Faculty of Science, Health and Education Masters Dissertations

These Guidance Notes relate to the following four Masters Programmes1: MA Professional Development MA Health and Wellbeing MSc Infection Control MSc Medical Device De-contamination

Student Handbook 2010 - 2011

Faculty Post Graduate Examination Board June 20, 2011 Final Submission Date Friday May 20, 2011

The MSc Chartered Teacher is not included as that operates under the University of Strathclyde Dissertation regulations, though the general advice contained within this handbook will also be useful to CT Dissertation candidates.
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Contents

The Nature of the Dissertation The Dissertation Learning Outcomes General Assessment Criteria Supervisor Roles Student-Supervisor Relations Ethical Approval The Scope of your Dissertation Essential Parts of the Dissertation Presentation of the Dissertation Anonymity and Confidentiality Submission of the Dissertation Assessment APPENDIX 1 Example Dissertation Feedback sheet APPENDIX 2 Declaration of Originality Form Reading Lists

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The Nature of the Dissertation

All the dissertations within the Science, Health & Education Faculty at Masters level contain the report of a research exercise. A research exercise is defined as an interaction between ideas and practice in a field relevant to current academic practice in the specific discipline. The ideas (the theoretical framework) must relate to a specific research theme within the Masters programme. The practice may take the form of analysis of naturally occurring events or of empirical data from research activity, or the scrutiny of primary and secondary sources such as transcripts, journals, books, official reports and registers. The interaction must involve thinking at a high conceptual level. You must show yourself capable of interpreting data in the light of theory and of subjecting theory to test with appropriate evidence. A great variety of enterprises can therefore be accepted as legitimate research exercises for the dissertation. For example this can include: An experiment of classic design A survey by questionnaire Interviews A study by ethnographic or participant observation A case study A review of policy Discourse analysis of official reports Very careful thought has to be given to the scope of your research activity. You must bear in mind that you are not being asked to conduct a major research project over several years; you are not embarking on the research for a PhD or an M.Litt. Within the Faculty of Science, Health and Education, a Masters degree dissertation is one-third of the degree requirements and is rated at 60 SM level SCOTCAT points. The quantity of your research activity is less important than the quality of your thinking. You must not put the latter in jeopardy by undertaking an exercise which is too wide in scope. Some further advice on scope is given in a later section of these notes. The dissertation must not exceed 15,000 words (excluding appendices), although you are advised to check with your supervisor for the correct word limit on the award for which you are registered. There are currently some variations according to degree validation agreements.

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The Dissertation Learning Outcomes

To be successful, you will have: 1. Identified a topic, theme, or problem for investigation, or identified a national, local or institutional initiative or policy for evaluation, and provided a rationale for its selection. 2. Identified a series of specific research questions and objectives for the proposed investigation or evaluation. 3. Formulated a research design appropriate to the problem or topic identified, which identifies the methods to be used and explains why they have been selected; highlights any potential constraints or likely problems, and sets out a feasible plan of work or timetable; 4. Negotiated the research proposal with the supervisor, employer and colleagues where appropriate. 5. Collected data in a systematic and rigorous way using the chosen research methods in appropriate and ethically sound ways. 6. Analysed and interpreted data in the light of the research questions and hypotheses identified in the rationale; and in the light of any additional research issues and questions which have emerged during the course of the investigation. 7. Critically evaluated the research design and methodology employed. 8. Produced an abstract, a bibliography and a dissertation on the investigation. 9. Identified potential and/or actual applications of the research findings (and potential constraints on effective application); 10. Produced a feasible dissemination plan.

