Climbing Plants of A Fragmented Area of Lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil)

Phytotaxa 8: 124
(2010)
www.mapress.com / phytotaxa /
Copyright 2010
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
Article
Magnolia Press
PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu,

Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil)
DIOGO ARAJO1 & MARCCUS ALVES2
1
Programa de Ps-Graduao em Biologia Vegetal, Dept. Botnica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CEP: 50670-901, Recife,
Pernambuco, Brazil; e-mail: diogoambientais@yahoo.com.br
2
Dept. Botnica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CEP: 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Abstract
This study was undertaken in fragments of lowland Atlantic Forest surrounded by sugar cane plantations in Igarassu,
Pernambuco, Brazil. Amongst the 93 species recorded for the locality, 30 species have a climbing habit. Passiflora is
among the most species-rich genera which is novel in a floristic study. Morphological characters such as the presence
and position of a tendril, limb form and flower symmetry are the most important for species identification. Here we
present a species checklist for the locality, annotated with distribution data. An illustrated key to the climbing species
found in Igarassu is also provided.
Key words: checklist, floristics, lianas, Passifloraceae
Introduction
Climbing plants are defined as plants incapable of autonomous vertical support once they reach a certain
height (ca. 1 m tall) and depend on other plants for support in their natural environment (Gentry 1991). Lianas
are defined as woody climbing plants (Putz 1984, Gerwing et al. 2006). Twining habit is a very common
amongst climbing plants; this consists of the stems twisting around the branches or stems of a host with or
without the aid of specialized structures such as tendrils (Darwin 1867, Gentry 1985).
The climbing habit has arisen several times in the evolutionary history of Angiosperms, and this has
resulted in a great taxonomic diversity of climbing plants (Gentry 1985). Families such as Smilacaceae,
Menispermaceae, Passifloraceae, Cucurbitaceae and Convolvulaceae are essentially entirely composed of or
dominated by species with a climbing habit. According to Gentry (1991), New World families with the
highest diversity of climbing plants are Apocynaceae (esp. Asclepiadoideae), Convolvulaceae and Fabaceae.
In the Brazilian flora, 86 of the 217 native families cited by Souza & Lorenzi (2008) have at least one species
with a climbing habit.
In his discussion of the climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Acevedo-Rodrguez (2005)
identifies lowland tropical forest as including the highest number of climbing species. According to Schnitzer
& Bongers (2002) these species play an important role in vegetation dynamics, although the exact
contribution of woody climbing plants in tropical forests biomass is currently unresolved. Hegarty & Cabal
(1991) estimated that up to 40% of the total leaf area and leaf productivity in a forest may be represented by
climbers. Climbing species may also represent a significant component of the plant diversity of an area,
accounting for ca 25% of the woody plant species (Gentry & Dodson 1987). The ecological importance of
climbing plants, forming physical bridges for the fauna between individual trees in a forest was noted by
Darwin (1867) and Hegarty (1991). Some climbers also have strict ecological relationships, for example,
Heliconius butterflies and Passifloraceae species, Ithomiinae butterflies and Solanaceae species, and
Buprestidae beetles with Bignoniaceae species (Odegaard 2000).
Accepted by A. Monro: 7 Aug. 2010; published: 31 Aug. 2010
Climbing plants have often been neglected by plant collectors in the past (Gentry 1991), probably due to
poor visibility and accessibility to the canopy. More recently there has been an increase in the number of
floristic and taxonomic studies that have focused exclusively on species with a climbing habit (Solrzano et
al. 2002, Reddy & Parthasarathy 2003, Acevedo-Rodriguez 2005). In Brazil, floristic and taxonomic studies
that focus on or include climbing plants are restricted to seasonal semideciduous forest areas in the southeast
(Hora & Soares 2002, Udulutsch et al. 2004, Rezende & Ranga 2005, Tibiri et al. 2006) and to date few
studies have focused on climbing plants from the northeastern extension of the Brazilian Atlantic forests, an
area critical for conservation.
The aim of this study is to provide the first floristic inventory of climbing plants for a lowland tropical
rain forest in Brazil, as well as the first identification key to this group of plants for northeastern Brazil. It is
hoped that a consequence of filling a gap in our taxonomic knowledge about this aspect of the local flora will
encourage researchers of Neotropical forests to undertake more ecological and taxonomical studies of
climbing plants.
Methods
The study area
Igarassu is located on the northern coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The major land use for the
area is plantations of sugar cane (CPRH 2003). Igarassu is included in the Mata Atlntica Biosphere Reserve
an area of extreme biological importance (MMA 2000). Igarassu has an average annual temperature of
24.9C, with minima of 21C (May to June) and maxima of 25C (July to December). It receives an annual
precipitation of 1444 mm (recorded 1998 and 2004), with the average monthly precipitation greater than 100
mm from January through August and less than 100 mm from September through December (Silva 2004).
The terrain consists of hills with flattened tops intersected by floodplains and river terraces, slopes ranging
from flat to greater than 30% where artificial lakes are frequently located (CPRH 2003) for water catchment
and electricity production. The soil is predominantly a mixture of sandy-clay and non-consolidated sediments
(CPRH 2003).
This study was undertaken in a fragmented forest landscape of 76.7 km2 (including secondary forest),
where fragment size, shape and topography was variable (Table 1). Fragments (identified as Macacos,
Pezinho, Piedade, Santa Helena, Vespas and Zambana), are surrounded by sugarcane plantations. The area is
owned by the Usina So Jos factory (USJ), a processing plant that produces sugar and alcohol.
TABLE 1. Geographic data of the six selected forest fragments in the studied area.
Fragment
Geographic coordinates
Elevation (minmax) Total area (ha)
Piedade
74912, 75055 S 35035, 345921 W
30113 m
305,787 ha
Zambana
74129, 74309S 3508, 345838W
20115 m
387,851 ha
Macacos
74602", 74740 S 350106", 345942W
40155 m
356,926 ha
Pezinho
74727, 74801 S 350125, 350100W
50125 m
29,890 ha
Vespas
74450, 74508 S 345902, 345845W
45105 m
13,807 ha
Sta. Helena
74659, 74716S 345641, 345629W
2085 m
11,854 ha
Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press
ARAJO & ALVES
Data collection
Monthly excursions were made between February 2007 and May 2008. Each month 46 days of
fieldwork were undertaken, with at least 6 hours a day spent collecting. A total of 100 days of fieldwork were
completed. Sample points were located with the aid of a GPS that also improved the re-location of sites to
improve the sampling effort of all forest fragments. Larger forest fragments were sampled several times. The
collected specimens were deposited at UFP with duplicates at IPA, CEPEC, ULM, NY and K.
Taxonomic treatment
Plant identifications were undertaken by the authors and specialists of taxonomic groups to whom
duplicate samples were sent. Identification by the authors was based on herbarium specimens (IPA, UFP,
PEUFR, CEPEC, HUEFS and RB), using morphological characters together with the relevant literature for
each family. Duplicate specimens were sent to the following specialists, who all provided identifications in
return: Asteraceae: Rita de Cssia Pereira (IPA); Sapindaceae: Marcondes Oliveira (UFP); Euphorbiaceae:
Maria de Ftima Lucena (UFP); Fabaceae: Elizabeth Crdula (UFP), Marli PiresMorin (RB); Malpighiaceae:
Andr Amorim (CEPEC); Convolvulaceae: Maria Teresa Vital (CEPEC); Passifloraceae: Teonildes Nunes
(HUEFS). Other families were identified by the authors.
Species are assigned to families according to APG III (2009) and author names follow Brummit & Powell
(1992). Herbarium acronym s follow Index H erbariorum (http://sciw eb.nybg.org/science2/
IndexHerbariorum.asp). The order of country citation in the geographical distribution follows that of Flora
Neotropica.
Results and discussion

