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Background Information

Definition of Overweight and Obesity

Obesity or overweight has a different meaning for everyone. For most women and men, obesity means being overweight far exceeding the desired weight. Sometimes we often have been confused with the understanding of obesity and overweight, although the two terms have different understanding. Obesity is a condition where there is an excessive accumulation of body fat, so that someones weight is far above normal and might be harmful to health. Meanwhile overweight is a condition where someones weight exceeds the normal weight. Obesity definitions according to the doctors are as follow:
A condition in which body fat is in abundance A chronic disease that can be treated An epidemic disease A condition associated with other diseases and can reduce quality of life Obesity treatment requires a very high treatment costs

Obesity occurs because there is an imbalance between the energy that comes in and comes out. Body Mass Index (BMI) has been recognized as the most practical method in determining the level of overweight and obesity in adults under the age of 70. Overweight and Obesity as a Global Problem Based on the data collected from all over the world showed that prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing in the last 10-15 years. From the data is also shown that the incidence of obesity in America higher than in Europe, as shown in the picture below.

Estimated Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in % of population

Currently estimated at more than 100 million worldwide people suffer from obesity, and this number will remain continue to increase rapidly. If this situation continues, in the year of 2230 will be estimated that 100% of U.S population will become obese. In many countries found that men tend to suffer from overweight (BMI 25-29.9), whereas women tend to suffer from obesity (obese - BMI> 30).

With the advancement of developing countries, then overweight and obesity are also growing into a global health problem that is very important. But because the data on these very rare, so the handling on the development and overweight problems in developing countries become obstructed, this might be due to geographical location and distribution of public social level.

Overweight and Obesity in Indonesia Estimated Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Indonesia (Dit BGM DepKes, 1997)

Of the estimated 210 million Indonesian population in 2000, the number of overweight people is estimated to reach 76.7 million (17.5%) and obese patients totaled more than 9.8 million (4.7%). Based on these data, it can be concluded that overweight and obesity in Indonesia has become a big problem that needs a serious handling. Body Mass Index (BMI) The term normal, overweight, and obese can be different, each country and culture has its own criteria, therefore, WHO set up a measurement / classification of obesity that does not depend on cultural biases.

The most useful method and widely used to measure the level of obesity is a BMI (Body Mass
Index), which is obtained by dividing weight (kg) by square of height (meters). BMI value obtained does not depend on age and gender.

BMI limitations are can not be used for: Children who are in the growth period Pregnant women The person who is very muscular, for example athletes BMI can be used to determine how likely a person can be exposed to the risk of certain diseases caused by weight. Someone categorized as obese and needed treatment when having BMI above 30, or in the other words the person excess 20% of body weight.

BMI Classification According on WHO (1998)

Category Underweight Batas Normal Overweight: Pre-obese Obese I Obese II Obese III

BMI (kg/m2) < 18.5 kg/m2 18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2 > 25 25.0 29.9 kg/m2 30.0 - 34.9 kg/m2 35.0 - 39.9 kg/m2 > 40.0 kg/m2

Comorbiditas Risk Low (but the risk of other clinical problem is increased) Average increase medium Risky Very Risky