THESIS
COLLABORATIVE PLANNING AND
SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF
SAFETY AND PRODUCTION INDICATORS
IN THE LAST SYSTEM
PLANNER
This paper proposes a methodology to improve productivity and
safety on site
El presente trabajo propone una metodología para mejorar la productividad y seguridad en
obra
Natalia Sihuay Arauco/ orcid 2006-4403-412
Xavier Brioso Lescano
Deyler Mundaca Montalvo/orcid (0000-0001-5488-9552)
Felix German Delgado Ramírez/0000-0002-7188-9471
RESUMO
The first part of the methodology consists of a brief
review of all the tools of the Last Planner System,
likewise the use of the collaborative planning, which
consists of working together with all those involved
during the planning of each train of activities in all
the system stages. He focused primarily on the
Look ahead stage in order to highlight the
importance of the support areas and to carry out a
good analysis of constraints which includes
knowing both the production constraints and the
support areas, including security. As a second part,
the integration methodology proposed by Brioso
was taken. (2015) that allows to classify the types
of work in: Productive (that generate value),
Contributory (those that help generate value) and
Non-contributory (not generate value) and at the
same time determine under what acts and standard
conditions or substandard (secure or insecure) are
executed. This new classification allows to
measure simultaneously the productivity and safety
of a work to know its status true in terms of these
terms. Using the proposed methodology of the
thesis, it was evaluated, through surveys,
photographic and video records, the initial state of
a local construction company that makes use of
Lean Construction to obtain safety indicators and
productivity and identify opportunities for
improvement and corrective measures. Keywords:
Collaborative planning, Last Planner, Lean
construction, productivity, security.
, colaborativa, Last Planner, Lean construction,
RESUMEN
La primera parte de la metodología consiste en un
breve repaso de todas las herramientas del
Sistema Last planner, asimismo se enfatizó el uso
de la planificación colaborativa, la cual consiste en
trabajar de manera conjunta con todos los
implicados durante la planificación de cada tren de
actividades en todas las etapas del sistema. Se
enfocó principalmente en la etapa del Lookahead
con el fin de resaltar la importancia de las áreas de
soporte y de realizar un buen análisis de
restricciones el cual incluya conocer tanto las
restricciones de producción como de las áreas de
soporte entre ellas la de seguridad. Como segunda
parte se tomó la metodología de integración
propuesta por Brioso (2015) que permite clasificar
los tipos de trabajos en: Productivos (que generan
valor), Contributivos (los que ayudan a generar
valor) y No Contributivos (no generan valor) y a la
vez determinar bajo que actos y condiciones
estándar o sub estándar (seguros o inseguros) se
ejecutan. Esta nueva clasificación permite medir
simultáneamente la productividad y seguridad de
una obra para conocer su estado real en cuanto a
estos términos. Utilizando la metodología
propuesta de la tesis se evaluó, mediante
encuestas, registros fotográficos y videos, el
estado inicial de una empresa constructora local
que hace uso del Lean Construcción para obtener
indicadores de seguridad y productividad e
identificar oportunidades de mejora y medidas
correctivas. Palabras clave: Planificación
productividad, seguridad
INTRODUCTION