The number of species found in the studied area is close to that recorded for southern Brazil (Lima et al. 1997,
Udulutsch et al. 2004, Rezende & Ranga 2004, Tibiri et al. 2006). A total of 93 species of climbing plants
were collected, of which 30 are considered lianas and 63 are herbaceous climbing plants. Fabaceae,
Convolvulaceae, Passifloraceae and Cucurbitaceae were the most species-rich plant families represented.
Combined, these families represent 50% of the total climbing plant diversity sampled. The remainder is split
between 22 families.
Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Malpighiaceae and Sapindaceae were amongst the most commonly collected
climbing plant families registered in inventories in southeast Brazil (Tibiri et al. 2006, Lima et al. 1997,
Hora & Soares 2004, Udulutsch et al. 2004, Rezende & Ranga 2004). This agrees with results for inventories
undertaken in other lowland forest formations below 1000 m elevation (Gentry 1991). The results of this
inventory differ from the above study in the following respects: Fabaceae is the most diverse family with
respect to in the number of genera (nine) recorded in Igarassu. According to Gentry (1991), this family is the
third most species-rich climbing plant family in the Neotropics, especially in the subfamily Faboideae, with
15 species. The other two most diverse climbing plants families in the Neotropics, Asclepiadaceae (sensu
Cronquist 1981, now included in Apocynaceae) and Convolvulaceae are rarely dominant in Tropical Forests
(Gentry 1991). In our study we found Convolvulaceae to be amongst the most representative. The low species
richness of Apocynaceae can be explained by the preference of species in that family to shrubby, drier
vegetation types, such as caatinga and cerrado of Central Brazil.
In our study Passiflora L. (9 species; Passifloraceae) is the most diverse genus among the 55 species
found, followed by Ipomoea L. (5 species; Convolvulaceae), and Canavalia DC., Centrosema (DC.) Benth.
(Fabaceae), Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) and Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae; 3 species each). Six of
these genera belong to the families identified by Gentry (1991) as richest in the Neotropics with respect to
climbing species. Passiflora were found for the first time in a published inventory of climbing plants as the
most species-rich genus in a Neotropical forest.
Even though Gentry (1991) stated that climbing plants are an important part of the botanical diversity in
in tropical forests, recent studies have shown that climbing plants often remain poorly sampled in Brazil
CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU
(Udulutsch et al. 2004). This under recording of climbing plant diversity results in a corresponding low
number of herbarium specimens available for study and is accompanied by a corresponding paucity of
taxonomic revisions of climbing plant families in Brazil (e.g. Cucurbitaceae, Dioscoreaceae and
Menispermaceae).
The complete absence of published records of climbing plant diversity in northeastern Brazil explains the
fact that the following abundant species are identified as new species records for this region: Aristolochia
pappilaris Masters (1875: 100, Aristolochiaceae), Jacquemontia menispermoides Choisy (1838: 63,
Convolvulaceae), Phryganocydia corymbosa (Vent.) Bureau ex Schumann (1894: 224, Bignoniaceae),
Psiguria triphylla (Miq.) Jeffrey (1978: 353, Cucurbitaceae), and Sabicea grisea Chamisso & Schlechtendal
(1829: 192, Rubiaceae).
At a global scale, latitude and seasonality in rainfall are often cited as explaining variations in the species
composition of climbing plants floras in tropical forests (Gentry 1991, Campanello et al. 2007). According to
Schnitzer & Bongers (2002), habitat diversity and history of human impact at a site are the most important
factors determining climbing plant species richness. Alves-Arajo et al. (2008) published a checklist for
Igarassu which includes plant habit. Based on this list the most species-rich fragment in Igarassu is Piedade
with 49 species, followed by Macacos (41 species), Pezinho (34 species), Zambana (25 species), Santa Helena
(7 species), and Vespas (4 species). Pezinho is among the most species-rich fragments yet is about a tenth of
the size of Piedade. This result is possibly related to the diversity of habitats found in each fragment which in
turn is a product of the history of human impact as suggested by Schnitzer & Bongers (2002) and AlvesArajo et al. (2008) in addiction to the nearness of this little fragment to other big ones as Piedade and
Macacos (Fig. 1B).
FIGURE 1. A. Map of northeastern Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Recife metropolitan region and town of Igarassu. B.
Fragment disposition in the Usina So Jos plants territory. 1. Zambana. 2. Piedade. 3. Macacos. 4. Pezinho. 5. Vespas.
6. Santa Helena.FIGURE 1. A. Map of northeastern Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Recife metropolitan region and town
of Igarassu. B. Fragment disposition in the Usina So Jos plants territory. 1. Zambana. 2. Piedade. 3. Macacos. 4.
Pezinho. 5. Vespas. 6. Santa Helena.
ARAJO & ALVES
Key to the identification of the climbing plants of Igarassu based on flowering material
Note that for species of the Sapindaceae flowering plant family, fruiting characters are included as these are essential for
identification to species.
1.
1.
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Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2

Tendrils not present, or where present unbranched .................................................................................................... 34
Leaves opposite............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Leaves alternate ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Leaves simple ................................................................................................................................ Strychnos parviflora
Leaves compound. ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Branches of the inflorescence flattened in cross-section, the calyx spathe-like.............. Phryganocydia corymbosa
Branches of the inflorescence circular in cross-section, the calyx campanulate .......................................................... 5
Glands of the calyx 5, discoid, present on the calyx outer surface (Fig. 2A); corolla yellow, anthers glabrous............
........................................................................................................................................... Adenocalymma hypostictum
Glands absent from the outer surface of the calyx; corolla red to pink, anthers hairy .......................... Lundia cordata
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Leaves simple or 1-foliolate compound........................................................................................................................ 7

