Pub Corp (June 13, 2011) Local Government Is a political subdivision Of a nation or state Which is constituted by law And

And has substantial control of local affairs Local Government Unit A body politic and corporate Endowed with powers As a political subdivision Of the National Government And as a corporate entity Representing the inhabitants of its territory Composed of the: o Provinces o cities o Municipalities o Barangays Development of LGs in the Phils. Spanish occupation Unit of local Administration- pueblo Area of many square miles within a pueblo/villages- barrios Barngay o Chief- Cabeza de Barangay Principal duties: Act as agents for collection of taxes Become mebers of the principalia The voting and privileged class Originally hereditary Became generally elective Towns o Gobernadorcillo Native official- (little governor)- Capitan- head Representative of the provincial governor Arbiter of local questions except those assuming serios legal aspect Collection of taxes Assists the Parish priest Entertains all visiting officials o Assistants of Gobernadorcillo: Tenientes (deputies) Algueiles ( subordinate employees) Chiefs of police Elections for municipal offices o Held annually By outgoing gobernadorcillo & 12 Cabezas Chosen by lot Presided by: provincial governor With presence of Parish Priest o Office of Gobernadorcillo 3 candidates nominated by plurality vote sent to Gov. Gen Gov. Gen selects one for the position o Other municipal offices o Chosen directly by the convention 1983 o Maura Law was promulgated Applied to towns Luzon Visayan Islands

More than one thousand cedulas were paid o 5 municipal council, captain, 4 lieutenants governs the municipality admin of public works taxation with special qualifications term: 4years elected by 12 delegates of the principalia composed of all person who had certain positions or paid land tax of 50php disciplinary jurisdiction: Governor General supervised by: provincial council o Exeption: City of Manila Founded by Legazpi 1521 very loyal and noble city has o ususal Spanish officials o 2 alcaldes (mayor) o regidores (councilors) Iloilo Cebu American Occupation General Order No. 43 o 1899 o first provided the government of municipalities General Order no 40 (1900) o Promulgated by the military governor o Chief Justce Cayetano Arellano- head of the board President McKinleys Inst. to the Second Phil. Commission o April 7, 1900 o Urged the body to the first instance of the establishment of municipal corporations Natives opportunity to manage their own local affairs Subject to the least degree of supervision & control Showing maintenance of Law Order Loyalty o Act. No. 82 Jan. 21, 1901 Provides for the organization and government of municipalities o Act No. 83 February 5, 1901 Organization of provinces Embodied in the Administrative Code of 1916 Chap 56 57 64 67 Administrative code of 1917 Assesment Law 1935 Constitution o no specific article on Local autonomy o limited presidents power general supervision.. as may be provided by law Legislative enactments based on the constitution

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Local Autonomy of 1959 Barrio Charer of 1959 Decentralization Act of 1967

Importance of Policy Section 1. for the clarification of ambiguous provisions of the statute a. but not to create ambiguity 2. not part of the substantive portion of the statute Decentralization process by which LGU are given more o power o authorities o responsibilities o resources by the national government

1973 Constitution Incorporated a state policy: o To guarantee and promote Local aoutonomy of LGUs Entire article on Local Government Local Government Code o Defining more responsive and accountable local government structure o Creation, merger, abolition of substantial boundary alteration Must be in accordance with LG Code Approval by plebiscite o Power to create sources of revenue o Levy taxes Locl Tax Code Real Property Tax Code Local Government Code of 1983 Problems that hampered Local Governments o Inadequate tax base o Lack of fiscal control over external sources of income o Limited authority to prioritize and approve dev. Projects o Heavy dependence on external sources of income o Limited supervisory control over personnel of national line agencies 1987 Constitution

devolution of national administration mode of removal of a public officer by the people before the end of his term in office peoples prerogative to remove a public officer as sovereign

Recall

Initiative electoral process whereby designated percentages of the electorate may initiate o legislative o constitutional changes through the filing of formal petitions to be acted by o the legislative o or total electorate Referendum process of referring to the electorate for approval a proposed new state o constitution o amendment o or of a law passed by the legislature

Adopted consti guarantee o Local autonomy o Delegation of taxing authority Limited presidents power over local governments and autonomous regions to General Supervision Added: o Directive to congress to enact a new LG Code Organic acts for ARMM and the Cordilleras o Entitled of LG to just shares in ntational taxes Automatically released to them o Entitlement of LGs to an equitable share in the proceeds of the utilization and devt of the national wealth w/in their respective areas

OR a legal process whereby the registered voters of the LGUs may o approve o amend o reject any ordinance enacted by the sanggunian

Local Government Code of 1991 Most revolutionary piece of legislation on Local autonomy Effectively dealt with fiscal constraints Widened tax base of LGUs o Imposition of taxes on forest products o Forest concessionaries o Mineral products o Mining opertions Provided flexibility to impose tax rates in accordance to their needs and capabilities Did not prescribe graduated fixed rates Specified the minimum and maximum rates Left the determination to the sanggunian Creation of regions in muslim Mindanao and the cordilleras o Granted political autonomy not merely administrative autonomy Patterned after the US- rules shall be applicable Effectivity of Code: Jan , 1992

Autonomy 1. Decentralization of administration o When central gov delegates administrative powers to political subdivisions To broaden the base of government power To make LGs more accountable and responsive And to ensure their fullest devt as a selfreliant communities To make them more effective partners in the pursuit of national development o Relieves the central govt of the burden of managing local affairs Enables it to concentrate on national affairs o President- General supervision To ensure that local affairs are administered accdg to law No control over their acts Cannot substitute them over his own 2. Decentralization of power

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Involves an abdication of political power in favor of te government units declared to be autonomous. free to chart its own destiny amounts to self-immolation (sacrifice) becomes accountable not to the central govt but its constituency

Local Autonomy 1. Administrative 2. Fiscal a. Local governments have the power to

i. ii.

create their own resources of revenue in addition to 1. Equitable share in the national taxes

b.

Power to allocate their resources in accordance with their own priorities Extends to the preparation of budgets