In 2007 the country experienced economic stabilization and great growth reflected with a GDP of 9%
compared to the previous year, reaching a sum of US$109,217 million, another important point was
that inflation had stabilized which made it possible to reduce interest rates and in Consequently, it
caused greater access to credits in different modalities. Likewise, the purchasing power of the
population increased, which was determinant to generate an increase in the demand for housing. All
these factors combined to generate the well-known boom real estate.
It is in this context that many of the local real estate companies have focused their efforts on improving
the homes they offer and at the same time have found it convenient to standardize its products
because the more standard whatever is produced, fewer losses occur and more profits are made
generate.
This is how it has been seen and is seen as convenient to adopt new systems of management,
one of them being the Lean Construction philosophy and its tool the
Last Planner System. Also due to this growth the
government determined to establish norms and laws that regulate the safety of workers in each
construction site and that is why we currently have
with Standard G050 and Law 29783.
According to the Lean Construction Institute (LCI 2016), the Last Planner System has the
following tools for the entire execution of the project: The Master Plan, Pull Planning, Look ahead,
Weekly Plan and Percentage of Fulfilled Plan (PPC). For him
success in the development of the system works by measuring and improving productivity (efficiency
of the use of resources to complete a project in a time certain). To measure this term in construction
works, you can use two tools, one of them is the General Level of Activity and the other the Letter
Balance. With both it is possible to determine in percentage how many of the workers, of the work
under study, are doing productive work (that generate advance value), contributory jobs (that help
generate value) and Non-contributory (those that do not generate or help to generate value). Thus, the
work measures its productivity, it also focuses on improvement and in some cases.
It is possible to compare these percentages with international standards. Secondly,
Regarding security, there is also a method to measure in percentage how many standard and sub-
standard (safe and non-safe) acts and conditions are
happening on site.
The idea of this thesis arises based on two problems: one of them is observing that several
companies that mention making use of the Last Planner end up just using the Look head’s crafting
phase by leaving aside the rest of the tools that are necessary to use. The second problem is that
although it is true measurements are made to know the productivity and safety on site, these
measurements are made separately, giving priority to the productivity measurement and leaving safety
in the background. Must be highlight that to affirm that a job is productive it must also be safe and
Usually it is found that only productivity is being considered, not safety.
The objective of this research is to implement a methodology which contains two parts: one of
them is the use of collaborative planning throughout the Last Planner system where it is sought to
review the tools that must be used and it is recommended to execute each phase in a coordinated
manner with all the involved from contractors, executors, client and all support areas.
The second part uses the integration methodology proposed by Brioso (2015) with the
in order to unfriendly show the indices of the types of work (Productive Contributory and Non
Contributory) and under what acts and conditions -whether they are standard or substandard - are
being carried out. These found percentages can be relate to the accident rates that are recorded on
site each certain time.
The relationship of the two mentioned parts occurs when obtaining indicators
low productivity and safety is due to the fact that there is some lack in the use of the Last Planner
system and to improve these indicators is that the use of collaborative planning.
Based on this objective, it was necessary to study a real case that demonstrates the importance
of using this methodology. The analysis was based on studying two works in Metropolitan Lima to
obtain its organizational status, the use of the system Last Planner and its productivity and security
indexes all based on surveys and on-site filming.
MAIN GOAL
To raise awareness of the importance of using collaborative planning throughout the
Last Planner system especially between the production area and the support areas
in the stage of making the Lookahead. Also implement a method of evaluation for works under
construction, which allows measuring the types of works (Productive, Contributory and Non-
Contributory) and the acts and standard conditions and substandard simultaneously which will be
called Integration Methodology (Brioso 2015) in order to show that both indicators are equally
important.

Scope
This paper presents the use of the Last Planner system and a methodology of integration that allows
to measure the productivity and safety of work in the area of construction of multi-family homes.
To comply with said productivity, the resources used will be seen, such as: hand labor, materials, tools
and equipment.
The use of the Last planner system and the level of productivity and security were evaluated
of each work, for this filming was made going through the work in a randomly and recording the activity
carried out by each worker, having special importance for the acts and standard and sub-standard
conditions in which found.
a) Type of company:
For the present work, a formal company constituted in the
real estate sector, which is found with several projects in the city of
Lime. It is known that he practices the philosophy of Lean Construction.

b) Type of project:
Projects within the housing construction category were considered
multi-family

c) Project stages:
The two projects under study have a stage of structural hull, masonry and
a minimum percentage of finishes.

