no individual switching capability for the Power Amplifier within the remote Jammer (see section 11 for further details). The Telephone Jammer can also be controlled from this screen and can be operated by pressing the RUN (or conversely the HOLD) button.
7.
UTILITIES FUNCTION
This section provides details of the ancillary functions provided within the vehicle in order to support the operation of the MALLETT equipment. These functions are provided to support the power requirements of the system and heat dissipation associated with this type of high power equipment. 7.1 Alternator Control
In order to support the power requirement of the MALLETT Jammer it is necessary to provide an alternative dc current source to support the internal battery supply for the equipment. A 150 Amp alternator is installed within the vehicle to provide the main power source during operation of the equipment. This also provides the necessary charging supply for the lead acid batteries contained within the equipment. Control of the alternator is usually by means of a switch positioned on the dashboard, labelled MALLETT ALT. This switch should be operated whenever the vehicle is run order to keep the batteries fully charged prior to operation. It should be noted that lead acid batteries can be driven into deep sleep mode if they are run down to a very low level. If this level of discharge is reached the batteries are likely to be unrecoverable and will need to be replaced. Verification of the operation of the alternator can be made by the use of a Current Clamp around either of the alternator input lines (terminated with the grey Anderson connector usually at the bottom right of the ECM equipment). With no Power Amplifiers operating, the charging current provided should be in the order of 40 Amps. However, if the batteries are particularly flat, currents of up to 90 Amps may be indicated on the current clamp. Operation of the alternator requires that the engine should be running at a reasonable level (usually in the region of 2500 to 3000 rpm) when the vehicle is stationary. This can be manually varied from the Control Console position by means of a throttle control rotary mechanism positioned on the centre console. This can be set by the operator and secured into place by the spring loaded locking mechanism to ensure that the throttle control can not be inadvertently tampered with during deployment of the vehicle to the specified destination. 7.2 Air Conditioning
The MALLETT ECM can operate with input powers in excess of 2400 Watts and as such requires considerable cooling, specifically the Power Amplifier unit which can be drawing up to 100 Amps of current with all amplifiers in operation. The equipment has been integrated with an Air Conditioning system which directly feeds into a cooling plate within the PA unit. Whenever any of the amplifiers are being used the Air Conditioning unit must be switched on to prevent the equipment from overheating. If a pre-determined temperature is reached anywhere within the PA unit, thermal switches will break the power to all PAs and emission will be immediately stopped to prevent any further potential damage to the equipment.
Operation of the Air Conditioning is by means of the switch usually positioned within easy reach of the driver. Positive verification of the operation of this function should be checked on the vehicle regularly to ensure adequate cooling is provided to the equipment during any subsequent deployment of the vehicle. 7.3 Other Functions
As described earlier, manual control of the engine speed can be achieved from the control console by means of a throttle control and locking mechanism provided on the centre console of the vehicle. For typical operation this should be set to approximately 2500 to 3000 rpm, dependant on the vehicle type and the condition of the batteries within the ECM equipment. A temperature display is provided within the PA unit in order to give a visual indication of the temperature of the cold-plate during operation. In order to set the Temperature warning level, the RF shield gauze over the display should be removed and two buttons will be revealed on the bottom right hand corner of the module. If the left hand button is pressed the temperature at which the temperature warning will be indicated will be displayed. If a change in temperature is desire, whilst still holding down this button the other button should be rotated until the desired temperature has been achieved. This level should be set to approximately 45 to 50C.
8.
TELEPHONE JAMMING
This section gives brief details of the operation of the Telephone Jammer, which provides and output of 50 Watts of RF energy in the frequency range 1.5 to 1.9 GHz. 8.1 Basic Telephone Jamming System Configuration
The equipment consists of a power source, RF generator device and Power Amplifier which can be switched on and off from the CONTROL PANEL screen. The diagram below shows the basic configuration of this equipment:-
8.2
Operating The Telephone Jammer
The operation of this equipment is very simple and requires the user to access the CONTROL PANEL screen and switch the Telephone Jammer button from HOLD to RUN. Operation of this equipment will disable all receivers within the system (ie. Direction Finder and Sniffer equipment) and emit the RF output with a scan time of approximately 1.0 milli-second across the whole band. The operation of the equipment does not allow for any programmable windows to be inserted. It is possible to enable the Telephone Jammer within the Response Inhibit mode of the MALLETT as a response to run in parallel with the MALLETT bands. The Telephone Jammer can be used as a separate, stand alone response to a threat (in the frequency range 20 to 90 MHz) detected by the Sniffer software if desired.
9.
CONTROLLING A REMOTE MANDREL JAMMER
This section describes the requirements and operational procedures for the programming and control of a remotely connected MANDREL Man Portable Jammer from the MALLETT vehicle. For simplicity, the text will assume that the MANDREL is connected to the vehicle by means of the fibre optic link, although there is also the facility to carry out the same functions be means of a serial (RS232) 9 way cable connected from the MANDREL output port on the Control Unit to the 9 way D connector on the top of the MANDREL. It should be noted that the fibre optic link is not enabled unless the 9 way connector shell is connected to the socket on the top of the MANDREL. This back shell connects the transmit data link to the fibre optic unit and also provides an RF screen for the connector in order to protect the internal circuitry from the antenna emissions. 9.1 Basic Remote MANDREL Control System Configuration
The basic principle of operation of a MANDREL (similar to that describe for a single band of the MALLETT) is shown below -
The MANDREL Mk II Jammer is a trolley portable, wide band signal generating system designed to create electrical noise which will affect by disruption, inhibition or activation, Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs) and many radio based communications systems. The principle of operation is that the preprogrammed code card inserted in the equipment is read by the computer within the Jammer on power up. During this process information is transferred into a driver card concerning the target and its surrounding environment. This card drives a Direct Digital Synthesiser with codes which then rapidly outputs the corresponding frequency. This is then mixed with the modulation system and fed to the amplifier which drives out in excess of 50 Watts RF.
This RF is fed through a diplexer to the broad band antennae, the diplexer feeding the 100-500MHz to the HF port of the antennae and the 20-100MHz to the LF port. The power for the system originates from a built in battery of high capacity cells (4 off 12 Volt, 7 Amp.hour cells). High efficiency converters then deliver the power to various parts of the Jammer at the appropriate voltages and currents. The equipment is also configured with an additional (4 off 12 Volt, 12 Amp.hour cells) battery pack for extended life operation at the bottom of the trolley. An external (ie. AC mains to 48 Volt DC) power source is available on the trolley for use when an available power source is readily accessible.. 9.2 Initialisation Of The MANDREL & Connecting To The MALLETT