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General Assessment Criteria

When assessing the dissertation therefore, an examiner will look for evidence of these criteria and ask the following sorts of questions: 1. Is the quality of argument of a high standard? 2. Is the presentation lucid, readable and free from formal defects? 3. Is the material relevant to your academic practice and to academic practice more generally? 4. If there are errors or lapses, are they central or peripheral to the work? 5. Is the global impression one of intelligent and informed handling of the chosen subject by means of techniques appropriate to it? The feedback sheet in Appendix 1 shows a formal example of the criteria that will be used for marking the work. These are based on the points above. Specific Assessment Criteria for the MSc Infection Control and MSc Medical Decontamination 1. The appropriateness of the research paradigm and methods adopted for the project. 2. The clarity with which the rationale for the project is explained. 3. The correct use of the methodology selected. 4. The relevance and currency of the sources consulted. 5. The competence with which any data and literature is analysed and interpreted. 6. The clarity with which the findings are reported and the extent to which the weighting given to specific findings reflects (a) data and (b) their relevance to the research problem(s) identified in the proposal for the investigation. 7. The extent to which the investigation and the dissertation demonstrates: conceptual and methodological understanding breadth and depth of reading integration of the knowledge and skills learned on the course as a whole respect for professional values and an appropriate code of research ethics 8. The appropriateness, relevance and insightfulness of the conclusions and the discussion of the professional implications (at the level of the individual, organisational and/or profession). 9. The insights demonstrated in the critical evaluation of the research design and methodology employed. 10. The relevance, feasibility and appropriateness of the dissemination plan.

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11. The clarity and appropriateness of the writing style and the use of appropriate formats (e.g. for footnotes, page numbering, line spacing, referencing, appendices, etc.)

Supervisor Roles
There will normally be two supervisors for each dissertation candidate. Once a supervisor has been allocated you should contact him/her as soon as possible. What you can expect from your 1st supervisor The first supervisors main role is an academic supervisor in that they support you in achieving your goals i.e. constructing your dissertation proposal / firming up your ideas / defining a manageable focus and research questions for your topic / assisting you to decide on appropriate methods and techniques / guiding you on an appropriate structure for your dissertation and by providing constructive comment on the content, presentation and quality of selected draft chapters. They will make sure you are aware of the manner in which to undertake your dissertation, assist with ethics committee applications, undertake any reporting requirements that will need to be, ensure you understand the marking criteria, assist with resources and the finding of these if necessary and take part in regular communications between yourself, the dissertation module tutor and programme leader as and when appropriate. The first supervisor's role may also include ensuring adequate cover is put in place if your first supervisor leaves, is on sabbatical or becomes ill. What you can expect from your 2nd supervisor The second supervisor's main role is to support the first supervisor by being an expert in the field of study in which you are undertaking your dissertation. In some cases, your second supervisor will be actively involved in your supervision e.g. assist in particular academic aspects of your work, in a similar manner to your first supervisor. In other cases, there may not be the same degree of day-to-day involvement.

Student-Supervisor Relations
In the first instance it is the responsibility of your Dissertation tutor, after discussion with you, to agree the second supervisor of the dissertation. Thereafter, the responsibility rests with you to contact your supervisors and agree appropriate support. As a rough guideline, you could expect to contact approximately 1 hour per fortnight, though this will vary considerably according to the stage you are at in your work.

Should you become dissatisfied with either supervisor for any reason and cannot resolve the matter directly with him or her, please contact your Dissertation Tutor in the first instance, or if your supervisor is also your tutor, then contact your Masters programme leader. If there are still matters
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unresolved you should contact the Dean of the Faculty of Science, Health and Education, Ian Leslie. It is also a good idea to consult Masters Dissertations previously submitted to the Faculty. In the first instance please contact the Programme Leader. UHI is also in the throes of considering archive arrangements for all submitted Masters Dissertations.

Ethical Approval
All dissertations must receive ethical approval from UHI Ethics Committee and you are strongly encouraged to read the document Research Ethics Framework: Ethical Approval: Policy, Principles and Processes (ed August 2010) in the first instance. Following from the reading of this document you will be required to complete the forms REC-1 Student and REC1-D Student. It is your responsibility, with the support of your supervisor, to gain such approval. Additional help can be requested from Karen Furness UHI Research Ethics Officer and she can be contacted at karen.furness@uhi.ac.uk on 01463 279349. All the UHI forms that need to be completed can be found through the UHI website at http://www.uhi.ac.uk/home/research/research-ethics In addition, if you are in any way considering the recruitment of staff or patients through the NHS then you will have to complete at the same time as completing the UHI approval process the ethics approval process through Integrated Research Application System (IRAS) which is a collaborative initiative supported by the NHS and others. In order to do this you must apply through the website http://www.myresearchproject.org.uk

