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1.

Liquids expand ______________ than solids.

2.

Expansion of liquid is used in ______________ in glass thermometers. Mercury is used because it


(a) ______________ and _________________ easily, that is, it is very sensitive to heat.
(b) it is silvery and therefore very ____________________.
(c) it does not ______________ to the sides of the thermometer wall.

Expansion and contraction in gases


1.

Gas expands the _____________ when heated.

2.

On expansion, the _________________ of the substance increases. On contraction, the volume of the
substance ______________.

Heat Flow
1.

When two objects come into contact, heat flows from the _____________ object to the ___________
object.

2.

Heat can flow in 3 ways, namely ______________ , ______________ and ______________.

3.

______________ is the flow of heat through solids. The hotter particles in a solid ______________ the
colder neighbouring particles.

4.

______________ is the flow of heat through liquids or gases. When a liquid or gas is heated, its volume
______________ while the mass remains the ______________. Thus its ______________ decreases
and it ______________moves ______________. The colder particles flows to the ______________ to
replace the hotter particles. The movement of hotter and colder fluids are forms a
____________________________.

5.

______________ is the flow of heat through ______________. Heat is transferred by ______________


waves. It does not heed any ______________ for heat transfer.

6.

Natural phenomena involving heat transfer includes sea ______________ , land ______________ and
warming of Earth by the ______________.

7.

Formation of sea breeze: On a hot ______________, the land heats up ______________ that the sea.
The air above the ______________ is hotter that the air over the ______________. This causes the air
over the ______________ to ______________. The cool air from the ______________ flows to the
______________ to take the place of the hot air.

8.

Formation of land breeze : At ______________, the ______________ cools faster than the
______________. The hotter air over the ______________ moves upwards. The colder air above the
______________ moves into the place of the hotter air. The direction of the breeze is from the
______________ to the ______________.

9.

The outer space between the Earth and the Sun is a ______________. Heat form the Sun reaches the
Earth through ______________.

Heat Conductors and Insulators


1.

Substances that allow heat to ______________ easily are called heat conductors. Heat insulators are
substances that ______________ heat from ______________ .

2.

______________ are heat conductors while ______________ are heat insulators.

3.

Different ______________ have different rate of heat conduction. Copper is a ______________ heat
conductor than iron.

4.

Examples of application of heat conductors and insulators are :

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(a) A heater is made of ______________ thus heats up water in a short time.
(b) A pot is made of ______________ so as to conduct heat easily.
(c) The bottom of an iron is made of ______________ so that it conducts heat to clothes easily.
(d) Eskimos lived in igloos made from snow because ice is a ______________ and traps heat in it.
(e) The handles of irons and cooking utensils are made from ______________ to insulate heat.
7.3 The Effects of Heat on Matter
1.

When a solid is heated :


The solid particles ______________ heat energy. This causes the to ______________ faster in
their positions. When they have ______________ enough energy, they will ______________ to
form ______________. The energy gained is sufficient to ______________ the forces of
______________ between the solid particles. The process is called ______________ and the
temperature at which this occurs is called the

2.

______________ of the solid.

When a liquid is heated :


The liquid particles ______________ and ______________ faster. They are also further
______________. When they have ______________ enough energy, they are able to
______________ the

forces of attraction between them and will move ______________ to

form ______________. The process is called ______________ and the temperature at which this
occurs is called the ______________ of the liquid.
3.

When the gas is cooled :


The gas particles ______________ heat energy to their ______________. They ______________
slower and become ______________ to form ______________. This process is called
______________.

4.

When the liquid is cooled:


The liquid particles ______________ heat energy to the ______________. The ______________
slower and become ________________ to form ______________. The process is called
______________.

5.

Evaporation is a physical process in which a ______________ changes into a ______________ without


______________. It takes place at ______________ temperature.

6.

Sublimation is the physical process in which a ______________ changes into a ______________ when
heated or ______________ when cooled _________________ going through the ______________
state.

7.4 Application of the Principle of Expansion and Contraction of Matter.


The applications in daily life are:
1.

______________ in thermometer.

2.

______________ strip in a fire alarm. This ______________ strip acts as a ______________. It


consists of two metal strips joined together, a _______________ and a ______________ strip. When
there is a fire the ______________ strip expands more than the ______________. The bimetallic strip
bends towards the ______________ screw and the circuit is completed.

3.

______________ in railway tracks to allow expansion of tracks during ______________ weather.

4.

______________ of steel bridges to allow movement when a steel bridge expands or contracts.

5.

To remove a bottle cap, ______________ the ______________ into ______________ for a few
minutes.

7.5 Absorption and Release of Heat


1.

A ______________ and ______________ surface absorbs and gives out heat ______________ than a
______________ and ______________ surface.

2.

An object that absorbs heat easily is called a good ____________________________.

3.

An object that gives out heat easily is called a good ____________________________.

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