Application of grammar-based codes for lossless compression of digital mammograms

J. Electron. Imaging 15, 013021 (Feb 24, 2006); doi:10.1117/1.2178792

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Add to Facebook Abstract References (12) Xiaoli Li, Sridhar Krishnan, and Ngok-Wah Ma Ryerson University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada A newly developed grammar-based lossless source coding theory and its implementation was proposed in 1999 and 2000, respectively, by Yang and Kieffer. The code first transforms the original data sequence into an irreducible context-free grammar, which is then compressed using arithmetic coding. In the study of grammar-based coding for mammography applications, we encountered two issues: processing time and limited number of single-character grammar G variables. For the first issue, we discover a feature that can simplify the matching subsequence search in the irreducible grammar transform process. Using this discovery, an extended grammar code technique is proposed and the processing time of the grammar code can be significantly reduced. For the second issue, we propose to use double-character symbols to increase the number of grammar variables. Under the condition that all the G variables have the same probability of being used, our analysis shows that the double- and single-character approaches have the same compression rates. By using the methods proposed, we show that the grammar code can outperform three other schemes: Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW), arithmetic, and Huffman on compression ratio, and has similar error tolerance capabilities as LZW coding under similar circumstances. 2006 SPIE and IS&T History Received Nov 05, 2004 Accepted Sep 27, 2005 Revised Sep 13, 2005 Published online Feb 24, 2006 Permalink http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2178792 Citation Xiaoli Li, Sridhar Krishnan and Ngok-Wah Ma, "Application of grammar-based codes for lossless compression of digital mammograms", J. Electron. Imaging 15, 013021 (Feb 24, 2006); doi:10.1117/1.2178792

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords mammography, medical image processing, diagnostic radiography, image coding, data compression, image matching, image sequences, transform coding, cancer PACS

87.59.EMammography 87.57.-s Medical imaging 84.40.Ua Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing; communication satellites 87.19.XDiseases

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