d) Project location:
Both projects are located in Metropolitan Lima

Lean philosophy in construction

It is in the 90s when the Toyota concept based on the identification and loss elimination migrates to
construction. In 1992 with the studies of Lauri Koskela on interrupted flow and in 1994 with Glenn
Ballard on the system Last Planner (the last planner) is when the study about the improvements in the
construction process, understanding everything that it implies from the production process to the final
product.
As mentioned, Lauri Koskela (1992) begins to implement the new manufacturing production trends
in construction with his study entitled “Application of the new production philosophy to construction”

Comparison of the Lean methodology with the

methodology traditional
It is important to be able to compare production from the point of view conventional and from the Lean
Construction philosophy. Basically the concept of productivity is what generates the difference
between both methodologies. the lean construction sees productivity as a series of activities that
generate value and flows that do not generate value. Instead, the methodology conventional view of
production as a series of activities regardless of whether or not they generate value. Below is a
comparative table showing explains a little more in detail the difference between both methodologies

Table 2.1-1 Comparison between traditional production and Lean production construction (Adapted
from Alarcón Fernando, 2009)

CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTION PRODUCTION WITH LEAN CONSTRUCTION

Concept Production is made up of a series Output consists of activities (conversions) that

of activities (conversions that may add value and flows that do not add value
or may not add value)

Objetive Focus on products and services It focuses on all activities of the company

execution Ejecutada como órdenes Executed as higher orders

mode superiores

Methodology detect and prevent Prevent

Customers External, outside the company external and internal

Responsibility quality department All members of the company

Control Cost of activities Cost of activities, time and value of flows.

Gets better It consists of implementation of Improved efficiency with continuous

new technologies improvement of processes, reduction of flow
times and implementation of technologies.

Safety on site: Acts and standard and sub-standard

conditions
Currently, in our environment we have a legal regulation for the field of construction which is
considered a high risk activity. It counts with the G050 Standard Safety and Health during construction
(2009) and the Law No. 29783 on Safety and Health at Work (2011) where decrees that the
management and security systems in all companies. The law establishes civil and criminal liability for
the senior management of companies in case they do not take the necessary preventive and
corrective measures to that workers carry out their activities safely. In order to comply with work safety
standards, we will rely on in the G050 standard, within the requirements that it covers we have the
following:
✓ Individual protection equipment
✓ Collective protections
✓ Hand tools and portable equipment
✓ Protection in jobs with risk of falling
✓ Use of scaffolding
✓ Order and cleanliness
✓ Fire protection
✓ Handling and movement of loads
The fulfillment or not of these requirements allows us to determine the acts and standard and
substandard conditions in which the staff.
Law No. 29783:
This law was promulgated in the Official Gazette El Peruano on August 20, 2011, whose
objective is to promote a culture of occupational risk prevention in the country between: The
State, the employer and the workers. within the most highlighting we will mention the following
a. The obligations of the employer are:

• Ensure that the entire organization accepts and assumes responsibility

• about safety and health at work.
• Establish, apply and evaluate a policy and program regarding the security and health at work.
• Comply with the principles of the SGSST (Safety Management System and Occupational
Health).
• Guarantee that the workers and their representatives adopt the measures necessary to perform
full work.
• Give all the necessary resources to ensure that those responsible comply with the provisions.
Security plan according to law:
The plan must be carried out from the preparation of the budget of the work to estimate the costs of its
implementation.
1. The Site Manager or Resident is directly responsible for its implementation.
2. All executors on site, whether they are contractors or subcontractors, must comply with the
posed.
3. The standard indicates the minimum requirements of the plan to be carried out:
Objectives
➢ Description of the company's Health and Safety system
➢ Responsibilities
➢ Elements of the plan:
➢ Objectives and goals for improvement
➢ Legal requirements
➢ Plans for the installation of collective protections
➢ High risk work procedures
➢ Risk analysis and preventive actions
➢ Inspection and audit program
➢ Management of non-conformities
➢ Supervision and control mechanisms
➢ Training program
➢ Emergency response plan

Investigation of work accidents and occupational diseases

• A commission will be formed in charge of the investigation which will present a report that
must contain at least the data of the worker, the circumstances, the analysis of causes and the
actions corrective.
• A statistic of accidents and illnesses will be made occupational. In addition, a record of
diseases will be kept. professionals.
• The proposed security indices are: Monthly frequency index, monthly severity, cumulative
frequency, severity accumulated and accident rate.