The Scope of your Dissertation

As dissertations can vary widely in type, it is difficult to give specific guidance. The following should be read as illustrative rather than prescriptive. Whenever you are in doubt, you should consult your supervisor(s). Literature review and references You are required to carry out a comprehensive review of the literature potentially relevant to your chosen topic. You will need to demonstrate your own awareness of important and seminal work closely related to your own. The central purpose of referring to other work is to allow you to locate your study in an appropriate theoretical context. It is useful to remember that your references may be to substantive material (i.e. theoretical or research texts and articles dealing with the content of your research) and to the policy context of your work (i.e. official documents defining national, local or institutional policy) and to the methodological literature (i.e. works that are
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helpful both in deciding and defending your research approach, and in criticising it). Obviously we cannot prescribe how long your list of references should be. Remember that you are not expected to provide an over-extended list, given what we have already said about the nature of the dissertation. There is no need to include a separate bibliography in which you list those books which you claim have influenced your thinking, but which were not sufficiently important for you to refer to directly. It is very possible that you will wish to refer to previous work that you have written in earlier parts of your Masters programme. You may draw on and build on this work but must do so in such a way that does not involve selfplagiarism. You need to treat your previous work as you would any other text. For example, you might need to summarise key points or quote from it. In which case, you would adopt the usual referencing conventions to refer to it. Surveys If your research exercise involves a survey by questionnaire it should be planned so that (a) your questionnaire is piloted, (b) you ensure a reasonable response rate and (c) you end up having to analyse not more than, say, twenty-five or thirty completed questionnaires. Interviews If your research involves what you claim are lengthy, in-depth interviews then you should normally conduct no more than a limited number of such interviews. If the interviews are short or highly structured, you should do proportionately more. Interviews should normally be fully transcribed so that the examiners can judge the quality of your data analysis. The time to transcribe and analyse interviews should not be under-estimated. Observational studies Whatever type of observation you plan to do, try to ensure a dry run so that you become thoroughly familiar with the technique and any schedule involved. A dry-run and a limited number of observation sessions of, say, an hour each would be an acceptable amount of activity for the dissertation. Case studies The boundaries of case studies must be defined with care. Remembering that one characteristic of case study research is its deployment of a diversity of research methods, it is likely that a multi-site case study will be beyond the bounds of what is reasonable for the dissertation. Other types of study Research exercises using historical and philosophical methods and discourse analysis should be similarly limited in scope. For example, in a historical study the period to be studied should be a short one and the research questions should be very precisely formulated.

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Essential Parts of the Dissertation

1. An effective structure for the main body of the text should be worked out with your supervisor. Whatever particular structure is adopted, the main text should normally cover: the purposes of your work, aims and research questions your rationale for the research questions, including where relevant their significance to you and your work context a literature review the context of the study what you did your research findings and claims a discussion of important conclusions and issues

2. It is essential that you review the experience of doing the research exercise. There must be a section within your dissertation in which you reflect critically on what you did and how. With the benefit of hindsight, what might you have done differently that might have been more effective? This section can also cover your views of what further research is needed. 3. It is important that you reflect critically on the impact that this research has on your own practice. What is the significance of this research for you? How has this work contributed to your own development? What impacts will this work have upon your future professional practice and the context in which you work? 4. Your dissertation must have a one-page (max) abstract. This is a very important part of your dissertation. Remember that some readers will look at your abstract and nothing else. It should cover the most important points relating to aims, methods and conclusions. 5. The dissertation should conclude with a list of references. You should adopt the Harvard convention for referencing and ensure that this convention is applied consistently. A separate Guide to Referencing can be found at: http://www.uhi.ac.uk/home/libraries/how-to/how-to 6. It is not strictly necessary to have an appendix (or appendices). In other words, it is perfectly possible for a dissertation to be satisfactory without one. You may, however, find this a useful inclusion, but it must be possible to read the dissertation without referring to material in the appendix. Nothing should be put in an appendix which is necessary to understanding of the main text. Appropriate material for an appendix includes, for example, raw figures and detailed tables, a copy of a questionnaire (in the form originally used), transcripts of interviews, a copy of a crucial policy statement, and so on. Bulky appendix material may be submitted separately and unbound.

