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[khJy; MfpH - 1426

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epfo;rrpfis elj;JtNjhL tUle;NjhWk; brk;gH> [dthp ; khjq;fspy; Nky; gbg;Gf;F topfhl;l MNyhrid kd;wq;fis mikj;J khzt khztpfspd; Iaq;fis njspTg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jid ehk; nra;a jtwpajpd; fhuzkhf ey;y Gj; jprhyp khztHfs; $l jk; jpwikia KOikahf ntspg;gLj;j Kbtjpy;iy. Nghjpa topfhl;Ljy; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhy; murhq;f rHtP]; fkp\d; Nghd;w NjHTfspy; $l vOJtjw;F jaf;fk; fhl; Lfpd;wdH. 1983y; kj;j pa cs;J iw mikr;rfk; mspj;j Gs;sp tptuj;jpd; Group-3 rHtP]; fkp\d; NjHTfspy; gq;Nfw;w 2352 khztHfspy; 76 (3.27%) NgHjhd; K];ypk;fs; ,Njg; Nghy; Group-2 NjHtpy; gq;Nfw;w 497 Nghpy; 12 NgH jhd; (2.44%) k; cjtp rH[d;fs; NjHtpy; 3503 Nghpy; 162 NgH jhd; (4.62%) gq;fspj;jpUf;fpd;wdH. mLj; j jhf ek; fy; t pf; $ lq; f spYs; s rpy jtWfisAk; ,q;F Rl;bfhl;Ljy; mtrpak;. ,d;iwa etPd fy;tp Nfhl;ghl;bd; gpd;dzpapy; Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhuk; ek; rKjha khztHfisAk; gPbj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,];yhk; $Wk; ey;nyhOf;fq;fs;> fw;Gnewp> ,iwar;rk; Nghd;wit Nghjpf;fglhj fhuzj;jpdhy; Nkw;fj;jpa fhyr;rhuj;jpw;F gypahfp ,];yhj;ijNa tpkHrpf;Fk; ngz;zpathjpahf etPdj;ij NgRk; mwpT(?) [Ptpfshf khwptpLfpd;wdH. ,d;iwa mtrpa Njit K];ypk;fshy; elj;jg;gLk; fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; ,];yhkpa ey;nyhOf;f ghlj;ij ; fl;lhak; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJkl;Lky;yhJ mugp kju]hf;fspy; Mypk;fspd; JizNahL ,];yhkpa rl;lk;> FHMd; tpsf;fTiu Nghd;wtw;iwf; fw;gpg;gJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. ek; rKjha fy;Y}hpfspd; epiyNa ,Jntd;why; mugp kju]hf;fs; KOf;f KOf;f Md; k P f tl; l j; j pw; F s; N sNa epw; f pd; w d. cj; j pu gpuNjrj; j py; ~jP d P j/yP k ; = vd; w ngahpy; 6000 fpuhkq;fspy; elj;jg;gLk; kju]hf;fspy; mwptpay; rhHe;j ve; j E}Yk; ghlj; j pl; l j; j pypy; i y. ,j; j ifa kju]hf;fspy; gl;lk; ngw;W ntsptUk; Mypk;fs;> ,d;iwa etPd gpur;ridfshd ,d;#ud;R> FNshdpq;> N\HkhHfl; Nghd;w rHr;irf;Fhpa gpur;ridfSf;F khHf;fj;jHg;G $w jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;wdH. Fiwe;j P gl;rk; Mypk;fSf;F fk;gpa+l;lH mwpT mtrpak;. NkYk; ,d;iwa Internet Afj;jpy; gy tpj mdhr;rhuq;fspy; g a d ; g L k ; Internet N g h d ; w t w ; w p y ; , ] ; yh k p a fUj; j hf; f q; f s; kw; W k; ,]; y hk; vjpHnfhs; S k; rthy;fis cyfshtpa mstpy; tpsf;fk; mspf;f miog;Gg;gzpia tiykidfs; %yk; KLf;fp tpl ek; rKjha Mypk;fs; jpwik gilj;jtHfshf cUthf Ntz;L nkd;w hy; ek;K ila mugp kju]hf; fspd; ghlj;jpl;lq;fspy; GdHepHkhzk; mtrpak;. ,d;W Mypk;fs; njhOif> Nehd;G Nghd;wtw;NwhL jk; gzpia RUf;fpf; nfhs;tjpdhy; gbg;gwpT kpf;f rpy K];ypk; ,isQHfs; tiykidfspy; ,];yhkpa Nritapy; <Lgl;lhYk; khHf;f rl;l tpsf;fq;fSf;F Mypk;fisNa rhHe;jpUf;fpd;wdH. kju]hf;fspy; khHf;f fy;tpAld; etPd njhopy; El;g fy;tpAk; NrHj;jhy; ,d;iwa etPd cyfpy; K];ypk;fs; ,oe;j ngUikia kPz;Lk; ngwyhk;. ,iwtd; Jiz nra;thdhf! (Mf;fj;jpw;F cjtpait Manorama Year Book 2005, jpdkzp.fhk;> xw;Wik> rkurk;)