Leaves compound and with more than one leaflet ..................................................................................................... 26
Flowers zygomorphic ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Flowers actinomorphic ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Basal third of the leaflet connate; bracts reniform; petal outer surface completely hairy ............... Phanera outimouta
Basal two-thirds of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate; petals outer surface hairy only along the midvein ..
..................................................................................................................................................... Phanera trichosepala
Tendrils opposite the leaves (Fig. 3A) ............................................................................................... Cissus verticillata
Tendrils axillary to the leaves, either in the leaf sheath (appearing emergent from the petiole) or at the base of the
inflorescence (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G) ............................................................................................................................. 10
Tendrils 2, at the apex of the leaf sheath (appearing emergent from the petiole, Fig. 3G)................ Smilax syphilitica
Tendril 1, in the leafs axils or borne at an acute angle to the petiole (Fig. 3D) ........................................................ 11
Flowers unisexual ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Flowers bisexual ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Calyx urceolate (Fig. 2B); stamens 2.......................................................................................................................... 13
Calyx infundibuliform or campanulate (Fig. 2C); stamens 3 ..................................................................................... 15
Leaves 5-lobate; anthers straight ....................................................................................................... Psiguria umbrosa
Leaves 13-lobate; anthers twice-folded from the base ............................................................................................. 14
Lobes of the calyx longer than the lobes of the corolla ...................................................................Gurania acuminata
Lobes of the calyx shorter than the lobes of the corolla ................................................................... Gurania spinulosa
Flowers solitary............................................................................................................................ Momordica charantia
Flowers borne in clusters (racemes) ........................................................................................................................... 16
Adaxial surface of the leaves with stiff recurved hairs; flowers grouped in lax, larger than 2cm long racemes, bearing
more than 3 flowers............................................................................................................................Cayaponia tayuya
Leaves glabrous; flowers grouped in congested, up to 2cm, racemes bearing less than 3 flowers (Fig. 2D) ................
.....................................................................................................................................................Melothria fluminensis
Ovary inferior .......................................................................................................................................Gouania virgata
Ovary superior ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
Plant hairy; petals absent ................................................................................................................ Passiflora suberosa
Plant glabrous; petals 5 ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Leaves entire ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
Leaves lobate .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Flowers grouped in racemes; styles 4 .................................................................................................. Passiflora ovalis
Flowers solitary or in pairs; styles 3 ........................................................................................................................... 21
Stem 4-angulate; petiole with 26 sessile glands ................................................................................. Passiflora alata
Stem cylindrical; petiole with 2 stalked glands ............................................................................... Passiflora galbana
Stems 2-angulate; leaves bearing 812 circular glands on the adaxial surface ..................................Passiflora misera
Stems not angulate; leaves eglandular ........................................................................................................................ 23
Leaves 5-lobate .............................................................................................................................Passiflora cincinnata
Leaves 3-lobate ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Petiole with 2 sessile glands ................................................................................................................ Passiflora edulis
Petiole with 26 stalked glands .................................................................................................................................. 25
Apex of the leaves and stipules mucronate; bracts lanceolate, green..................................... Passiflora watsoniana
Apex of the leaves and stipules truncate; bracts obovate, pink .....................................................Passiflora edmundoi
Tendrils opposite to the leaves (Fig. 3A)....................................................................................................Cissus erosa
Tendrils in the axils of the leaves or at the base of the inflorescence (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G)....................................... 27
Flowers actinomorphic ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Flowers zygomorphic ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Calyx narrow in its length, geen, glabrous ........................................................................................ Psiguria triphylla
Calyx wide at basis with narrowed entering, orange, hairy..........................................................Gurania bignoniacea
Fruit divided into three samaras.................................................................................................................................. 30
Fruit a simple capsule ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Sepals with velvety margin (Fig. 2G) .......................................................................................Serjania subimpunctata
Sepals entirely glabrescent or glabrous (Fig. 2H)........................................................................ Serjania salzmaniana
Fruit without wings.............................................................................................................................Paullinia pinnata
Fruit with wings .......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Fruit with one wing................................................................................................................... Machaerium aculeatum
Fruit with three wings ................................................................................................................................................. 33
Leaf margin entire; wings of the fruit obovate, apiculate (Fig. 2E) ................................................Paullinia racemosa
ARAJO & ALVES
FIGURE 2. A Adenocalymma hypostictum, discoid glands of the calyx. B. Gurania bignoniacea, urceolate calyx. C.
Cayaponia tayuya, campanulate calyx. D. Melothria fluminensis, short laxiflorous raceme. E. Paullinia racemosa, fruit
with oblong and apiculate wings. F. Paullinia trigonia, fruit with elliptical wings and absent apicule. G. Serjania subimpunctata, fruit with oblong wings. H. Serjania salzmanianna, fruit with ovate wings. I. Stigmaphyllon salzmanii, fertile
branch with fruit showing the wing expansion facing the base. J. Heteropterys nordestina, fertile branch with fruit showing the wing expansion facing the apex. KM. Leaves and detail of the colleters, K. Blepharodon nitidum, L. Mandevilla
moricandiana, M. Matelea maritima. N. Coccoloba ochreolata, ochrea.
33.
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Leaf margin dentate; wings of the fruit elliptical, not apiculate (Fig. 2F)......................................... Paullinia trigonia
Leaves opposite or verticillate .................................................................................................................................... 35
Leaves alternate .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
Flowers grouped into a capitate compound inflorescence...................................................................Mikania obovata
Flowers grouped but not into a capitate compound inflorescences ............................................................................ 36
Nectariferous disk conspicuous, surrounding the ovary............................................................................................. 37
Nectariferous disk inconspicuous or absent............................................................................................................... 38
Plant with hairs that are rough to the touch ..............................................................................Prionostemma asperum
Plant without hairs or with hairs that are not rough to the touch................................................ Hippocratea vollubilis
Petiole glandular, glands 2, discoid ............................................................................................................................ 39
Petiole glandular or eglandular, where glandular glands not discoid ......................................................................... 41
Glands 2 at the base of the petiole (Fig. 2J)............................................................................. Heteropterys nordestina
Glands 2 at the apex of the petiole (Fig. 2I) ............................................................................................................... 40
Surface abaxial of the leave hirsute ........................................................................................ Stigmaphyllon blanchetii
Surface abaxial of the leave glabrous ......................................................................................Stigmaphyllon salzmanii
Stipules borne between the petioles........................................................................................................ Sabicea grisea
Stipules not borne between the petioles...................................................................................................................... 42
Flowers actinomorphic, the number of stamens more than double the number of petals ......................................... 43
Flowers zygomorphic, the number of stamens double, equal, or less than number of petals .................................... 48
Petiole twining; latex absent; stigma feather-like..................................................................................Clematis dioica
Petiole not twining; latex present; stigma not plumose .............................................................................................. 44
Plant glabrous ............................................................................................................................................................. 45
Plants hairy ................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Leaves oblong-elliptic; glands 2, broader at the base (Fig. 2K) ................................................... Blepharodon nitidum
Leaves obovate; glands 2,not broader at the base (Fig. 2L) ................................................. Mandevilla moricandiana
Glands absent from the leaf lamina .............................................................................................Temnadenia odorifera
Glands 26, borne on the leaf lamina ......................................................................................................................... 47
Glands 26, borne along the midvein ............................................................................................... Mandevilla scabra
Glands 26, borne at the base of the midvein (Fig. 2M) ................................................................... Matelea maritima
Corolla with wholly distinct petals; stamens 10 .......................................................................Niedenzuella acutifolia
Corolla with wholly or partially fused petals; stamen 4 ............................................................................................ 49
Plant herbaceous; petiole winged; flowers orange ............................................................................. Thunbergia alata
Plant woody; petiole not winged; flowers white (Fig. 4I and J)......................................... Mendoncia blanchetiana
Ochrea present (Fig. 2N) .............................................................................................................Coccoloba ochreolata
Ochrea absent.............................................................................................................................................................. 51
Leaves compound ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
Leaves simple or compound unifoliolate.................................................................................................................... 71
Palms. Terminal leaflets reduced, stiff and hook-like (Fig. 4A)................................................................................. 53
Not palms. Terminal leaflets not hook-like, foliaceus ................................................................................................ 54
Raphe unarmed, leaflets unarmed or sometimes armed with thorns at the base of the leaflets; apex of bracts covered
in narrow thorns (Fig. 4B) ..................................................................................................... Desmoncus orthacanthos
Raphe and abaxial surface of the leaflets armed with stiff and twisted thorns; apex of bracts covered in pustular
thorns (Fig. 4C) ...................................................................................................................... Desmoncus polyacanthos
Inflorescences opposite to the leaves..........................................................................................................Cissus erosa
Inflorescences never opposite to the leaves................................................................................................................ 55
Leaves digitate .............................................................................................................................Merremia macrocalyx
Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, never digitate ............................................................................................................ 56
Prickles or thorns present................................................................................................................ Senegalia tenuifolia
Prickles or thorns absent ............................................................................................................................................. 57
Calyx 2-lobate/divided................................................................................................................................................ 58
Calyx 4 or 5 lobed....................................................................................................................................................... 60
Surface abaxial of the leave glabrous ........................................................................................... Canavalia parviflora
Surface abaxial of the leave glabrescent to pubescent................................................................................................ 59
Calyx lobes of differing lengths.................................................................................................. Canavalia braziliensis
Calyx lobes of uniform length ......................................................................................................... Canavalia dictyota
Calyx 5 lobed .............................................................................................................................................................. 61
Calyx 4 lobed ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Calyx including a spur ................................................................................................................................................ 62
Calyx lacking a spur ................................................................................................................................................... 63
ARAJO & ALVES
FIGURE 3. Tendril disposition. A. Cissus erosa, opposite to the leaves. B. Gouania virgata, C. Passiflora alata,
axillary. D. Psiguria umbrosa, in acute angle with the petiole E-F. Serjania subinpunctata, E. In the inflorescence base,
F. detail G. Smilax syphilitca, on the apex of the sheath.
FIGURE 4. A. Desmoncus polyacanthos, leaf. BC. Bract and inflorescence, B. D. orthacanthos, C. D. polyacanthos.
D. Mucuna pruriens, part of the inflorescence. EG. Dalechampia species, bracts, E. D. convolvuloides, F. D. Braziliensis, G. D. pernambucensis. H. Davilla aspera, heteromorphic sepals, internal 2, bigger than the external 3. IJ. Mendoncia blanchetiana, I. Branch with fruits surrounded by bracts and persistent stigma J. Detail of bract.
10
ARAJO & ALVES
62. Stem cylindrical in cross-section; calyx lobes unequal in size, the larger lobe twice the length of the calyx tube,
flowers lilac................................................................................................................................ Centrosema pubescens
62. Stem angulate in cross-section; calyx lobes equal in size, the lobes not twice the length of the calyx tube; flowers
yellow........................................................................................................................................... Centrosema plumieri
63. Bracteole caducous; calyx campanulate ..................................................................................................................... 64
63. Bracteole persistent; calyx tubular.............................................................................................................................. 65
64. Stems bearing lenticels, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate.................................................................... Connarus blanchetii
64. Stem lacking lenticels, hairy; leaflets ovate............................................................................... Rynchosia pyramidalis
65. Stigma straight ....................................................................................................................................... Clitoria falcata
65. Stigma twisted............................................................................................................................................................. 66
66. Corolla wings conspicually larger than the standard ............................................................ Macropitilium prostratum
66. Corolla wings never larger than the standard ............................................................................................................. 67
67. Plants glabrous; bracteoles stiff, adpressed to the rachis...........................................................................Vigna luteola
67. Plants hirsute; bracteoles membranaceous, free ..................................................................................... Vigna vexillata
68. Lobes of the calyx of differingt lengths (Fig. 4D) .............................................................................. Mucuna pruriens
68. Lobes of the calyx of uniform length.......................................................................................................................... 69
69. Plants herbaceous.....................................................................................................................Centrosema brazilianum
69. Plants woody............................................................................................................................................................... 70
70. Stem hairy; calyx glabrous .................................................................................................................... Dioclea virgata
70. Stem glabrous; calyx hairy ..................................................................................................................Dioclea violacea
71. Flowers grouped in a flower-like inflorescence ......................................................................................................... 72
71. Flowers borne in racemes, panicles, glomerules or solitary ....................................................................................... 75
72. Flowers arranged into a capitate head.................................................................................... Cyrtocymura scorpioides
72. Inflroescence protected by two bright involucral bracts, flowers not arranged into a capitulum.
73. Involucral bracts entire (Fig 4E).......................................................................................Dalechampia convolvuloides
73. Involucral bracts 3-lobate ........................................................................................................................................... 74
74. Stipules linear-subulate; seeds rough, dark-brown (Fig 4F) .................................................. Dalechampia braziliensis
74. Stipules reniform; seeds smooth, light-brown (Fig 4F) ..................................................Dalechampia pernambucensis
75. Flowers unisexual ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
75. Flowers bisexual ......................................................................................................................................................... 80
76. Hairs urticating; flowers of both sexes borne in the same inflorescence.................................................................... 77
76. Hairs not urticating, when present; male and female flowers borne in separate inflorescences ................................ 78
77. Leaves 5-veined ....................................................................................................................................Tragia volubilis
77. Leaves 3-veined ................................................................................................................................Tragia lessertiana
78. Plants dioecious; nectariferous disk present; ovary inferior........................................................ Dioscorea marginata
78. Plants monoecious; nectariferous disk absent; ovary superior ................................................................................... 79
79. Leaves peltate; bracts cordate; stamens fused at their base, sessile........................................Cissampelos glaberrima
79. Leaves not peltate; bracts filiform; stamens fused at their base, stalked............................. Cissampelos andromorpha
80. Flowers zygomorphic ................................................................................................................................................. 81
80. Flowers actninomorphic ............................................................................................................................................. 85
81. Perianth composed of distinct sepals and petals......................................................................................................... 82
81. Perianth composed of tepals ....................................................................................................................................... 84
82. Papilionoid corolla.....................................................................................................................Securidaca diversifolia
82. Corolla not papilionoid ............................................................................................................................................... 83
83. Basal third of the leaflets connate; bracts reniform; petals hairy over their entire surface ............. Phanera outimouta
83. Apical third of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate; petals hairy along the midvein only ...............................
..................................................................................................................................................... Phanera trichosepala
84. Pseudo-stipules reniform; lip (expanded part of corolla tube) smooth....................................Aristolochia braziliensis
84. Pseudo-stipules absent; lip (expanded part of corolla tube) papillose........................................Aristolochia papillaris
85. Flowers with completely separate petals .................................................................................................................... 86
85. Flowers with the petals fused...................................................................................................................................... 89
86. Flowers borne in axillary or cauliflorous glomerules.................................................................. Doliocarpus dentatus
86. Flowers borne in panicles or cymes............................................................................................................................ 87
87. Plant glabrous; inflorescences borne opposite to the leaves............................................................. Cissus verticillada
87. Plant with rough hairs; inflorescences terminal.......................................................................................................... 88
88. Sepals unequal, inner two larger than the outer three, surrounding the flowers (Fig. 4H)..................... Davilla aspera
88. Sepals equal, not surrounding the flowers ......................................................................................Tetracera breyniana
89. Flowers solitary..............................................................................................................................Operculina altissima
89. Flowers grouped in inforescences............................................................................................................................... 90
11
90.
90.
91.
91.
92.
92.
93.
93.
94.
94.
95.
95.
96.
96.
Stigma globose............................................................................................................................................................ 91
Stigma oblong ............................................................................................................................................................. 96
Leaves pinnatifid.............................................................................................................................. Ipomoea quamoclit
Leaves entire to 35 lobed .......................................................................................................................................... 92
Leaves sagitate; sepals with liguliform appendix on their inner surface.......................................... Ipomoea bahiensis
Leaves never sagitate; sepals without an appendix on their inner surface ................................................................. 93
Leaves 35-lobed; sepals corniculate ............................................................................................ Ipomoea hederifolia
Leaves entire; sepals not corniculate .......................................................................................................................... 94
Leaves and sepals glabrous................................................................................................................. Ipomoea obscura
Leaves and sepals hairy to velvety ............................................................................................................................. 95
Leaves elliptic; hairs golden ..........................................................................................................Bonamia maripoides
Leaves cordate; hairs white.................................................................................................................... Ipomoea martii
Plants velvety, hairs stellate ...........................................................................................Jacquemontia menispermoides
Plants glabrous to glabrescent, where glabrescent the hairs simple ............................................... Merremia umbelata
Key to the identification of the climbing plants of Igarassu based on fruiting material
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Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2