Qualification of contractor companies

It covers the guidelines for the qualification of contractor companies when they want to award
public and private works. It is graded in three parts with a different percentage for each part:
• Site health and safety plan (40%):
- Cost of implementation of the plan which must be included in the budget of the work
-Analysis of risks of the work with identification of critical activities and work procedures
 - Training and awareness program, which must include an induction talk (minimum 60 minutes),
weekly talks (minimum 30 minutes) and start-of-day talks (10 minutes)
- Annual frequency rate for the last three years (30%)
- Certificate of good performance in health and safety issued by the
- Ministry of Labor (30%)
Among the elements of the security plan mentioned are the schedules and audits where the work is
evaluated, supervising under what acts and conditions work workers which can be standard acts or
sub standard

Work stoppage:
In the event that inspectors verify an imminent health risk and worker safety due to non-compliance
with the standard on occupational risk prevention, they have the power to order the immediate
stoppage of tasks or even of the work. In addition to this, the company must take care of the payments
or compensation in favor of the affected workers.

Penal Code section 168-A

Article incorporated by the Fourth Modifying Complementary Provision of the Law No. 29783,
published on August 20, 2011. Subsequently, the aforementioned Provision was modified by Article 2
of Law No. 30222, published on July 11, 2014, leaving this article worded as follows: "Article 168-A.
Attack on health and safety conditions at work” “Anyone who deliberately violates occupational health
and safety regulations and being legally bound, and having been previously notified by the competent
authority for not adopting the measures provided for in these and as direct consequence of said non-
observance, puts life in imminent danger, health or physical integrity of its workers, shall be punished
with a custodial sentence of liberty not less than one nor more than four years. Yes, as a result of
deliberate non-observance of safety regulations and health at work, the death of the worker or third
parties is caused or serious injury, and the agent could have foreseen this result, the custodial
sentence shall be not less than four nor more than eight years in the event of death, and not less than
three nor more than six years in case of serious injury. Criminal liability is excluded when death or
serious injury is Product of the non-observance of the safety and health regulations at work by part of
the worker.

List of security, productivity and support areas

It is interesting to be able to analyze why a worker does not count or does not use any of your basic
personal protection elements such as gloves security. It is then that the following questions come to
mind: Who is in charge of ensuring that workers use full PPE? I know did they ask for enough PPEs?
Does the warehouse have stock? Was it generated Purchase order? Do you have them and don't you
use them? Have you been trained or trained in its use? This hindsight helps us see that the simple fact
that a worker is working under a substandard act or condition implies analyzing from whom placed the
order for the PPE until purchase, warehouse arrival and verification of the use of these in work. It can
be said that the variables by which a worker is under a substandard act or condition are due to two
things: the worker does not have their safety implements because the company did not give them to
them or the worker has with his security implements and does not use them. What is proposed below
is an attempt to eliminate the variable in which the The company is responsible for its workers working
in acts or conditions substandard.
Thus, it is proposed that a good management of the analysis of restrictions from the elaboration of
the Master Plan, pull planning where obtain the first restrictions then when performing the look ahead
the finer constraints and finally look heads will be sought for the areas of support that contribute to
achieve the optimization of the works, increasing the productive jobs, minimizing contributory ones and
eliminating non-contributory ones. taxpayers, all under conditions and standard acts. The figure below
illustrates the relationship mentioned:
We will make a recount from the elaboration of the master plan where the budget for the security
area, we will continue with the pull planning where the first restrictions are identified and finally the use
of the in more detailed process planning in the look ahead stage, to fine-tune the productivity and
security constraints. It should be noted will extend to develop a maintenance look ahead for equipment
and tools, since these are important to avoid stoppages in the production flow and minimize possible
substandard conditions.