In order to operate the MANDREL Jammer, a valid code card (see section 9.3 for details of programming code cards) must be securely inserted into the PCMCIA card socket positioned behind the access panel on the rear of the equipment. Having securely replaced the access port cover the user can then operate the equipment by interrogation of the front panel shown in the diagram below :-
The following procedures should be carried out in order to successfully deploy the MANDREL Jammer:a). Set the rotary function switch to the desired operating position after boot up:REMOTE This position should be set when the MANDREL is being controlled from an external (remote) source such as the MALLETT. In this position data communications is by means of a fibre optic link (or RS232 cable) to the input on the front panel.
STANDBY
This position should be chosen if the user wishes to boot the system into its STANDBY (or HOLD) mode prior to manually activating the emissions at a later date. This position should be chosen if the user wishes the MANDREL to boot into the Jamming with programmed windows mode of operation, after any preset safety time delay has elapsed. This position should be chosen if the user wishes the MANDREL to boot into the Full Jamming mode, after any preset safety time delay has elapsed.
WINDOWS ON
WINDOWS OFF
Note : The preset safety time delay (see section 9.4) will be operational when the MANDREL is set to either WINDOWS ON or OFF mode. If the user wishes to override the time delay, the equipment should be switched on with the function switch in the STANDBY mode and wait for the equipment to boot up completely. At this point (ie. the STANDBY LED is illuminated), the user can then switch to WINDOWS ON or OFF for immediate emission of RF. After physically checking that all external connections have been made (ie. antenna output, blank 9 way "D" connector is secured - unless connected by RS232 cable, AC/DC converter where applicable and the external battery pack if used), the operator should switch the Main Switch (protected by a hinged cover to protect the switch from accidental operation) the ON Position. The ON LED will illuminate to indicate that power has been switched to the system. At this stage the user should check the following items/ indicators:a). All power supply LEDs (+28, +15, +12, +5, -5 & -12V) are illuminated, and that no circuit breakers have been tripped. The battery level indicator shows an acceptable level of charge for the expected operation of the MANDREL. The EXT LED is illuminate if the AC/DC Converter is operational.
b).
c).
The downloading sequence of codes present on the PCMCIA card will automatically sequence into the electronic circuitry and a series of bleeps will be audible from the equipment. After approximately 15 seconds (time of download is dependant on the complexity of the programmed codes) the system will indicate completion of the boot sequence by illuminating the LED corresponding to the position of the rotary function switch. Note : If a time delay has been programmed into the code card, indication of as successful boot sequence and initiation of the programmed safety delay will be by means of the STANDBY LED flashing. This will continue to flash during the safety delay period, before switching automatically to the preset operating position (ie.
WINDOWS ON or WINDOWS OFF after time-out). For more details on safety time delays see section 9.4. During operation in either WINDOWS ON or WINDOWS OFF mode (either manually set or from the remote position) a Red LED will be illuminated (RF OUT) to warn the user of the presence of RF emissions from the equipment. Exposure to these RF field should be kept to a minimum and any applicable national or international standards for personal safety should be adhered to. If, during operation, the battery supplies fall below a preset value a buzzer will be sounded to indicate that the equipment should be switched off and that emissions at the necessary output levels can not be ensured. The MANDREL Jammer contains sealed Lead-Acid batteries which can be permanently damaged if they are completely discharged and will not be rechargeable. After completion of the necessary deployment, the equipment should be switched to the STANDBY position for several minutes to allow the system to be air cooled by the internal fans before switching the Main switch to the OFF position, disconnecting any applicable leads (ie. AC/DC or external battery) and removal of the equipment for recharging.
The diagram below shows the external configuration of the MANDREL Jammer on the man portable trolley:-
9.3
Programming The MANDREL Jammer From The MALLETT
Having chosen the MANDREL Mk2 PROGRAM option from the MAIN MENU, the following screen will appear:-
All emission programmes for the MANDREL can consist of three types of response:BAND Allows the user to provide a Jamming signal across a pre-determined frequency band in the range of 20MHz to 500MHz. WINDOWS; Allows the user to insert predetermined frequency Windows for communications, transmitter stations etc. which may be affected by the ECM equipment, and are not considered to be a threat. ENHANCED; Allows the user to enhance specific frequency bands which are considered to be a major threat. This function effectively slows down the sweep rate by 10 (resulting in an effective increase in output power) over this frequency band.
WIN -
ENH -
In order to enter any of these three modes of response, the user first chooses the required mode and can then enter desired frequencies by one of two modes:Either a). The bottom and top frequencies by means of the LO & HI buttons respectively. Or
b). The centre frequency and bandwidth by means of the CF & BW buttons respectively. After defining these frequencies the user enters the data by pressing the OK button. If mistakes are made during this process the user has the following three options:i). If the incorrect data has not been logged onto the centre window, the user should simply ignore any data and repeat the input sequence (ie. pressing the LO, HI, CF, or BW buttons resets any data inputs displayed on the left hand side data window. If incorrect data has been entered, (i.e. has been written to the centre window), the user can touch the incorrect data and press the DEL button. The correct data can then be re-entered as necessary. If all data entered is wrong, the user should touch any data input displayed on the centre window and press the CLR button. All data will then be deleted and the programming sequence can be started again.
ii).
iii).
When all the necessary data has been entered (the entered data is displayed in the centre window of the screen) the user should then save the data to a specific file by means of the following buttons. FILE Allows the user to enter a filename for the program using a touch screen QWERTY keyboard. After typing the required filename the user presses ENTER.
After returning to the MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM display, the user should then press SAVE Allows the user to save the data under the entered filename.
In order to calculate the necessary MANDREL codes, the CALC button should then be pressed.
As for the MALLETT, after calculation of the necessary DDS codes the pictorial output for the MANDREL is shown on the following screen:-
Example: A fictitious program to be entered is:Frequency bands to be covered are 20MHz to 450MHz inclusive. Communication bands are 95-120MHz and 300-350MHz Threat Bands are 25-30MHz and 200MHz with a 30MHz bandwidth (i.e. 185215MHz) The following table shows the sequence of buttons which should be pressed to create and save this file under the name MANUAL. After entering the MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM screen, press the following buttons in the order shown. Button BAND LO 20 HI 450 OK WIN Comments Enter the frequency band for jamming Enter the lower frequency for the band Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the band Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window B, 20, 450 Enter a window within the frequency band