Tendrils absent, or where present just a simple branch .............................................................................................. 34
Leaves opposite............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Leaves alternate ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
Leaves simple ................................................................................................................................ Strychnos parviflora
Leaves compound ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Leaflets bearing two dark glands at their base, branches of the inflorescence flattened in cross-section......................
............................................................................................................................................. Phryganocydia corymbosa
Leaflets without dark glands, branches of the inflorescence cylindrical in cross-section ............................................ 5
Fruits oblongoid, seeds not winged ................................................................................... Adenocalymma hypostictum
Frutis elongated, seeds winged .............................................................................................................. Lundia cordata
Leaves simple or 1-foliolate compound........................................................................................................................ 7
Leaves compound and with more than one foliole ..................................................................................................... 26
Tendrils hook-like ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Tendrils twining ............................................................................................................................................................ 9
Basal third of the leaflet connate; fruit indehiscent ..................................................................... Phanera trichosepala
Basal two-thirds of the leaflets connate; fruit dehiscent.................................................................. Phanera outimouta
Tendrils axillary to the leaves ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Tendril not axillary to the leaves................................................................................................................................. 19
Fruits winged, grouped in short (<20cm) racemes ...............................................................................Gouania virgata
Fruits berries, solitary, in pairs or long (>20cm) racemes .......................................................................................... 11
Leaves entire ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Leaves 2- or more lobbed ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Fruits grouped in racemes up to 1.5 m in length ................................................................................. Passiflora ovalis
Fruits solitary or in pairs............................................................................................................................................. 13
Stem 4-angulate in cross-section; petiole with 2-6 sessile glands ........................................................ Passiflora alata
Stem cylindrical in cross-section; petiole with 2 stalked glands ..................................................... Passiflora galbana
Leaves 5-lobbed............................................................................................................................Passiflora cincinnata
Leaves 2- or 3-lobbed ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Mature fruits never more than 15mm long ................................................................................................................. 16
Mature fruits always more than 15mm long............................................................................................................... 17
Stem hairy, flattened in cross-section .................................................................................................Passiflora misera
Stem glabrous, cylindrical in cross-section .................................................................................... Passiflora suberosa
Petiole with two sessile glands ............................................................................................................ Passiflora edulis
Petiole with 2-6 stalked glands ................................................................................................................................... 18
Apex of the leaves and stipules mucronate................................................................................. Passiflora watsoniana
Apex of the leaves and stipules truncate........................................................................................Passiflora edmundoi
Tendrils opposite to the leaves (Fig. 3A)........................................................................................... Cissus verticillata
Tendrils in the leaf sheath, at the basis of the inflorescence, or forming an acute angle with petiole (Fig. 3B, C, D, F,
G) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Tendrils two, in the apex of the leaf sheath (Fig. 3G) ....................................................................... Smilax syphilitica
Tendril solitary, in the leafs axils, forming an acute angle with the petiole or at the basis of the inflorescence (Fig.
3D) .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
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21.
21.
22.
22.
23.
23.
24.
24.
25.
25.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
28.
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47.
47.
48.
48.
49.
49.
50.
Leaves glabrous .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