Classification of constraints
For the fulfillment of the tasks it is necessary to lift all the restrictions that the production look ahead
can present, according to the glossary of the institute of Lean Construction (LCI 2016) a constraint is:
“An element or requirement that prevent starting, advancing or finishing an activity as planned.
something I know interfere with the execution of a task. It is not a predecessor item or job anymore
shown in the look ahead but if it is something that has been shown as the new customer requirement.
For example, a contract that must be issued before start a job, an architect's approval before a design
change, etc. Restrictions must be identified in the Screening Process. selection)."
In order to obtain a classification of the restrictions, the causes of non-compliance, the Serpell
(2002) classification was used.
1. Inefficiencies in the administration: In the case of handling an inadequate number of workers.

2. Inadequate work methods Lack of equipment

- wrong methodology
- Little experience of the staff.
- Lack of communication.
3. Poor groups and activities
- Low performance.
- Poor team planning
4. Security and human resources issues
5. Inappropriate control systems.
6. Design and planning problems.
Having these causes of non-compliance, we sought to obtain a classification of the types of
restrictions which is presented below:
TIPOS DE RESTRICCIONES
CONTROLABLES NO CONTROLABLES
Materiales Diseños
Equipo Medio Ambiente
Mano de obra Proveedores
Seguridad y Salud Subcontratos
Información Otros
Actividades Predecedoras

Lookahead proposal for equipment maintenance

Maintenance plan using Total Product Manager –TPM (Source: JIMP2015) Total Productive
Maintenance (TPM) was established by the JIPM organization (Japan Institute of Plant maintenance)
based on the concept of Preventive Maintenance. The term TPM is registered as a trademark of JIPM
on which has the rights reserved. It has the following purpose:
- Zero accidents
- Zero defects
- Zero breakdowns
 - Zero losses
- Types of maintenance:
- Focused Improvements:
- Autonomous maintenance
- Progressive maintenance
- Quality maintenance
- Maintenance prevention
- Maintenance in administrative areas
- Operator skills training
- Health and security.

Identification of equipment most used on site

a. Concrete Vibrator: Work team that by vibrating achieves homogenization of the concrete. Its main
objective is to keep the occluded air within the limits provided in your dosage. It is useful for casting
slabs, plates, columns where there is a high concentration of steel.
b. Steamroller: Equipment that is highly useful for civil construction, It is responsible for compacting
granular, mixed soils and especially in soils cohesive Useful for trenches for cables and water pipes,
for fixing dikes, for sub-base compaction.
c. Grinder: These are portable electric machines used for grinding, polishing, cutting work on masonry
or metal.
d. Drill: It is the tool that will allow us to make holes thanks to the rotational movement acquired by the
bit held in its head. and. Tower Crane: It is an equipment used to lift loads by means of a hook
suspended from a cable that moves by means of a suspended trolley along of a pen Its installation is
temporary and supports large loads to be lifted.
The frequency of periodic preventive maintenance (PMr-P) for equipment mentioned will be the
following:

maintenance

MPr-D MPr-S MPr-Q MPr-P1 MPr-P2 MPr-P3 MPr-P4 MPr-P5

equipment

vibrator X X

Apisonadoras X X X X X

Grinder X X

Drill X X
tower crane X X

Periodic preventive maintenance frequency. Own elaboration

The nomenclature used is:

- MPr-D: Mtto. Daily

- MPr-S: Mtto. Weekly
- MPr-Q: Mtto. Biweekly
- MPr-P1: Mtto. each month
- MPr-P2: Mtto. every 2 months
- MPr-P3: Mtto. every 3 months
- MPr-P4: Mtto. every 4 months
 - MPr-P5: Mtto. every 5 months

EVALUATION OF A PERUVIAN COMPANY

IN THE USE OF THE SYSTEM
LAST PLANNER THROUGH THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Tools
a. surveys
In order to know the degree of organization of each project, the importance assigned to weekly
meetings, use of the Last Planner system and knowledge about the general level of activity and about
the acts and standard and substandard conditions. It is recommended to use surveys taken from the
residents of the construction site, the production area and the support areas.