LO 95 HI 120 OK WIN LO 300 HI 350 OK ENH LO 25 HI 35 OK ENH CF 200 BW 30 OK FILE ENTER SAVE CALC
QUIT QUIT
Enter the lower frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window W, 95, 120 Enter a window within the frequency band Enter the lower frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the window Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window W, 300, 350 Enter an enhanced band within the frequency band Enter the lower frequency for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enter the higher frequency for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window E, 25, 35 Enter an enhanced band within the frequency band Enter the centre frequency for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enter the bandwidth for the enhanced band Entered on keypad Enters the data into the centre window E, 185, 215 Changes screen to QWERTY keyboard Type MANUAL Returns to MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM screen Saves the entered data under the filename MANUAL.JDP Calculates the necessary DDS codes for Jamming of the specified program defined by the program MANUAL Wait until the calculations have been completed, the graphical representations are displayed and the text window reads Finished. Returns to MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM screen Returns to MAIN MENU
Other Function Within The MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM Screen In addition to the basic programming controls within the MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM screen described earlier, the touch screen control also provides the user with the following option:CAT CATALOGUE; Allows the user the option of downloading a previously saved file from the hard disk. After loading the file from the standard Windows screen, the user can go straight to the CALC function within the MANDREL MK2 PROGRAM screen as described earlier.
9.4
Programming MANDREL Codes Into PCMCIA Cards
After programming the necessary protocols as defined in section 9.3. the user can then create, or update, the PCMCIA (Personal Computer Manufacturers Card Industry Association standard) cards as required. The cards can be programmed within:a). b). c). The MALLETT, by using the PCMCIA card slot underneath the service access plat on the Control Unit. The MANDREL, by means of a connected fibre optic link, or RS232 serial cable to the MALLETT. A pre configured Laptop computer, with all necessary files and systems configuration processes carried out to run the Master software.
The following information describes the basic MANDREL Mk II CONTROL function and the process for creating a new code card within the MANDREL using the fibre optic link by the MALLETT, although similar procedures should be adopted for the other means of creating or updating the protocol Note : In order for the fibre optic link to be functional, the operator must ensure that the blanking 9 way "D" shell is inserted into the socket on the front panel of the MANDREL. Data communication via the Fibre Optic is inhibited if this connector is removed.
9.4.1
Creating A New MANDREL PCMCIA Card
Having securely and carefully connected (Note : care should always be taken with regard to the exposed ends of a fibre optic cable to prevent damage or cracking) the remote MANDREL to the MALLETT by means of a fibre optic link, chose the MANDREL Mk II CONTROL option from the MAIN MENU. The following screen will appear on the touch screen:-
The screen will display the last file programmed (as in 9.3 above) with a listing of the protocols saved in the centre window of the screen. Below this information screen is the following button:DOWNLOAD This function allows the user to down load the file displayed on the screen to the remote MANDREL. The duration of this download function is displayed on the counters positioned above the DOWNLOAD button and a bar reading (and percentage compete display) at the bottom of the screen. After completion of this process the REMOTE MANDREL is still operating in the mode it was before downloading. The new protocol has been stored within the MANDRELs memory and then awaits the necessary command codes to change its output. On completion of the download sequence the MANDREL will be sent the necessary codes for a system reboot, and the output frequency for the MANDREL will be the new protocol.
As described previously, the control of the remote MANDREL can be operated by means of the three buttons described below:HOLD Stops the scanning sequence of the Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS) & will inhibit the power supply to the PA. Allows the user to operate a full jamming sequence with specific WINDOWS where desired communications bands will be unaffected by the ECM equipment. Allows the user to operate a full jamming sequence for all frequencies programmed into the equipment.
WIN -
FULL -
As for the MALLETT, the data communications also provides feedback on the status of the remote MANDREL as described below:MODE "LOCAL" MANDREL is switched to STANDBY, WIN or FULL In this mode the MANDREL can not be controlled although it can be reprogrammed. The MANDREL is in REMOTE mode. Messages are being received on the Comms No messages received in the last 2 seconds MANDREL has not timed out yet. Also the MANDREL is not in the REMOTE MANDREL has timed out & is in the REMOTE position. PA within MANDREL is OFF. PA within MANDREL is ON - ie. RF OUT. MANDREL battery low flag is on. MANDREL battery low flag is off. Codes are not loaded into memory. Scanning in Windows On mode. Scanning in Windows Off mode. Correctly loaded but in STANDBY mode. Hardware fault on pcb, or incorrect loading. Front panel switch is in REMOTE position. Front panel switch is in STANDBY position. Front panel switch is in WINDOWS ON Front panel switch is in WINDOWS OFF
"REMOTE" COMMS "ONLINE" port. "OFFLINE" "ARMING" mode. "ARMED"
ARMING -
PA POWER -
"STANDBY" "RUNNING" "BATT LOW" "BATT OK" "UNLOADED" "WIN" "FULL" "STANDBY" "FAULT" "REMOTE" "STANDBY" "WIN SW" position. "FULL SW" position.
BATTERY -
SAMJAM -
SWITCH -
STATUS -
"BUSY" memory. "READY" signals.
The codes are being downloaded into the The MANDREL is ready to receive control
Note : All messages will show "OFFLINE" if no legal message has been received. If the communications link is working correctly, all messages will be updated approximately once every second. In addition to the basic controls and protocol programming for the MANDREL, the user can also introduce a safety delay period which prevents emissions of RF after fully booting up and downloading the codes to the electronic circuitry. Further details of this function are given in section 9.4.2. The user can simply increase or decrease the safety delay period in 10 second intervals (minimum time delay is set to 10 seconds) by pressing the UP/DOWN buttons. When DOWNLOADING the protocol any such preset time delay will also be saved on the PCMCIA card for further usage within the MANDREL. 9.4.2 Safety Delay Programming
If the NEW MANDREL CARD option is chosen from the MAIN MENU (Note : This function can be carried out using a suitable prepared Laptop computer with integral software by means of a pre designated PCMCIA card terminal), the following screen will appear:-
The user should then set the desire safety delay period required for the particular MANDREL PCMCIA card by pressing the UP/DOWN arrows until the desired time is reached. When the required safety delay is displayed the user should press OK and
the necessary program codes and this safety delay will be written to the PCMCIA card inserted into the host equipment (ie. MALLETT or Laptop). The process of creating a new MANDREL card is:a). b). c). Format the card to remove any unwanted or previous data on the card. Reformat the card and load the necessary system files from DOS in order to create a BOOT disk/ card. Copy all the necessary files required for control and operation of the MANDREL.
