BASICS OF BIOMECHANICS

INTRODUCTION.

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Biomechanics
The study or application of mechanics to biological systems. The study of the forces that act on the body and their effects on the bodys movement, size, shape, and structure.

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DEFINITION[2]
Bio= life; Mechanics= physical actions Statics: form of mechanics that analyzes systems in constant state of motion
Could be no movement at all Could be constant velocity with no acceleration

Dynamics: form of mechanics that analyzes systems in motion and accelerating

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DEFINITION[3]

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DEFINITION[4]

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Who uses musculoskeletal biomechanics?

Biomedical and biomechanical engineers
Medical device companies Orthopaedic, sports medicine, and rehabilitation doctors Physical and occupational therapists NASA Automotive and aircraft companies Sports and safety equipment designers Athletic trainers, coaches, and athletes.
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Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineer
Apply engineering principles to understand, modify, or control biologic systems Must have a good understanding of engineering fundamentals as well as anatomy, physiology, and medicine.

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Tasks of biomedical engineers

Research in new materials for artificial organs, tissues, implants, etc. Develop new diagnostic instruments Develop computer models of physiologic systems and functions Design imaging systems, sensors, organs, implants, instruments Study normal and abnormal function to develop new methodologies of treatment.
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Anatomy

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The Skeletal System

The skeletal system protects and supports our organs, helps with movement, produces blood cells, stores minerals The human skeletal system normally
has 206 bones has over 200 articulations accounts for 12 to 20% of total body weight.

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The Muscular System

Muscles maintain posture, generate heat, provide driving force for movement Muscles are the actuators of the musculoskeletal system.

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The Muscular System

The human muscular system normally
has approximately 640 skeletal muscles accounts for 36 to 45% of total body weight.

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Muscle Contraction
Muscles are unique compared to other tissues of the body, they can contract Contracting muscles
Produce or resist forces
Muscles can produce or resist very large forces the bigger the muscle, the more force it can produce or resist

Change their length

Muscles can shorten by 1/5 to 1/3 of their original length.

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Muscle Contraction

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Sliding Filaments

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Muscles and Tendons

Tendons connect muscles to bone
Some muscle connect directly to bone Tendons may wrap around pulley-like structures Tendons are strong elastic bands, like very stiff rubber bands.

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Function of Tendons
Allow large cross-section muscles to attach to a smaller area of bone Reduce the diameter of our joints Facilitate pulley-like structures.

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Finger Flexor Pulleys

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Why Study Biomechanics?

To address problems related to human health and performance. Useful for
Phys Ed Teachers Physical Therapists Physicians Coaches Personal Trainers Exercise Instructors
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Problem-Solving Approach
Analysis of human movement can be either Quantitative or
Six Meters, Three Seconds, Fifty Turns, Two Players, Ten Dollars, etc.

Qualitative
Good, Poor, Long, Heavy, Flexed, Rotated, spiffy, etc.

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1-5

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General Question Examples

Is the movement being performed with adequate (or optimal) force? Is the movement being performed through an appropriate range of motion? Is the sequencing of body movements appropriate (or optimal) for execution of the skill?

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Specific Question Examples

Is there excessive pronation taking place during the stance phase of gait? Is release of the ball taking place at the instant of full elbow extension? Does selective strengthening of the vastus medialis obliquus alleviate mistracking of the patella for this person?

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Formal Problems: 3 components

1) a set of given information 2) a particular goal, answer, or desired finding 3) a set of operations or processes that can be used to arrive at the answer from the given information

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Objectives
Define biomechanics, statics, dynamics, kinematics and kinetics and explain the ways in which they are related. Describe the scope of scientific inquiry addressed by biomechanists. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative approaches for analyzing human movement. Explain how to formulate questions for qualitative analysis of human movement.

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Method of solving problems

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Summary
A structured approach helps to facilitate the identification, analysis, and solution of problems or questions related to human movement.

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