b. Photographic record and videos

Photographic records and videos were made of the works under study. The duration of the recordings
were approximately one hour.

company analysis

Organizational status of the company

a. General characteristics of the works analyzed

The general characteristics of both works are presented below:

Table General characteristics of the works under study

CONSTRUCTION Kind of NRO Nro. Dptos. area CONDITION

SITE structure . Floors approx. by
department

15 190 63.90
Project Framed 𝑚𝑚2 Helmet

San Miguel Mixed structural

brickwork

20 214 57.5 𝑚𝑚2

Angamos Framed Helmet

Project Mixed structural

brickwork
A total of 12 surveys were carried out on: two construction residents, two field managers, two heads of
technical office, two administrators, two storekeepers, two heads of prevention and two of quality. All
the surveys can be seen in Annex 2. A The results are presented globally below.

Statistical correlation of fatal, serious and minor

accidents with the types
of jobs according to the new definition
According to the safety plan, a record must be kept of all accidents that have occurred. Under
construction (minor, serious and fatal). If this data is related together with the percentages obtained
with the integration methodology, then it is possible to obtain a matrix of correlation which tells us in
units of time, the number of minutes, hours, days and weeks in which workers globally or individually
spend executing productive, contributory, non-contributory work under standard or substandard
conditions or acts standard. To exemplify the aforementioned, the accident record of a company will
be used in the year 2014 presented in the paper by Brioso (2015).

Mortal, serious and minor accidents 2014

TOTAL
YEAR TOTAL TOTAL MINOR SEIOUS MORTAL
WORKFORCE ACCIDENTS
2014 4.497,000 824 811 12 1

Total hours worked: 8,457,354 HH

Total minutes worked: 507,441,240 minutes.

Daily: 8 hours a day

Working days: 236 days

The statistical relationship of the types of works under standard and sub-acts and conditions standard
with minor, serious and serious accidents are shown in the following boards.

a. Global:
Matrix correlation of types of work and fatal, serious and minor accidents Global

Nro. Classification Percentage minutes hours days weeks

1 TP-AE-CE 17% 84,365,538.18 1,406,092.30 175,761.54 25,108.79

2 TP-AE-CS 0% 1,185,610.37 19,760.17 2,470.02 352.86
3 TP-AE-CE 18% 90,019,027.65 1,500,317.13 187,539.64 26,791.38
4 TP-AE-CS 0% 1,335,371.68 22,256.19 2,782.02 397.43
5 TP-AE-CE 24% 124,264,447.29 9 2,071,074.12 258,884.27 36,983.47
6 TP-AE-CS 0% 2,371,220.75 39,520.35 4,940.04 705.72
7 TP-AE-CE 15% 74,294,090.06 1,238,234.83 154,779.35 22,111.34
8 TP-AE-CS 0% 1,185,610.37 19,760.17 2,470.02 352.86
9 TNC-AE-CE 10% 52,790,861.91 879,847.70 109,980.96 15,711.57
10 TNC-AE-CS 1% 6,676,858.42 111,280.97 13,910.12 1,987.16
 11 TNC-AE-CE 14% 68,952,603.32 1,149,210.06 143,651.26 20,521.61
12 TNC-AE-CS 0% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 100% 507,441,240.00 8,457,354.00 1,057,169.25 151,024.18

These results are global for the 4,497 workers during the 236 working days. It can be seen that during
this time 26,791 weeks of work elapsed productive under sub-standard acts and standard conditions
(TP-AS-CE)

Example of use of the Balance Chart using the

methodology of on-site integration
In the work methodology, the tool of the General Level of Activity was used, without However, the
Balance Card could also be used. In case of using the Balance Chart, should consider that for each
substandard act or condition, the worker should be reprimanded, reinduced and forced to correct the
substandard act or condition of immediately, which would lead to the production of non-contributory
work time that It should be reflected in the balance sheet.