During the card programming sequence the user will be asked to verify (Y/N) if another card is to be formatted. The user should type "N" at each prompt. If the user types "Y", the process loop of formatting is repeated. If the display indicates an error message in formatting a card, the operator should check that the card is securely inserted into the socket (NB : An audible bleep is given by a laptop when the card is inserted), that the PCMCIA card is not damaged and that its battery has been correctly inserted into the card, and then repeat the process. 9.5 Controlling A Remote MANDREL
In order to control a remote MANDREL, the user can choose to operate this from either the main CONTROL PANEL (see section 6.1) for applications where the remote MANDREL is used in conjunction with the MALLETT equipment or the MANDREL Mk 2 CONTROL screen (section 9.4.1) if the MANDREL is to be used on its own. In each case the user controls the operation of the MANDREL by the following three buttons:HOLD Stops the scanning sequence of the Direct Digital Synthesiser (DDS) & will inhibit the power supply to the PA. Allows the user to operate a full jamming sequence with specific WINDOWS where desired communications bands will be unaffected by the ECM equipment. Allows the user to operate a full jamming sequence for all frequencies programmed into the equipment.
WIN -
FULL -
9.6
Charging The Battery
Care should be taken with the usage and general maintenance of the Lead Acid batteries within the MANDREL. If these batteries are allowed to be completely discharged, the cells may be damaged beyond repair and will need to be replaced. The batteries should therefore be regularly charged to ensure that the maximum life expectancy of the cells is realised. The batteries should be connected to the battery chargers by means of the external connector socket (4 pin socket on the side of the
MANDREL) and the battery charger switched on at the mains plug. The operator should then operate the Main switch to the CHG (charge) position and ensure that the corresponding LED is illuminated. A full charging cycle for batteries which have been discharge to the level indicated by the buzzer is in the region of 10 hours for the internal battery pack and 15 hours for the external battery pack. Once the batteries have reached their battery charger output voltage (in the region of 55 Volts) the equipment can be deployed for operational usage.
10.
DIRECTION FINDER
The DF6 is a self-contained radio direction finding system covering the frequency range of 25 to 1000MHz. It can monitor and display bearings of signals with all normal modulation types and is intended for general purpose fixed or mobile applications where easy operation, wide frequency coverage and remote control facilities are required. The following section gives a brief introduction to the DF6 equipment and should be read in conjunction with Annex II of this document and the ICOM R7100 communications receiver manual provided under a separate cover. 10.1 Basic Direction Finder System Configuration
The DF uses a modern industrial standard communications receiver (the R7100), which combines wide frequency coverage and high sensitivity. Demodulators are provided within the equipment for AM, NBFM, WBFM, SSB & CW. The receiver shares frequency and control data with the DF processor via a serial link. The processor can therefore always select the most suitable antenna array (if applicable) and apply automatic correction techniques if necessary. The DF combines single channel Watson-Watt principles with modern microprocessor technology. The mast mounted antenna array comprises of four dipole antennas pairs connected as two crossed Adcock pairs (approximately 850mm apart). Outputs from the North-South and East West pairs are amplitude modulated at two different low-audio frequencies and combined with a sense signal. All signals picked up by the antenna are therefore amplitude modulated in a way which depends of their direction of arrival. The DF modulation is recovered from the received signal by a dedicated AM demodulator in the receiver, digitised and stored in the memory. All further processing is carried out by dedicated software integrated into the system design. 10.2 Operating The Direction Finder
In order to protect the equipment during periods of ECM emissions, the Direction Finding equipment is only enabled if the MALLETT, and remotely connected MANDREL and the Telephone Jammer are OFF. In this mode the user can then switch on the DF equipment by means of the ON/OFF switch positioned on the Communication Receiver. After several seconds (warm up period) the equipment will boot up to standard mode of operation and allow the user monitor the direction of any RF emissions from the front console. Having detected an RF source by means of the Sniffer equipment, the user can tune in the DF to the specific frequency identified, and accurately determine the relative position of the source to the vehicle. Details of the source locations from the vehicle can be noted down and typed into the Sniffer file for future reference. Note: if the Sniffer is being used in Response Inhibit mode the DF equipment will be switched off immediately when a threat has been identified.
10.3
DF Mapping (Calibration)
Due to the nature of reflections and absorption of radio frequency waves by different materials encountered within any environment throughout the world it is necessary to carry out a number of checks (or calibration exercises) on the equipment to look for any anomalies or areas of inaccuracy which may need to be taken into account when using the equipment in the field. The following section describes one particular method which can be used to assess the accuracy of the DF equipment within a particular environment. The method described produces a set of results which must be interpreted by the user for a greater understanding of the RF scenario for the particular environment in question. Set up the following trials site:-
More accurate results will be obtained if the distance between the transmitter source and the vehicle is as large as possible (ie. greater than 10 times the wavelength of the target transmitter). However, it is recognised that this may not be possible due to limited power from the signal generator and available space for the trials.
Carry out the following sequence of trials and record the results on the DF Mapping Sheet for future reference and analytical evaluation of results. a). Choose a fixed reference frequency. This frequency is used as a basis of zeroing the position of the vehicle relative to the RF source for each bearing. Align the vehicle and ensure that the reading is (approximately) zero for the north bearing at the fixed reference frequency. Change the frequency of the signal generator for each of the levels given in the table of results (ie. 25 to 90MHz) and record the error (+/-) in the reading on the DF equipment from the expected reference bearing. After completing a set of results, move either the vehicle or the RF source, to align for another bearing. Repeat the zeroing setup procedure for each bearing using the fixed reference frequency. Repeat the exercise until all bearings have been completed. Plot the results in polar and/or x-y co-ordinates and evaluate the results as necessary.
b).
c).
d).
e). f).
After an initial evaluation of the results obtained from this procedure it may be advantageous to repeat the exercise with the following variations in order to build up a data base of information on the performance of the equipment. i). ii). Repeat with different fixed reference frequencies to look for trends. Repeat at several locations to assess how reflections and absorption of the RF affect the results obtained. Repeat the exercise using different averaging functions on the equipment.
iii).
DF MAPPING RESULTS SHEET

