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SELECT
SELECT * FROM table_name;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT column1) FROM table_name;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
= Equal
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3 ...;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1, column2, ... ASC|DESC;
SELECT * FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1;
SELECT * FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1 DESC;
SELECT * FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1, column2;
SELECT * FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1 ASC, column2 DESC;
IS NULL
SELECT column_names
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IS NULL;
IS NOT NULL
SELECT column_names
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IS NOT NULL;
SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
La función AVG() devuelve el valor medio de una columna numérica.
SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Hay dos comodines que se utilizan a menudo junto con el operador LIKE:
mediante los operador
es AND o OR.
WHERE ContactName LIKE 'a%o' Busca cualquier valor que comience con "a" y termine
con "o".
% Representa cero o más caracteres. bl% finds bl, black, blue, and blob
[] Representa cualquier carácter h[oa]t finds hot and hat, but not hit
individual entre corchetes.
^ Representa cualquier carácter que h[^oa]t finds hit, but not hot and hat
no esté entre corchetes.
WHERE CustomerName LIKE 'a%' Busca cualquier valor que comience con "a".
WHERE CustomerName LIKE '_r%' Encuentra cualquier valor que tenga "r" en la segunda
posición.
WHERE CustomerName LIKE '%a' Encuentra cualquier valor que termine con "a".
WHERE
WHERE CustomerName
CustomerName LIKE
LIKE 'a_%'
'%or%' Busca
Busca cualquier
cualquier valor
valor que
que comience
tenga "o" con "a" y tenga al
en cualquier
menos 2 caracteres de longitud.
posición.
WHERE CustomerName LIKE 'a__%' Busca cualquier valor que comience con "a" y tenga al
menos 3 caracteres de longitud.
WHERE ContactName LIKE 'a%o' Busca cualquier valor que comience con "a" y termine
con "o".
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...);
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (value1, value2, ...);
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (SELECT STATEMENT);
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;
AND column_name IN (value1, value2, ...);
Los alias de SQL se utilizan para dar un nombre temporal a una tabla, o
una columna de una tabla.
Los alias se utilizan a menudo para hacer que los nombres de las
columnas sean más legibles.
SELECT column_name AS alias_name
FROM table_name;
La siguiente instrucción SQL crea dos alias, uno para la columna1 y otro
para la columna2.
SELECT column_name1 AS alias_name1, column_name2 AS [alias_name2]
FROM table_name;
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name AS alias_name;
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
FULL (OUTER) JOIN: Devuelve todos los registros cuando hay una
coincidencia en la tabla izquierda o derecha
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
FULL OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name
WHERE condition;
Autounión SQL
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1 T1, table1 T2
WHERE condition;
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table2;
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
ORDER BY column_name(s);
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s);
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE EXISTS
(SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE condition);
INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);
UPDATE
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;
DELETE
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;