For example, suppose a solid slab casting is divided into 4 sectors, of which they will empty 2
sectors in one day and 2 the next day. A crew is appointed in each sector of two operators and three
assistants, the emptying should last approximately 40 min. To the At the time of collecting the
information on the types of work under safety criteria, notice that Worker 1 is not wearing safety gloves
at the time of regulate (see box No. 20). Immediately he must be called to attention and compelled to
put on safety gloves. For this case it is supposed to take about 10 minutes while they admonish him,
re-induce and put on the gloves, meanwhile the emptying continues, to continue with production an
extra worker is placed (bringing him from another crew) to support Worker 2 and they can finish the
emptying in the hour stipulated.

The work of the extra worker who enters to cover the work of Worker 1 will be considered as Non-
Contributory because it generates losses in other tasks
balance sheet
The percentage of non-contributory jobs would rise because the time it takes for the worker to correct
his condition or substandard act would be considered as a time dead, speaking in purely productive
terms.

The approach is left so that future research can carry out the balance sheet with the
considerations of this thesis. However, it is expected that this method it will have more barriers or
resistance to being executed due to economic factors.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this last chapter the conclusions obtained after the development of the thesis where the
achievements of the objectives, the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis and the most relevant
points studied, which are presented below. continuation:

It was possible to make a brief review of the Last Planner System where its tools and the use of
each. In addition, a proposal for the implementation of the use of collaborative planning from the Pull
planning stage where identified the first production and safety constraints. Emphasis was placed on
the use of collaborative planning in the development stage of the Lookahead (Item 3.2.3) where
encourages the involvement of the support areas with the production area. It should be noted that it
studied this stage because in most works there is a tendency to give greater importance to the
production area, leaving aside the support areas, which as well its name says it, they serve to support
the progress of the work. The planner must take into He realizes that it is important that all his areas
are involved with the project. The restrictions that the planner has for the progress of the work can not
only be delegated but there must be a dialogue where each support area, contractors and foremen
can formally commit to lifting each restriction or give reasons why which could not and in turn give their
own restrictions.

That is why the importance of the use of collaborative planning where two on-site meetings to take
a schedule (Lookahead) for granted and have a good analysis of constraints. In the development of
this work it was possible to demonstrate that a constraint is usually lifted by one or more support areas
for it to be used a correct methodology for its analysis. The 3.5 format is proposed for classify the
restriction according to the type that corresponds to it (material, equipment, labor, etc.) and in turn
designate the areas responsible for lifting the restriction.

Regarding the look ahead of the support areas, it was concluded that they are important for have
positive results and make the construction process a more efficient operation. synergistic. With
support from the publications of Yoza (2011) and Rosas, Ríos, Carrera (2011) It can be said that with
the elaboration of these programs the following is achieved:

-Gives an overview of the progress of the work from all perspectives, getting to know the needs of the
same and allow the resident to monitor the progress in each area.

- Identifies everyone involved and tangibly commits the contribution of each area to carry out the
scheduled It is worth mentioning that the look heads of the support areas derive from the look ahead
of production so that everyone can have the same approach and coordination of dates. The
elaboration and presentation of these look ahead will allow the production engineer perform a better
schedule considering the constraints of your entire team and the view of each of them.

On the other hand, it is very important to mention that the maintenance look ahead of equipment
and tools is vital in order not to stop production due to lack of operability or absence of these.
Likewise, to avoid sub-standard conditions that may trigger accidents caused by poor maintenance.

In the analysis carried out on the works, it was possible to observe the organizational state of each
one and the use of the Last Planner System. It can be concluded that regarding the organizational
state they have complete support areas (four areas in total are sufficient according to Villa
Garcia,2011). Of which they consider, according to degree of importance, the area of Security in
third place and first place to Technical Office. This may be correlated with the security indicators found
such as having 46% of sub-standard acts. By the importance of constantly monitoring both productivity
and security.