NW Frequenc +/- Bearing y ( o) (MHz)
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
N Frequenc +/- Bearing (o ) y (MHz)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
NE Frequenc +/- Bearing (o ) y (MHz)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
W Frequenc +/- Bearing y ( o) (MHz)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
E Frequenc y (MHz)
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
+/- Bearing (o )
SW Frequenc +/- Bearing y ( o) (MHz)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
S Frequenc y (MHz)
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
+/- Bearing (o )
SE Frequenc +/- Bearing (o ) y (MHz)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Taken By :.......................... Location :................................
Date : ...............
11.
R.F. SNIFFER
The MALLETT Jammer contains Radio Frequency Sniffer equipment for use in both mapping a location (WATERFALL & ACQUISITION) and Response Inhibit (AUTO) mode. The following information summarises the basic configuration of the equipment, operational procedures for setting up, calibrating and using the Sniffer (in either mode) and provides information on data storage and media back-up. 11.1 Basic Sniffer System Configuration
The diagram below shows a schematic representation of the Sniffer equipment provided within the MALLETT.
The RF Sniffer consists of two separate pieces of equipment:A). Sniffer Head - This device provides the interface between the RF antenna (either mounted on a remotely positioned tripod, or on the roof of the vehicle) and the Analyser. It contains the necessary power supply converter and RF interface to provide an optical output for the data. The fibre optic transmission media allows the user to transmit information over distances of up to 500 metres in a noisy EM environment. The fibre optic cable drums (each comprising of 250m) are stored within the side compartment of the front console during transportation and can be connected in series by means of the fibre-fibre adapter housed inside the panel on the side of the cable drum. B). AnalyserThis device (typically positioned on top of the Interface Box) converts the incident RF data received across the fibre-optic link
into serial data for further processing within the MALLETT Control Unit. 11.2 Operating The Sniffer
The following section briefly describes the set-up and operational procedure for the RF Sniffer unit. It assumes the equipment is being used in a remote location (ie. mounted on the tripod). For use within the vehicle the fibre-optic link from the vehicle bulkhead should be connected directly to the Analyser F/O input and the power source cable from the Interface Box should be connected directly to Sniffer Head in its vehicle stored position. 11.2.1 Set Up Of Sniffer Head To Tripod
The Sniffer Head should be securely mounted to the base of the Tripod by means of two retaining pins as shown in the diagram below:-
The connection of the antenna by the BNC connector and the fibre optic cable should be made to control panel face of the Sniffer Head. The power source lead (from either the rechargeable battery source within the tripod, or the voltage supply from the MALLETT when mounted in the vehicle)should also be securely attached to the Sniffer Head.
The user should operate the control switch to the Battery Test position and verify on the bar graph display that the power source connected is suitable for the perceived task (ie. expected time of operation) to be undertaken. In order to activate the Sniffer Head the user should operate the switch into the ON position and verify that the Green LED is illuminated. 11.2.2 Control Of Sniffer From MALLETT
In order to operate the Sniffer software, the user should chose the SNIFFER option from the MAIN MENU (see section 4.2). The following screen will appear.
On the first boot up of this software the user is required to verify the system COM ports which are to be run from the programme. For use within the MALLETT the user should toggle the CHANGE button in the "RUN FROM" box until the display shows MALLETT & COM4. For use on a laptop the setting should be LAPTOP & COM2. After the first setup the system will retain its settings within the memory and require no further setting changes on boot up. If this procedure is not carried out the system will display "Invalid Property Value" and exit from the programme. The following sections describe the brief outline of the main options to chose from the SNIFFER MAIN MENU. The text provided is aimed at introducing the user to the main areas of system access that is available, although a more detailed understanding of the capability of the software should be gained through user experience within the specific environment associated with use of the equipment.
11.2.3
WATERFALL DISPLAY
This option allows the user to visually interrogate the RF environment of a specific location with a display of each scan be sequentially positioned on the screen at variable time intervals. This function is intended to be used when looking at, and identifying trends, within a specific location (as opposed to quantitative measurement techniques) and for establishing a picture of the normal variations in RF environment. The top display is a cumulative display with newer data appearing at the front and older data gradually disappearing at the back. The bottom display shows the current (i.e. front) data in red together with the current MAX HOLD line in blue. If the MAX HOLD is reset on another screen it will effect the MAX HOLD on the waterfall screen. The line-spacing and colours may be altered to suit the user.
In order to verify the Sniffer to Mallett communications link a yellow LED indicator is provided which should flash approximately every second to verify that successful data transfer is taking place. The following information summarises the control buttons for this screen:The spacing between successive data lines and the colour scheme for the line & background can be altered by pressing the SETUP key.With this button pressed (having opted to change a colour), the following screen will be displayed:-
The user has the following options:Show MAX HOLD Display (or hide) the MAX HOLD line on the lower display. RESET MAX Resets the MAX HOLD line on the lower display Narrow Normal Wide Back Colour Fill Colour Line Colour Close spacing between successive data lines. Normal spacing between successive data lines. Wide spacing between successive data lines. To change the Background Colour To change the Line Fill Colour To change the Line Colour
The user should press OK when all necessary changes have been made. Control of the WATERFALL screen is by means of:RUN/HOLD -Starts & Pauses (respectively) the display of RF scans on the screen. QUIT Returns the user to the SNIFFER MAIN MENU.
11.2.4
DATA ACQUISITION
If the user chooses the DATA ACQUISITION button from the SNIFFER MAIN MENU, the user has the facility for data storage of information concerning a specific environmental location : Data Logging function.
This display shows raw data being read into the SNIFFER. Below the graphical display there are a number of ON/OFF toggle switches which can be used to provide various forms of data on the RF environment in question:GRID Toggles between a displayed, or hidden. logarithmic grid being
MAX HOLD -
Provides a running MAX HOLD function based on all information received after setting the MAX HOLD function. Clears the MAX HOLD data in the memory and restarts the MAX HOLD function. Provides a display of the MEAN value for any all particular frequencies in the range 20 to 90MHz Clears the MEAN function calculation and restarts the MEAN function.
MAX HOLD CLR -
MEAN -
MEAN CLR -
Historical Switch - This button toggles between the following