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7. The first four pages of your dissertation should be as follows:Title page Title in full (14 pitch, upper-case, bold) Name in full Dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of (complete as appropriate) UHI Millennium Institute Date Acknowledgements Please make sure that all who have helped you are mentioned. (People outside the University should also be thanked by letter and told something of the findings of your research). Abstract As described above. Table of Contents This should show the title of each chapter and sub-sections within chapters, together with page numbers. The list of references and appendix should be included and page-referenced.

Presentation of the Dissertation

The dissertation must be printed on A4 paper. The single-sided text should be Arial or equivalent lower-case, 12 pitch, 1.5 spacing with chapter headings in upper-case 14 pitch, bold. Other headings should be 12 pitch, either uppercase or lower-case, bold as appropriate. As a general rule, avoid underlining. The following layout is recommended: 3.5 cm left-hand (binding) margin, justified 2.0 cm head margin 2.5 cm fore-edge (right-hand) margin, justified 3.5 cm tail margin Tables and figures within the main text should normally be summaries of essential information. A table should contain numerical (symbolic) material A figure should contain graphical (iconic) material All tables and figures must include an informative title and be suitably numbered. Conventionally, tables are labelled above and figures labelled below their respective information. You must proof-read your dissertation very carefully and correct formal errors of all types. Remember that this takes time. Leave at least a week free for
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reading the next-to-final version of your text and then making necessary corrections. Sometimes its helpful to have the document also proof-read by a friend or colleague.

Anonymity and Confidentiality

It is normal to agree with the subjects of your research that you will not name any individual or institution in your report, unless you have their explicit approval for so doing. You must adhere to any such agreement you have made. For a variety of reasons you may wish to restrict the readership of your dissertation after submission. The granting of confidentiality affords protection to the work of the candidate and not to the candidate him/herself. A candidate may indicate to the appropriate Masters Programme Leader that s/he wishes a dissertation to be deemed confidential. This means that the authors permission to read the dissertation is required. Confidentiality is usually granted for one year, with an absolute maximum of three years. Any application for permanent confidentially will be rejected.

Submission of the Dissertation

The first stage is to submit two unbound copies of your dissertation to your Masters Dissertation Tutor by a mutually agreed date, normally established at the commencement of the Dissertation. Please also submit one electronic version of the main body of the text to your tutor for electronic feedback using track changes. Please also provide any appendices in hard copy to support this electronic version. The dissertation is unbound initially so that you can readily make any necessary corrections required by your examiners. Such corrections should be made in consultation with your supervisor. When submitting the dissertation please also include the Declaration of Orginality form as found in Appendix 2. The two medical MSc Dissertations (MSc IC and MSc MDD ) request 3 bound copies. One each for the Academic marker, Specialist marker and External Examiner). After any required corrections are made following the examination process, you have to submit one bound copy to the UHI Masters Dissertation Archive. This has to happen before you can be accepted for graduation and before a copy of your dissertation can be placed in the Health and Education Faculty. Your dissertation must have your name and the title of the dissertation (or an abbreviated version of the title) on the front of the bound copy. On the spine of the bound copy should be your name, the degree (e.g. MSc or MA) and the year. An additional copy of the abstract should also be attached with your full name, the year and the full title of the dissertation added. The Faculty Administrator, Sharon Rankin, will record receipt of your dissertation. She will contact any student whose dissertation has not been submitted on time and, if necessary refer any unauthorised lateness to the
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Faculty Board of Studies. Any late submissions should include a separate written statement, giving reasons. Such statements will be considered at the Examiners Meeting. Costs In accordance with normal practice, the Faculty of Health and Education are unable to meet incidental costs incurred by students in the course of the research and the costs of binding. Extensions Normally the dissertation should be submitted by end May in the academic year in which you matriculate and receive supervision. Extensions of time are granted from time to time when an appropriate justification of good cause can be made for this. If you are considering an extension you must first discuss it with your supervisor and if s/he supports you, then you should submit a written request to your Masters Programme Leader. Dissertations submitted after 30th September will not be examined until the following year.