Leaves hairy................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Latex watery; seeds arilate................................................................................................................. Psiguria umbrosa
Latex absent; seeds without an aril ..............................................................................................Melothria fluminensis
Mature fruits green or yellow striped ......................................................................................................................... 24
Mature entirely yellow to orange................................................................................................................................ 25
Petioles to 3 cm long; leaves scabrous on the adaxial surface.......................................................... Gurania spinulosa
Petioles to 15 cm long; leaves pubescent on the adaxial surface..................................................... Guranis acuminata
Mature fruit orange, dehiscent; seeds red .................................................................................... Momordica charantia
Mature fruit yellow (rarely red), indehiscent; seeds white ................................................................Cayaponia tayuya
Tendrils borne opposite to the leaves (Fig. 3A)..........................................................................................Cissus erosa
Tendrils borne in the axils of the leaves or at the basis of the inflorescence (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G)............................ 27
Fruits fleshy ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Fruits dry..................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Leaves with 2 or 3 foliolules....................................................................................................................................... 29
Leaves with more than 3-foliolules ............................................................................................................................ 30
Plants glabrous; fruits solitary ........................................................................................................... Psiguria triphylla
Plants pubscent to scrabous; fruit borne in racemes .....................................................................Gurania bignoniacea
Fruits without wings ...........................................................................................................................Paullinia pinnata
Fruit 3-winged............................................................................................................................................................. 31
Leaf margin entire; wings of the fruit obovate, apiculate................................................................Paullinia racemosa
Leaf margin dentate; wings of the fruit elliptical, not apiculate ........................................................ Paullinia trigonia
Stem flattened in cross-section; leaves pinnate ........................................................................ Machaerium aculeatum
Stem cylindrical in cross-section; leaves 3-foliolate or ternate .................................................................................. 33
Fruit divided into three oblong-winged samaras .......................................................................Serjania subinpunctata
Fruit divided into three ovate-winged samaras............................................................................ Serjania salzmaniana
Leaves opposite or verticillate .................................................................................................................................... 35
Leaves alternate .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Stipules borne between the petioles........................................................................................................ Sabicea grisea
Stipules not borne between the petioles...................................................................................................................... 36
Plants hairy ................................................................................................................................................................. 37
Plants glabrous............................................................................................................................................................ 42
Latex present............................................................................................................................................................... 38
Latex absent ................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Glands absent from the leaf limb.................................................................................................Temnadenia odorifera
Glands present on the leaf limb .................................................................................................................................. 39
Leaves scabrous, glands 2-6, distributed along the midvein ............................................................ Mandevilla scabra
Leaves not scabrous, glands 2-6 grouped at the base of the midvein................................................ Matelea maritima
Leaf covered with long fine hairs; fruit divided into 3 samaras ........................................... Stigymaphyllon blanchetii
Leaf covered with short thick hairs............................................................................................................................. 50
Fruit a 3-valved capsule; seeds winged ....................................................................................Prionostemma asperum
Fruits grouped into a capitate compound infrutescence ......................................................................Mikania obovata
Fruit winged................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Fruit not winged.......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Wings less than three times the length of the fruit....................................................................Niendenzuela acutifolia
Wings as long as or longer than three times the length of the fruit ............................................................................ 44
Wings oblong-falcate (Fig. 2J) ................................................................................................ Heteropterys nordestina
Wings asymmetrically obovate (Fig. 2I) .................................................................................Stigmaphyllon salzmanii
Stigma feather-like.................................................................................................................................Clematis dioica
Stigma not feather-like................................................................................................................................................ 46
Fruit a 3-carpelar capsule; seeds winged .................................................................................... Hippocratea vollubilis
Fruit a berry or a 2-carpelar capsule; seeds not winged ............................................................................................. 47
Fruit a capsule, 2-carpelar................................................................................................................... Thunbergia alata
Fruit a berry ............................................................................................................................ Mendoncia blanchetiana
Ochrea present (Fig. 2N) .............................................................................................................Coccoloba ochreolata
Ohcrea absent.............................................................................................................................................................. 49
Leaves compound ....................................................................................................................................................... 50
Leaves simple or compound unifoliolate.................................................................................................................... 69
Palms. Terminal leaflets reduced, stiff and hook-like (Fig. 4A)................................................................................. 51
13
50. Not palms. Terminal leaflets not hook-like, foliaceus ................................................................................................ 52