HIST MAX HIST RAW HIST AVE HIST OFF -
Shows maximum hold for historical file selected. Last screen of historical raw data saved in the selected file. Shows mean for historical file selected. Do not show historical data.
RAW DATA screen.
Switches the RAW DATA on and off on the
A colour coded key is displayed at the bottom of the screen as follows:- RAW DATA - MEAN DATA - MAX DATA - HIST DATA Blue Mauve Green Dark Green
In order to run the DATA ACQUISITION software the operator chooses the RUN (/HOLD) toggle button from the SCANNING section in the bottom right corner of the screen. The Current Trial Data section of the screen is to allow the user to feed in information on the trials site and save the file for future reference. The following functions/ data legends are provided:Location Operator Type in the specific location in free text Type in the Operators Name/ Code in free text
The saving function within this screen operates on the following basis:DIR The directory into which a particular file will be saved is the fist 8 characters of the location. The filename for the particular saved file is based on the date and time when the file is saved.
FILE -
Other buttons provided in this area of the screen are :HIST NOTES Switches to historical file from current raw data. Opens up a notes window for inserting any text deemed necessary. See screen dump below for example.
The cursor can be used to identify the frequency and amplitude of interesting points on the graph by initially positioning the cursor in the vicinity the point in question and then moving it using the left and right arrows along the line. The button in between the arrows indicates whether the cursor is checking the current (CURR) or historical (HIST) data line.
Within the CURSOR VALUE area of the screen, indicator boxes are provided to show the frequency and logged RF level for the cursor. Below this are a number of options for LOGGING information within the computer system:PRINT Prints out graph on last RAW DATA and MAX HOLD onto a printer connected to the printer port on the front panel of the Control Unit. Note : Some monochrome printers interpret some colours as white. Therefore it is recommended to carry out a test print on any chosen colour scheme. Used to set up the printer options (see WINDOWS & printer manuals for details) Saves all current information within the window to the file designation described in Current Trial Data above. Loads an historical file saved on the hard disk.
SETUP -
SAVE -
LOAD -
As described above the user can view the information contained within this file using the other function buttons displayed on the screen. FIND Search option which, when invoke, allows the user to search/ find key words or numbers, etc.
The user can search by location for all files that have been previously saved. The list of the found files is then displayed and the operator can chose to view up to 5 files for comparison on the screen. For these files the user can view various parts of the saved file (i.e.. MAX, AVG, or RAW) with other functions as described previously. The operator can return to the previous screen by pressing the HIDE button, below the logging functions, where there a number of indicators which can be used to verify the operational status of the equipment. With the previous DATA LOGGING SCREEN reloaded, the following functions can be further used for information purposes. The TIME OUT number is a measurement of the time taken between the previous display and the current data on the screen. The three LEDs are visual verifications of communications status. The two outer LEDs should alternately flash to indicate successful data transfer is taking place. The centre LED should always be green to indicate a valid communications link has been established and maintained. This LED goes grey if a problem is detected such as no data being received within approximately 2 seconds after a request from the processor to the Sniffer. PEAK Signal Identification Buttons. It can be difficult on the touch screen to place the cursor accurately on a particular peak for logging purposes. The two arrow buttons (left and right) can be used to scroll across the screen and will step to the next local maximum on the MAX HOLD line. The frequency and level for each point are displayed on the cursor value boxes. In order to simplify the process, the user should use the touch screen to position the
cursor near to the desired peak and the scroll across the screen using the arrow keys until the desired peak is identified. Having selected a number of files from the logical options of key words, the user can select up to 5 files which can be displayed on the screen at any time. The colour of the chosen feature is displayed on the legend at the bottom of the graphical display, and the operator can chose to compare the MAX, AVE and/or last RAW DATA. The other functions associated with this screen are:RESET Clears all search parameters and makes the search list for all available files (of file type .SNS) Returns to previous screen with last historical data now saved within the system. Loads a particular file from the hard disk by WINDOWS standard operation.
HIDE -
LOAD -
11.2.5
AUTO RESPONSE (Response Inhibit Mode)
The AUTO RESPONSE, or Response Inhibit function, is an automatic means of physically reacting to external RF stimulus which is considered to be a potential threat. The system allows the user to pre-program a specific threat level, above which a number of potential responses can be made by the integral ECM equipment. The operational response and definition of the perceived threat level will be dependant on the environmental scenario, the type of threat(s) which may be under consideration and historical information on the particular location in question. From the SNIFFER MAIN MENU, if AUTO RESPONSE is chosen the following screen (having chosen the RUN button) will appear showing a straight line response threat level and the raw data being received by the Sniffer.
Depending on the ambient lighting conditions, the user can select different grid densities (GRIDLINES), and as previously used in the ACQUISITION screen the user can toggle various features such as MAX HOLD and DATA displays. Trigger Adjust In order to move the trigger level position, the keys denoted by +1%, +10% can be used to move the threat line by the corresponding level.