Assessment
The dissertation is reviewed by a relevant member of your Masters Programme Leader, or other relevant external, and assessed by your supervisor / tutor. There may be opportunities for your dissertation topic to be formatively developed through peer review of an oral presentation of the study outline and a summary of interim findings. For students registered for solely on-line delivery, presentations via Skype (or equivalent) may be arranged. All assessed work is also double blind marked by another academic member of your Masters programme team. (A specialist supervisor in case of MSc IC and MSc MDD.) The marking scheme for the programme is based on UHIs Taught Postgraduate Academic Standards and Quality Regulations which can be found through the UHI website by following this link:
http://www.uhi.ac.uk/home/search?SearchableText=taught+postgraduate+regulations

Feedback After the announcement of the awards you can make an appointment with your supervisor / tutor who will discuss with you feedback from the assessors. Referral and re-submission In certain circumstances the examiners may refer a thesis for re-submission in the following year. If further supervision is required, UHI may require the student to pay additional fees.

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APPENDIX 1

Example Dissertation Feedback sheet Dissertation in The dissertation will be assessed by your tutor and an internal second marker The two Medical MSc Dissertations have a specialist marker. Name of author: Assessor/reviewer:
Criteria Identification of an issue of strategic importance on the basis of critical review of literature, professional context of practice, and/or personal experience Development of appropriate researchable questions to investigate issue identified Development of a coherent, appropriate and well-justified research design to investigate these questions Adoption and implementation of an ethical approach to research Systematic analysis of research data congruent with research design and questions Critical discussion of findings that addresses research process, theory and/or practice Proportionate, valid and appropriate conclusions Critical reflection on decisions made in the research process and consideration of the research outcomes as a basis for identifying areas for potential future research Critical reflection on how the research process and the outcomes of the dissertation have impacted/will impact personally on future practice. Professional presentation and referencing according to Harvard principles How will the research be disseminated General comments Any changes required before submission of bound copy Recommended grade

Date:
Comments on achievement of criteria in dissertation

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APPENDIX 2

Faculty of Science, Health and Education

Declaration of Originality Form

This form must be completed and signed and submitted with all assignments. Please complete the information below (using BLOCK CAPITALS).

Name: Student Number: Masters Degree:

An extract from UHIs Statement on Plagiarism is attached. Please read carefully THEN read and sign the declaration below. I confirm that this assignment is my own work and that I have: Read and understood the guidance on plagiarism in UHIs Statement on Plagiarism to be found at http://www.uhi.ac.uk/home/students/policies-andregulations/plagiarism-and-dishonesty-postgraduate Clearly referenced, in both the text and the bibliography or references, all sources used in the work Fully referenced (including page numbers) and used inverted commas for all text quoted from books, journals, web etc. Provided the sources for all tables, figures, data etc. that are not my own work Not made use of the work of any other student(s) past or present without acknowledgement Not sought or used the services of any professional agencies to produce this work In addition, I understand that any false claim in respect of this work will result in disciplinary action in accordance with University regulations

DECLARATION: I am aware of and understand UHIs policy on plagiarism and I certify that this assignment is my own work, except where indicated by referencing, and that I have followed the good academic practices noted above Signed: Date:

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Recommended Texts for Health and Education Faculty Dissertation Scheme MSc Chartered Teacher MA Professional Development MA Health and Wellbeing MSc Infection Control MSc Medical Device Decontamination PL Issy Grieve PL Ann Murray PL Rachel Tearse PL Russell Stuart PL Russell Stuart