51. Raphe unarmed, leaflets unarmed or sometimes armed with thorns at the basis of the leaflets; apex of bracts covered
in narrow thorns (Fig. 4B) ..................................................................................................... Desmoncus orthacanthos
51. Raphe and abaxial surface of the leaflets armed with stiff and twisted thorns; apex of bracts covered in pustular
thorns (Fig. 4C) ...................................................................................................................... Desmoncus polyacanthos
52. Inflorescences opposite to the leaves..........................................................................................................Cissus erosa
52. Inflorescences never opposite to the leaves................................................................................................................ 53
53. Leaves digitate .............................................................................................................................Merremia macrocalyx
53. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, never digitate ............................................................................................................ 54
54. Prickles or thorns present................................................................................................................ Senegalia tenuifolia
54. Prickles or thorns absent ............................................................................................................................................. 55
55. Calyx persistent, 2-lobed ............................................................................................................................................ 56
55. Calyx persistent, 4 or 5 lobed ..................................................................................................................................... 58
56. Abaxial surface of the leave glabrous........................................................................................... Canavalia parviflora
56. Abaxial surface of the leave glabrescent to pubescent ............................................................................................... 57
57. Calyx lobes of unequal lengths................................................................................................... Canavalia braziliensis
57. Calyx lobes of equal lengths............................................................................................................ Canavalia dictyota
58. Calyx 5 lobed .............................................................................................................................................................. 58
58. Calyx 4-lobed.............................................................................................................................................................. 66
59. Calyx including a spur ................................................................................................................................................ 60
59. Calyx lacking a spur ................................................................................................................................................... 61
60. Stem cylindrical; calyx lobes unequal in size, the larger lobe twice the length of the calyx tube..................................
................................................................................................................................................... Centrosema pubescens
60. Stem angulate; calyx lobes of equal size ...................................................................................... Centrosema plumieri
61. Bracteole caducous; calyx campanulate ..................................................................................................................... 62
61. Bracteole persistent; calyx tubular.............................................................................................................................. 63
62. Stems bearing lenticels, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate; calyx persistent in fruit............................. Connarus blanchetii
62. Stem lacking lenticels, hairy; leaflets ovate; calyx not persistent ............................................. Rynchosia pyramidalis
63. Seeds more than ten per fruit ...................................................................................................Macroptilum prostratum
63. Seeds 4-6 per fruit....................................................................................................................................................... 64
64. Legume obtusely quadrangular; seeds spherical ................................................................................... Clitoria falcata
64. Legume oblong to linear ............................................................................................................................................. 65
65. Plants glabrous; bracteoles stiff, adpressed to the rachis...........................................................................Vigna luteola
65. Plants hirsute; bracteoles membranaceous, free ..................................................................................... Vigna vexillata
66. Lobes of the calyx of unequal length (Fig. 4D); fruit with urticating hairs.................................... Mucuna pruriens
66. Lobes of the calyx of equal length; fruit without urticating hairs .............................................................................. 67
67. Plants herbaceous.....................................................................................................................Centrosema brazilianum
67. Plants woody............................................................................................................................................................... 68
68. Stem hairy; calyx glabrous .................................................................................................................... Dioclea virgata
68. Stem glabrous; calyx hairy ..................................................................................................................Dioclea violacea
69. Fruits grouped in a flower-like inflorescence ............................................................................................................. 70
69. Fruits borne in racemes, panicles, glomerules or solitary........................................................................................... 73
70. Fruits arranged into a capitate compound inflorescence ....................................................... Cyrtocymura scorpioides
70. Fruits protected by two persistent, bright involucral bracts, not arranged into a capitulum ...................................... 71
71. Involucral bracts entire (Fig 4E).......................................................................................Dalechampia convolvuloides
71. Involucral bracts 3-lobed ............................................................................................................................................ 72
72. Stipules linear-subulate; seed rough, dark-brown (Fig 4F) ................................................... Dalechampia brasiliensis
72. Stipules reniform; seeds smooth, light-brown (Fig 4F) ..................................................Dalechampia pernambucensis
73. Plant bearing urticating hairs; fruit a 3-lobed capsule; a single seed per locule......................................................... 74
73. Plant not bearing urticating hairs; fruit 3-lobed or not, where 3-lobed more than one seed per locule ..................... 75
74. Leaves 5-veined .....................................................................................................................................Tragia volubilis
74. Leaves 3-veined .................................................................................................................................Tragia lessertiana
75. Fruit solitary................................................................................................................................................................ 76
75. Fruit borne in racemes, panicles or glomerule............................................................................................................ 77
76. Pseudo-stipules reniform .........................................................................................................Aristolochia brasiliensis
76. Pesudo-stipules absent ..............................................................................................................Aristolochia pappillaris
77. Fruit a pod................................................................................................................................................................... 78
77. Fruit not a pod............................................................................................................................................................. 79
78. Apical third of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate....................................................... Phanera trichosepala
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ARAJO & ALVES
78.
79.
79.
80.
80.
81.
81.
82.
82.
83.
83.
84.
84.
85.
85.
86.
86.
87.
87.
88.
88.
89.
89.
90.
90.
91.
91.
92.
92.
93.
93.
94.
94.
Basal third of the leaflets connate; bracts reniform ......................................................................... Phanera outimouta
Fruits winged .............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Fruits not winged ........................................................................................................................................................ 81
Fruits 3-winged; seeds numerous, flattened ................................................................................. Dioscorea marginata
Fruits 1-winged; one seed per fruit, spherical............................................................................Securidaca diversifolia
Fruits fleshy ................................................................................................................................................................ 82
Fruits dry..................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Fruits born in a cime, opposite to the leaves....................................................................................... Cissus verticilata
Fruits born in caulinar or terminal racemes ................................................................................................................ 83
Leaves peltate; bracts cordate ..................................................................................................Cissampelos glaberrima
Leaves no peltate; bracts filiform ........................................................................................ Cissampelos andromorpha
Stems not releasing latex when cut............................................................................................................................. 85
Stems releasing white or colourless latex when cut ................................................................................................... 86
Sepals persistent, unequal, internal 2 bigger than the external 3, surrounding the fruit (Fig. 4H); seeds with a white
aril ............................................................................................................................................................ Davila aspera
Sepals persistent, equal in size, not surrounding the fruit; seeds without a white aril ............................................... 87
Fruits solitary .................................................................................................................................Operculina altissima
Fruits grouped in infrutescences ................................................................................................................................. 88
Fruits born in terminal racemes ......................................................................................................Tetracera breyniana
Fruits born in axillary or cauliflorous glomerules ....................................................................... Doliocarpus dentatus
Leaves pinatifid................................................................................................................................ Ipomoea quamoclit
Leaves entire to 5-lobed.............................................................................................................................................. 89
Leaves sagitate; inner surface of sepals with liguliform appendix................................................... Ipomoea bahiensis
Leaves never sagitated; inner surface of sepals without appendix ............................................................................. 90
Leaves 35-lobed; sepals ............................................................................................................... Ipomoea hederifolia
Leaves entire; sepals not corniculate .......................................................................................................................... 91
Leaves and sepals glabrous......................................................................................................................................... 92
Leaves and sepals hairy .............................................................................................................................................. 93
Fruits irregulary dehiscent; seeds triangular................................................................................... Merremia umbelata
Fruits regulary dehiscent; seeds with two surfaces flat, one convex .................................................. Ipomoea obscura
Fruits 4-valved, each valve dividing into two................................................................Jacquemontia menispermoides
Fruits 4-valved, valves not subdividing upon opening ............................................................................................... 94
Leaves elliptic; hairs golden ..........................................................................................................Bonamia maripoides
Leaves cordate; hairs white.................................................................................................................... Ipomoea martii
ACANTHACEAE
1. Mendoncia blanchetiana Profice
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia). Humid areas in the Atlantic forest. Previously known only by the type specimen collected
in the state of Bahia (Profice 1997).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Arajo et al. 570 (UFP).
2. Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims
Tropical Africa, United States, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil (widely
distributed ), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Arajo et al. 468 (IPA, UFP).
APOCYNACEAE
3. Blepharodon nitidum (Vell.) Macbr. (Fig. 1K)
Venezuela, Brazil (widely distributed) (Pereira, 2005).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 265 (IPA).
4. Mandevilla moricandiana (A.DC.) Woodson (Fig. 1L)
Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraba, Pernambuco, Bahia).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 553 (UFP).
5. Mandevilla scabra (Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl.
Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil (widely distributed ), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Arajo et al. 610 (UFP); Piedade, Alves-Arajo et al. 192 (UFP); Macacos, Arajo et al.
428 (UFP).
6. Matelea maritima (Jacquin 1760:17.) Woodson (1941:222) (Fig. 1L)
15
Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyanas, Brazil (from Par to Esprito Santo). Restinga and Atlantic forest slopes.
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Arajo et al. 405 (UFP); Macacos, Alves Arajo et al. 601 (UFP), Arajo et al. 297 (UFP).
7. Temnadenia odorifera (Vell.) J.F.Morales
Brazil (from Cear to Rio Grande do Sul). Restinga and slope Atlantic forest (Kinoshita 2005).
Selected Vouchers:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo & Marques 228 (IPA, UFP, ULM).
ARECACEAE
8. Desmoncus orthacanthos Mart. (Fig. 4A, B)
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil (Pernambuco, Esprito Santo, Rio
de Janeiro), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia. Atlantic forest, in disturbed areas, capoeiras and riverside (Henderson et al. 1995).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Arajo et al. 180 (UFP).
9. Desmoncus polyacanthos Mart. (Fig. 4A, C)
Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyanas, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (widely distributed). Atlantic forest (Henderson et al.
1995).
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
10. Aristolochia brasiliensis Mart. & Zucc.
Brazil. Only known in the state of Pernambuco.
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Melquades 199 (PEUFR).
11. Aristolochia papillaris Masters in Mart.
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Esprito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo, Santa Catarina).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Arajo et. al 602 (UFP); Macacos, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 503 (UFP)..
ASTERACEAE
12. Cyrtocymura scorpioides (Lam.) H.Rob. (syn.: Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.)
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia), Peru, Argentina.
Selected Vouchers:Macacos, Arajo et al. 292 (UFP, ULM); Zambana, Arajo et al. 340 (UFP).
13. Mikania obovata DC.
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, 14 March 2007, Alves-Arajo et al. 887 (UFP).
BIGNONIACEAE
14. Adenocalymma hypostictum Bureau & K.Schum. in Mart. (Fig. 2A)
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Esprito Santo, Rio de Janeiro).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Arajo et al. 380 (UFP, ULM).
15. Lundia cordata (Vell. ) A.DC.
Brazil (Cear, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Gois, Esprito Santo), Peru
Selected Voucher:Zambana, 17 July 2007, Arajo et al. 329 (IPA); Macacos, Alves-Arajo et al. 276 (UFP), Arajo et
al. 482 (UFP).
16. Phryganocydia corymbosa (Vent.) Bureau ex K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl
Central America, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (widely distributed). Semi-deciduous to perennial Atlantic forest
(Gentry 1997).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Melo et al. 45 (IPA, UFP); Macacos, Albuquerque et al. 297 (IPA).
CELASTRACEAE
17. Hippocratea volubilis L.
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyanas, Bolivia, Brazil (widely
distributed), Paraguay, Argentina. Atlantic forest and forest-cerrado(savannah-like vegetation) transition (Lombardi &
Lara 2003).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Arajo et al. 384 (UFP); Macacos, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 498 (UFP).
18. Prionostemma asperum (Lam.) Miers
Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Guyanas, Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Acre, Par, Pernambuco). Atlantic
forest semi-deciduous to perennial, capoeiras, gallery Forest, lowlands (Mennega & Hedin, 1999).
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Arajo et al. 413 (UFP); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 301 (UFP).
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ARAJO & ALVES
CONARACEAE
19. Connarus blanchetii Planch.
Brazil (Paraba, Pernambuco, Bahia) (Forero 1983).
CONVOLVULACEAE
20. Bonamia maripoides Hallier f.
Panama, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Albuquerque 493 (IPA, ULM).
21. Ipomoea bahiensis Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Brazil (widely distributed ) (Simo-Biachini 1993).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 229 (UFP); Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 651 (UFP).
22. Ipomoea hederifolia L.
Tropical America (widely distributed ) (Simo-Biachini 1993).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Albuquerque 542 (IPA, ULM); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 603 (UFP).
23. Ipomoea martii Meisner in Mart.
Brazil (Pernambuco, Gois, So Paulo).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Melo et al. 296 (UFP).
24. Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl.
Brazil (Pernambuco). Native from Tropical Africa, being the first register to Brazils northeast.
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Alves-Arajo et al. 565 (UFP).
25. Ipomoea quamoclit L.
Tropical America (widely distributed ) (Simo-Biachini 1993).
Selected Vouchers:Macacos, Alves-Arajo et al. 531 (IPA, UFP).
26. Jacquemontia menispermoides Choisy
Brazil (Pernambuco). Atlantic forest and Caatinga.
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 643 (UFP); Piedade, Albuquerque 356 (IPA, ULM).
27. Merremia macrocalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) ODonell
Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (widely distributed ).
Selected Vouchers:Zambana, Albuquerque 525 (IPA, ULM); Piedade, Alves-Arajo & Arajo 723 (UFP).
28. Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f.
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (Amap, Rondnia,
Amazonas, Par, Cear, Pernambuco), Argentina.
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 665 (UFP); Piedade, Alves-Arajo 561 (UFP).
29. Operculina altissima (Mart. ex Choisy) Meisner in Mart.
Brazil (Pernambuco).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, 21 November 2003, Bezerra 111 (UFP).
CUCURBITACEAE
30. Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn. (Fig. 1C)
Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (widely distributed). Pluvial and dry Atlantic forest, restinga and caatinga (Klein 2000).
Selected VoucherSanta Helena, S e Silva 176 (UFP); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo 576 (UFP).
31. Gurania acuminata Cogn. (Fig. B)
Colombia, Venezuela, Guyanas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Rondnia, Pernambuco, Bahia)
(Kearns 1998).
Selected VoucherMacacos, Melo et al. 61 (UFP).
32. Gurania bignoniacea (Poepp. & Endl.) Jeffrey (Fig. 2B)
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Par, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia) (Kearns 1998).
Selected VoucherPiedade, Arajo et al. 381 (UFP).
33. Gurania spinulosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn.
Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (Acre, Rondnia, Pernambuco) (Kearns 1998).
34. Melothria fluminensis Gardner (Fig. 2D)
Honduras, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro).
17
Selected Voucher:Vespas, 18 June 2007, Ojima 62 (UFP).