Trigger Source PEAK LEVEL Sets the current MAX HOLD levels as the new Threat line for the Response Inhibit function. Sets a straight Threat Line (initially at -60dBm) which can subsequently be moved or altered as described elsewhere in this section. Loads the MAX HOLD of the last loaded historical file as the new Threat Response Inhibit line. Allows the user the facility to customise a specific threat response based on both historical data and/or predetermined modifications which may be necessary within the specific environment for the operation of the equipment.
HIST USER -
For example, if the user selects the USER button, the display will show the current threat line for the system (which may be either a straight line or based on historical data) and a green EDIT line, which may be moved and sized by means of the arrow buttons (up down, left or right : NB. these can be moved by either tapping the icons or rubbing to increase the speed of response of the line movement). This function can be used to modify the existing threat line to account for areas which may be of specific interest (i.e.. decrease the threat level) or of no real interest (i.e.. specific frequencies for which high RF noise is expected to always be present, such as that from a local transmitter/ radio station). Visual verification of both the frequency and level are displayed between the buttons.
Having moved the green EDIT line to the desired position, the user presses the SET button, which fixes the new threat line for the system. This process can be repeated until all areas of user set threat lines have been incorporated as required. This data can then be saved as a particular threat response line (as file type .tpf) for subsequent retrieval. This retrieval is by means of the LOAD key positioned adjacent to the SAVE button.
If the operator wishes to return to the previous screen with the new threat line SAVED, the DONE button should be pressed.
This screen shows an historical response file which has been loaded & then modified by the USER keys to produce an amalgamated response threat line. In the top right hand corner of the screen, the number of threats which have been detected is displayed in numerical format, with a list of the last frequency threats detected displayed below it. Having returned to the top level Response Inhibit Screen, the Threat Response can be set by pressing the SETUP button. The following screen will be displayed.
As required by the specific operational scenario, the user can chose to force a response from any combination of the following:a). MALLETT - To either an auto (frequency specific) or pre-programmed response. b). MANDREL - To a pre-programmed response. c). TELEPHONE JAMMER - (SAT JAM) To a full response from 1.5 to 1.9 GHz only if the MALLETT has been enabled. The Telephone Jammer can not be used as an independent response to a threat in the 20 to 90 MHz frequency range. For the MALLETT (and MANDREL unless otherwise stated) Jammer response the following options are available:OFF AUTO No response is required by this equipment. Provides a calculated narrow band response which brackets each threat frequency identified by any single sweep. This option is not currently available for the MANDREL. See Note 1. Provides the pre-programmed output from the equipment including any preset windows. Provides the pre-programmed output from the equipment with no windows.
WIN -
FULL -
Note 1 : When running in AUTO mode, it may be possible for the response to be tripped by a single glitch monitored by the equipment (i.e.. generator being switched on close by, etc) and a single tone response may be provided. During this False response period the SNIFFER is disabled and therefore real threats may be missed. The time for which the equipment provides an RF output is controlled by the UP/DOWN arrows in the top left corner of the screen. This can be set any where from 10 seconds to 99 minutes, 50 seconds in 10 second intervals and is the preset time for any designated equipment activated by the user. The LIST button puts up the following screen which shows the last 10 occasions when a received frequency exceeded the current threat threshold level. This is useful if the equipment has to be left unattended for a while. These are retained even if the equipment is turned off and are replaced only by new threat level violations being detected. Pressing LIST again hides the display, the screen reverting to normal.
i).
The FORCE button forces a programmed response without requiring a real threat to be detected. The KILL button immediately stops a response if one is in progress and returns the system to run mode.
ii).
The following screen shows a predetermined threat response line and raw data which has not exceeded this threshold. Raw data which does not exceed the threshold is shown in green.
In order to speed up the response time, the user can switch off all non threat data (i.e.. toggle the ALL DATA switch), and only threats which exceed the threshold will be displayed in red:-
Further operational procedures and techniques should be formalised through usage and familiarisation with the equipment, coupled with user specific operational scenarios which may be pertinent to the environment under consideration. 11.2.6 Programming Of Responses For MALLETT & MANDREL
The procedure for programming specific frequency response for both the MANDREL and the MALLETT is identical to those described previously within this manual. The required response in terms of its BANDWIDTH, WINDOWS and ENHANCED frequencies are entered into the system controller, the FILE SAVED as before and the required programming protocols CALCULATED, before QUITTING and returning to the AUTO RESPONSE screen for further action.
12.
EXIT & POWER DOWN OF MALLETT JAMMER
In order to exit the MALLETT system the following procedure should be carried out:a). b). Return to the MAIN MENU of the system and press QUIT. Exit from the PROGRAM MANAGER screen as usual within WINDOWS. Return to the rear of the vehicle and switch the DC-DC Converter to the OFF position. Disconnect all external devices such as any Remote MANDREL, Sniffer etc and secure all cabling in a safe place. Keep the Air-Conditioning running for several minutes to allow the systems to be cooled down after usage. Secure and lock the rear door of the vehicle.
c).
d).
e).
f).