Regarding the use of the Last Planner system, it was noted that they only apply the look ahead
leaving aside the rest of the tools of the Last Planner System, which causes a deficiency in terms of
the true implementation of the system and based on this problem, the importance of this research is
seen, since it makes a brief review of the LPS and also evidence how not only the use of the look
ahead is enough to affirm that the Lean construction philosophy is used. As mentioned in most of
cases the substandard acts found were due to the lack of use of gloves and safety glasses. If it were
for the reason that the company did not comply with having the EPPs necessary, then it would be
shown that some of the responsible support areas were not he did his part to get the PPEs on time.
Therefore, the importance of analyzing restrictions and look ahead of support areas.

Metodología de integración
Regarding the integration methodology (Brioso 2015) it allows us to have an approach of the types of
works of the general level of activity together with the acts and standard and substandard conditions.

The present work managed to make a list with the classification of the types of work (Productive,
Contributory, Non-Contributory), this classification makes it possible for results obtained are
comparable with other investigations.

According to what was found in the field survey, it was obtained that the general level of activity
without considering safety had 35% of productive work (TP) and for contributory jobs (TC) 39%,
however when the factor of security these percentages varied to 17% and 25% respectively.

When presenting this percentage variation, it is highlighted that a productive or contributory job
does not can be considered as such if it does not comply with safety standards, so both when
percentages of the general level of activity are found, it is important to be Insurance that meets safety
standards.

According to the security plan, audits and inspections must be carried out throughout the project
as well as having statistics on occupational accidents and illnesses.

It is recommended that internal audits can be carried out every three months, together with the
duration of the pull planning, since it is approximately at that time that the of phases (train of activities)
and therefore it would be a good moment to evaluate the productivity and security.

It is emphasized that there is no valid productivity if it is not accompanied by security, both terms
are important to manage and enforce for the success of a work.

Finally, we can conclude that it is essential that the companies that are using the Last Planner
system verify that the complete system is actually being used and not only the look ahead Plan, it is
also encouraged that they can apply the planning collaborative in order to increase their productivity
and in turn obtain a good climate because everyone would know the project, the needs and schedules
of all the areas.

Likewise, it is emphasized that safety is everyone's task and that productivity must go necessarily
accompanied by this

recommendations
- It is recommended that in order to obtain the new classification of productive jobs and insurance is
done through filming because it is more practical to film in the field and process the data in cabinet. It
is proposed that each measurement be by approximately one hour and all members of the group must
be considered construction site.
- If balance charts were made, they should consider the time it takes to worker out of a substandard
act or condition. Includes warnings and re induction.

- It is recommended to keep the database of accidents that have occurred in works in order to obtain
the statistical correlation and fatal, serious, minors with the types of work according to the new
classification.

-It is seen as convenient that in the induction and safety talks it is necessary to Mention the rights and
duties of all workers and employees under the Norm and Law that govern in our country, it is important
to create awareness in all those involved.

- Regarding the implementation of collaborative planning (In Process Planning) this must be done from
the master plan where the schedule and budget are elaborated with the interested people and those
who take decisions on the project. Likewise, in the phase plan (pull planning) it is necessary to
manage this collaborative planning technique to obtain work trains well crafted. Regarding the look
ahead stage, it is recommended that it be executed the production meeting and the project meeting
within one day. It is It is extremely important that each area attends with its own programming in order
to that it can graphically show the restrictions that it is going to lift, those that cannot be fulfilled and
point out those of your area.

- The implementation of the methodology proposed in this work (Collaborative planning and integration
methodology) require commitment by the entire team, it is recommended that the Resident be the
person who drives, be constant and consistent so that your team can adapt to the changes.

- Future research is encouraged to continue accompanying the achievement of excellence in

production of the hand safely, because not only the progress of work and optimize it but also must
continue to protect and improve the working conditions of the most important factor in any company:
the human

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