35. Momordica charantia L.
Native to Africa and widely distributed throughout the tropics (Kearns 1998).
Selected Vouchers:Pezinho, Marques et al. 40; Piedade, Albuquerque & Rocha 410 (IPA, ULM).
36. Psiguria triphylla (Miq.) Jeffrey
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyanas, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) (Kearns 1998). This is the
first record in Brazil outside Amazonas.
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Arajo et al. 446 (UFP); Piedade, Arajo et al. 382 (UFP).
37. Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) Jeffrey (Fig. 1D)
Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil (Amazonas, Par, Pernambuco) (Kearns, 1998).
DILLENIACEAE
38. Davilla aspera (Aubl.) Benoist (Fig. 4H)
Mexico, Central America, Colombia Venezuela, Guyana, Peru Bolivia, Brazil (Pernambuco) (Aymard 1998).
Selected Vouchesr:Pezinho, 11 Arajo et al. 599 (IPA, UFP); Macacos, Arajo et al. 328 (UFP).
39. Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl.
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyanas, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil (from
Amazonas to So Paulo) (Aymard 1998).
Selected Vouchers:Zambana, Arajo et al. 483 (IPA, UFP).
40. Tetracera breyniana Schltdl.
Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Cear, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro).
Selected Vouchers:Zambana, Albuquerque & Rocha 440 (IPA, ULM).
DIOSCOREACEAE
41. Dioscorea marginata Griseb. in Mart.
Brazil (Amazonas, Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, Mato-Grosso do Sul).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 625 (UFP), Albuquerque 588 (IPA).
EUPHORBIACEAE
42. Dalechampia brasiliensis Lam. (Fig. 4F)
Brazil (Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro). Atlantic forest. (Govaerts et al. 2000).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, 22 March 2007, Alves-Arajo et al. 201 (IPA, UFP).
43. Dalechampia convolvuloides Lam. (Fig. 4E)
Brazil (Pernambuco, Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro). Atlantic forest. (Govaerts et al. 2000).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Arajo et al. 379 (IPA, UFP); Macacos, Arajo et al. 294 (UFP); Zambana, Arajo et al.
347 (UFP).
44. Dalechampia pernambucensis Baill. (Fig. 4G)
Brazil (Cear, Pernambuco) (Govaerts et al. 2000).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 271 (UFP).
45. Tragia lessertiana (Baill.) Mll.Arg.
Guyanas, Brazil (Amap, Maranho, Pernambuco, Bahia) (Govaerts et al. 2000).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, 10 January 2008, Alves-Arajo et al. 799 (UFP, IPA).
46. Tragia volubilis L.
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, South America (from Ecuador to Argentina), Brazil (widely distributed ), Tropical
Africa (Govaerts et al. 2000).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Arajo et al. 604 (UFP).
FABACEAE
47. Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. ex Benth.
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean and South America (widely distributed ) (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Marques 244 (UFP).
48. Canavalia dictyota Piper
United States, Panama, Caribbean, Venezuela, Guyanas, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Par,
18
ARAJO & ALVES
Cear, Pernambuco, Bahia) (Aymard et al. 1999).

49. Canavalia parviflora Benth. in Mart.
Peru and Brazil (Acre, Pernambuco, Bahia, Gois, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Albuquerque et al. 495 (UFP).
50. Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth.
Caribbean, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Guyanas, Bolivia, Brazil (widely distributed ). Savannah, edge of roads
and forests boards (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Vouchers:Macacos, Marques 218 (IPA, ULM).
51. Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Benth.
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyanas, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (from Roraima to So Paulo)
and introduced in Tropical Africa (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, 19 December 2007, Arajo et al. 520 (UFP).
52. Centrosema pubescens Benth.
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (from Amazonas to Rio de
Janeiro), Argentina.
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Arajo et al. 432 (UFP); Piedade, Melo et al. 136 (UFP).
53. Clitoria falcata Lam.
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyanas, Peru, Brazil (Roraima, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de
Janeiro), Paraguay (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Vouchers:Macacos, Arajo et al. 316 (IPA, UFP); Zambana, Albuquerque 511 (IPA).
54. Dioclea violacea Mart. ex Benth.
United States, Caribbean, Guyanas, Peru, Brazil (Roraima, Amap, Par, Bahia, Mato-Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul,
Esprito Santo, Rio de Janeiro).
55. Dioclea virgata (Rich.) Amshoff
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Guyanas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (from Roraima to
So Paulo), Argentina (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Arajo et al. 484; Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al 548 (UFP).
56. Machaerium aculeatum Raddi
Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, (Paraba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Gois, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro),
Argentina.
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Marques et al. 214 (IPA).
57. Macroptilium prostratum (Benth.) Urb.
Brazil (Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Argentina.
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Arajo et al. 438 (UFP).
58. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Fig. 4D)
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia) (Aymard et al. 1999).
59. Phanera outimouta (Aubl.) L.P.Queiroz
Central America to eastern South America, Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia) (Queiroz, 2006).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 513 (IPA, UFP).
60. Phanera trichosepala L.P.Queiroz
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia). Humid Atlantic forest. (Queiroz 2006). This is the first collection apart from the type
specimen.
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Albuquerque 597 (UFP).
61. Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. (= R. phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.)
Caribbean, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Guyanas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (widely distributed ) (Aymard et al.
1999).
Selected Vouchers:Macacos, Melo et al. 73 (UFP); Zambana, Arajo et al. 174 (UFP); Pezinho, Arajo et al. 280
(UFP).
62. Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton & Rose (= Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd.)
Venezuela, Caribbean, Peru, Guyanas, Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Rondnia, Par, from Piau to So Paulo).
19
63. Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.