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COMMERCIAL-IN-CONFIDENCE

BDL Document Number: 98/ECM/ESP/GEN/02/02 March 05, 1998 Issue 1.0

This product is licensed and copy written by

BDL Systems Limited

BDL SYSTEMS LIMITED

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 1

INTRODUCTION TO ECM JAMMER USER MANUAL

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 3

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 4

Basic Usage Of ECM Jamming Equipment

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 5

MALLETT PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 8

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 9

Jamming Sweep Rate

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 11

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 12

BASIC SYSTEM INSTALLATION INFORMATION

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 13

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 14

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 15

Task Description Insert Batteries

Attach Mid-Mounting Plate

Secure the Air Conditioner

Attach cables to PA Unit

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 16

Task Description Attach Interface Box

Attach Control Unit (CU)

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 17

Task Description Attach Telephone Jammer

Attach Sniffer Analyser

Secure Sniffer Unit

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 18

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 19

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 20

Insertion & Removal Of Front Seat Control Panel

iv). v). vi).

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 23

iv). v). vi).

b). c). 3.5

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 30

MALLETT WIDE BAND JAMMER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

ii). iii). iv). v). vi).

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 32

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 33

PROGRAMMING THE MALLETT

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 35

20 OK FILE ENTER SAVE CALC

QUIT QUIT 5.2

Other Function Within The MALLETT PROGRAM Screen

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 37

RUNNING THE MALLETT JAMMER

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 39

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 41

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 43

Operating The Telephone Jammer

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 44

CONTROLLING A REMOTE MANDREL JAMMER

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 48

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 49

Programming The MANDREL Jammer From The MALLETT

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 51

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 53

Programming MANDREL Codes Into PCMCIA Cards

Commercial-In-Confidence Page No. 54