Texts marked *** are newly published and as yet not available through UHI Catalogue General Texts
Bell, J. (2005). Doing your Research Project. (4 ed). Buckingham: Open University Press. . Available as an e-book Bell, J. (2010). Doing your Research Project. (5 ed). Buckingham: Open University Press. *** Bloor, M. Frankland, J. Thomas, M. and Robson,K. (2002)Focus Groups in Social Research London: Sage Publications Clegg, F. (1983) Simple Statistics: A Course Book for the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press. Cottrell, S. (2008) The Study Skills Handbook. (3 ed). Palgrave Macmillan. Creswell J.W. (2009) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications. Cryer, P. (2006) The Research Student's Guide to Success. (3 ed). Oxford, Oxford University Press. Denscombe, M. (2003). The Good Research Guide: For Small Scale Research Projects. Buckingham: Open University Press. Available as an e-book Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide. (4th ed). Buckingham: Open University Press. *** Field A (2003). Discovering Statistics: Using SPSS for Windows. (2nd ed). London, Sage Publications. Field A (2009). Discovering Statistics: Using SPSS for Windows. (3rd ed). London, Sage Publications. *** Gillham, B. (2000) Developing a Questionnaire. London, Continuum Books. Gillham, B. (2009) Developing a Questionnaire. (2 ed). London, Continuum Books. *** Gillham, B. (2000) Case Study Research Methods. London, Continuum Books. Gillham, B. (2000) The Research Interview. London, Continuum Books Gomm, R. Hammersley, M. Foster, P. (2000) Case Study Method. London, Sage Publications.
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Greenfield, T., (2002) Research Methods for Postgraduates. (2 ed). London, Arnold. Hart, C. (1998) Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Imagination. Sage Publications. Kvale, S. 1996. Interviews. London: Sage Publications. Mason, J. 2002. Qualitative Researching. London: Sage Publications. Maxwell, J. A. 2004. Qualitative Research Design. London: Sage Publications. Oppenheim, A. N. (2000) Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd. Pallant, J. (2001) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using the SPSS Program (Version 10) . Open University Press. Pallant, J. (2004) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using the SPSS Program (Version 12). Open University Press. Pallant, J. (2010) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using the th SPSS Program. (4 ed). Open University Press. *** Patton, M. Q. 2002. Qualitative Research & Evaluations Methods. London: Sage Publications. Punch, K. 2006 Developing Effective Research Proposals London: Sage Publications. Phillips, E. Pugh, D. (2005) How to Get a PhD: A Handbook for Student and their Supervisors. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Available as an e-book Preece, R (2000) Starting Researc: An Introduction to Academic Research and Dissertation Writing. Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd.

nd

MA Health & Wellbeing / MSc Infection Control & MSc Medical Device Decontamination
Aveyard, H. (2007) Doing a Literature Review in Health and Social Care: A Practical Guide. Berkshire, Open University Press. Available as an e-book Aveyard, H. (2010) Doing a Literature Review in Health and Social Care: A Practical Guide. nd (2 ed). Berkshire, Open University Press. Bowlin A. & Ebrahim S. (2005) Handbook of Health Research Methods: Investigation, Measurement & Analysis. Berkshire, Open University Press. Gomm, R. & Davies, C. (2000) Using Evidence in Health and Social Care. London, Sage Publications. Gomm, R. Needham, G. & Bullman, A. (2000) Evaluating Research in Health and Social Care. London, Sage Publications. Greenhalgh, T. (2006) How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence Based Medicine. (3 ed) Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Available as an e-book Neale, J. (2009) Research Methods for Health and Social Care. Palgrave, Macmillan.
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Polgar, S. & Thomas, S.A. (2008) Introduction to Research in the Health Sciences. London. Churchill Livingstone. Robson, C. (2002) Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and PractitionerResearchers. Oxford, Blackwells.

MSc Chartered Teacher & MA Professional Development Texts

Bryman, A. (2001). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods. (3 ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press. *** Cohen, L. Manion, L. Morrison K. (2007) Research Methods in Education. (5 ed). London, Routledge. Available as an e-book Gorard, S. (2003) Quantitative Methods in Social Science. London, Continuum Books. Scott, D. (2000) Reading Educational Research and Policy. London, Routledge Farmer. Available as an e-book
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