United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, South America (from Venezuela to Uruguay), Brazil (Roraima,
Acre, Par, Pernambuco, Bahia) (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Marques et al. 247 (IPA, ULM); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 567 (UFP).
64. Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich.
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Par,
Pernambuco, Bahia) (Aymard et al. 1999).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 581 (UFP).
LOGANIACEAE
65. Strychnos parviflora Spruce ex Benth.
Bolivia, Peru, Brazil (from Par to So Paulo), Paraguay.
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Marques & Albuquerque 16 (IPA).
MALPIGHIACEAE
66. Heteropterys nordestina Amorim (Fig. 2J)
Brazil (from Rio Grande to Norte ao Esprito Santo) Restingas and humid forests (Amorim 2003).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Arajo et al. 389 (IPA, UFP, ULM), Alves-Arajo & Albuquerque 323 (IPA, UFP).
67. Niedenzuella acutifolia (Cav.) W.R.Anderson
South America (from Guyanas to south Brazil) (Anderson 2006).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, 19, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 533-B (UFP).
68. Stigmaphyllon blanchetii W.R.Anderson
Brazil (from Paraba to Esprito Santo) Atlantic forest.
Selected Vouchers:Zambana, Melo et al. 04 (IPA, UFP, ULM); Pezinho, Arajo et al. 447 (UFP)..
69. Stigmaphyllon salzmannii Juss. (Fig. 2I)
Brazil (from Pernambuco until Rio de Janeiro), Atlantic forest.
Selected Vouchers:Macacos, Melo et al. 59 (UFP, ULM), Alves-Arajo & Arajo 727 (UFP); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et
al. 242 (UFP)..
MENISPERMACEAE
70. Cissampelos andromorpha DC.
From Central America to southern Brazil (widely distributed ).
Selected Vouchers:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 275 (IPA, UFP); Macacos, Arajo ET al. 414 (UFP); Zambana, AlvesArajo 895 (UFP).
71. Cissampelos glaberrima A.St.-Hil.
Brazil (Maranho, Cear, Pernambuco, Gois, Mato-Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, So Paulo).
Selected Vouchers:Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 274 (IPA, UFP).
PASSIFLORACEAE
72. Passiflora alata Curtis (Fig. 3C)
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, (from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul). Atlantic forest, seasonal
forest and restinga (Nunes & Queiroz 2006).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 687 (UFP).
73. Passiflora cincinnata Masters
South America (widely distributed ) (Nunes & Queiroz 2006).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Albuquerque 457 (IPA).
74. Passiflora contracta Vitta
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, Esprito Santo). Distributed along the litoral: Atlantic forest, seasonal Forest and restingas
(Vitta & Bernaci 2004).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Arajo et al. 388 (UFP, ULM); Macacos, Arajo et al. 310 (UFP); Zambana, Arajo et al.
576 (UFP).
75. Passiflora edmundoi Sacco
Brazil (Piau, Pernambuco, Bahia, Gois, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro). Occours mainly in campo rupestre and caatinga
areas, ocasionally in the seasonal or atlantic forest (Nunes & Queiroz 2006).
20
ARAJO & ALVES
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Silva s.n. (IPA-61585).

76. Passiflora edulis Sims
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil (widely distributed ), Paraguay,
Argentina.
77. Passiflora galbana Masters
Brazil (from Paraba to Rio de Janeiro). Found in carrasco reas, seasonal areas, campo rupestre, Atlantic forest, restinga
and cerrado (Nunes & Queiroz 2006).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Arajo et al. 478 (UFP), Albuquerque 431 (IPA).
78. Passiflora misera Kunth
Central America, Caribbean, South America (widely distributed ). Campo rupestre, Atlantic forest, rarely in the caatinga
and seasonal forests (Nunes & Queiroz 2006).
79. Passiflora suberosa L.
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (from
Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Argentina (Killip 1938).
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Irapuan 21 (IPA).
80. Passiflora watsoniana Masters
Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia, So Paulo). Atlantic and seasonal forests, campo rupestre and near restingas (Nunes &
Queiroz 2006).
Selected Voucher: Macacos, Ojima 12 (UFP); Pezinho, Arajo et al. 591 (UFP); Piedade, Albuquerque 256 (IPA);
Zambana, Melo et al. 125 (UFP).
POLYGALACEAE
81. Securidaca diversifolia (L.) Blake
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Par, Pernambuco, Alagoas,
Bahia, Distrito Federal).
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Alves-Arajo & Arajo 728 (UFP); Zambana, Albuquerque 586 (IPA).
POLYGONACEAE
82. Coccoloba ochreolata Wedd. (Fig. 2N)
Bolivia, Brazil (Par, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Mato-Grosso).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Alves-Arajo et al. 204 (IPA).
RANUNCULACEAE
83. Clematis dioica L.
United States, Mexico, Central America, tropical South America (widely distributed ) (Marcondes-Ferrreira 2003).
Selected Vouchers:Piedade, Alves-Arajo et al. 486 (IPA, UFP, ULM); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo et al. 604 (UFP).
RHAMNACEAE
84. Gouania virgata Reissek (Fig. 3B)
Venezuela, Guyanas, Bolivia, Brazil (from Par to So Paulo) (Lima & Giulietti 2005).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Arajo et al. 398 (UFP); Pezinho, Alves-Arajo 588 (UFP)
RUBIACEAE
85. Sabicea grisea Cham. & Schltdl.
Brazil (Amazonas, Pernambuco, Bahia).
SAPINDACEAE
86. Serjania salzmanniana Schltdl.
Brazil (from Paraba to Rio de Janeiro).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Arajo 554 (UFP); Piedade, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 523 (UFP); Macacos, Arajo et al.
490 (UFP).
21
87. Serjania subimpunctata Radlk. (Fig. 3 E, F)

Brazil (Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia).
Selected Voucher:Piedade, Arajo et al. 588 (UFP); Macacos, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 499 (UFP).
88. Paullinia pinnata L.
United States, Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Amap, Par, Maranho,
Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, Gois, Mato-Grosso, Paran), Argentina.
89. Paullinia racemosa Wawra (Fig. 2E)
Brazil (from Par to So Paulo). Atlantic forest, restinga, carrasco (Somner 2001).
Selected Voucher:Macacos, 13 Arajo et al. 489 (UFP).
90. Paullinia trigonia Vell. (Fig. 2F)
Brazil (from Par to Rio Grande do Sul) (Somner 2001).
Selected Voucher:Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 659 (IPA).
SMILACACEAE
91. Smilax syphilitica Griseb. in Mart. (Fig. 3G)
Venezuela, Guyanas, Bolivia, Brazil (Roraima, Pernambuco, Esprito Santo).
Selected Voucher:Pezinho, Arajo et al. 613 (UFP); Piedade, Arajo & Alves-Arajo 525 (UFP); Macacos, Arajo et
al. 481 (UFP); Zambana, Arajo et al. 560 (UFP).
VITACEAE
92. Cissus erosa Rich.
Mexico, Central America, South America until the southeast of Brazil (widely distributed ), Paraguay. Campos, cerrados,
restingas and Forest boards (Lombardi 2002).
Selected Voucher:Macacos, Arajo et al. 618 (UFP); Zambana, Alves-Arajo et al. 637 (UFP).
93. Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E.Jarvis
From Florida and north Mexico, Caribbean, South America, until the north of Argentina, Brazil (widely distributed ).
Found mainly in forest boards, restingas, rarely in cerrados (Lombardi 2002).
Acknowledgements
To CNPq/Brazil and BMBF/Germany as partners of the Project Sustainability of remnants of the Atlantic
rainforest in Pernambuco and its implications for conservation and local development within this study is
included. We are also thankful to Alex Monro for his numerous constructive comments that improved this
manuscript.
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ARAJO & ALVES

Climbing Plants of A Fragmented Area of Lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil)

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Climbing Plants of A Fragmented Area of Lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil)

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Phytotaxa 8: 124

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu,

Elevation (minmax) Total area (ha)

74912, 75055 S 35035, 345921 W

74129, 74309S 3508, 345838W

74602", 74740 S 350106", 345942W

74727, 74801 S 350125, 350100W

74450, 74508 S 345902, 345845W

74659, 74716S 345641, 345629W

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

Results and discussion

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Leaves simple or 1-foliolate compound........................................................................................................................ 7

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

Leaves glabrous .......................................................................................................................................................... 22

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

50. Not palms. Terminal leaflets not hook-like, foliaceus ................................................................................................ 52

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

Selected Voucher:Vespas, 18 June 2007, Ojima 62 (UFP).

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

Cear, Pernambuco, Bahia) (Aymard et al. 1999).

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

63. Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

Selected Voucher:Piedade, Silva s.n. (IPA-61585).

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

87. Serjania subimpunctata Radlk. (Fig. 3 E, F)

Phytotaxa 8 2010 Magnolia Press

ARAJO & ALVES

CLIMBING PLANTS OF LOWLAND ATLANTIC FOREST, IGARASSU