Rtdg;ghij (khj ,jo;)

[khJy; MfpH - 1426

cly; eyk; NgZNthk;

Njit rhptpfpj czT
cztpd; Urp fUjp jdf;Fg; gpbj;j czit mjpfkhf cl;nfhs;tijj; jtpHj;J gy czTfisf; fye;J cz;zg; gofpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. GNuhl;Bd;> nfhOg;G> itl;lkpd;fs;> jhJg; nghUl;fs;> khTr; rj;J> ehHr; rj;J Nghd;w vy;yhk; fye;j czit rhptpfpj t.vz; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. czTg; nghUs; mhprp> NfhJik> uhfp gUg;G kw;Wk; gapH tiffs; fPiu tiffs; fha;fwp tiffs; fpoq;F tiffs; vz;iza; kw;Wk; nea; rHf;fiu msT (fpuhkpy;) 460 40 40 60 150 40 30

(njhlH-2)
ghis ,dpatd;

czT vdyhk;;. mj;N jhL cl;n fhs;Sk; czTg; nghUspd; ntg;g ntspg;ghl;Lj; jpwd; (fNyhhp) IAk; fzf;fplj; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xU ehisf;F ehk; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;ba rhptpfpj czTg; gl;baiyAk; fNyhhpfis fzf;fpLk; Kiw gw;wpAk; xU khjphp ml;ltidia fPNo jUfpNwhk;. fNyhhp/fpuhk; 3.46 3.40 0.40 0.40 1.20 9.00 4.00 fzf;fpLk; Kiw 460 x 3.46 40 x 3.40 40 x 0.40 60 x 0.40 150 x 1.20 40 x 9.00 30 x 4.00 nkhj;j fNyhhpfs; fNyhhpapd; epfu msT 1591 136 16 24 180 360 120 2452

ehnshd;Wf;Fj; Njitg;g Lk; fNyhhpapd; msT

t. vz; 1 2 3 Ntiyapd; jd;ik vspa Ntiy kpjkhd Ntiy fbdkhd Ntiy Njitg;gLk; fNyhhp (Mz;fs;) 2400 2800 3900 Njitg;gLk; fNyhhp (ngz;fs;) 1900 2200 3000 1ypUe;J 3 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; 1200

4ypUe;J 6 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; 1500

10 ypUe;J 12 tajpw;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs; 2100

jtpHf;f Ntz;bait
Ng hi jg; n ghU l; f sh d k J> Gi fg pbj ; j y; Fl;f h tiffs; > Nghij kUe; J Nghd;w tw;i w K w ; w h f j ; j t p H f ; f N t z ; L k ; . Jh p j c z T tiffshd (Fast Food) I]; fphPk;> rhf;N yl;> nraw;if FspHghd tiffs; Nghd;wtw;iw jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; g;hprHNtl;lH Nghd;w Ntjpg; nghUl;fs; cly; eyj; jpw;Ff; NfL tpistpf; Fk; . td];g jp Nghd; w Rj; j pfhpf; f g; g l; l czT (Refined Foods) fisAk;> nts;is ikjh Nghd;w kpfr; R j ; j p f h p f ; f g ; g l ; l i t f i s A k ; (Processed Food) Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tJ ey;yJ. xNu vz;izia gy Kiw cgNahfg;g Lj;jf; $lhJ.

rikay; vz;iz XH njspT

rikay; vz;izapy; nfhOg;Gr; rj;J mjpfkhf cs;sJ. nfhOg;Gr; rj;Jf;fis ,uz;L tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;. 1) KOikailahj nfhOg;G (Poly Unsaturated Acid) 2) KOikaile;j nfhOg;G (Saturated Fatty Acid) ,jpy; Kjy;tiff; nfhOg;gpy; mjpf jPq;Ffs; ,y;iy. ,it ,uj;jf; Fohapy; gbahJ. ,jpYs;s Linolic Acid nfhy];l;uhiy Fiwf;Fk; jd;ikAilaJ. ,uz;lhk; tifjhd; kpf Mgj;jhdJ. ,jpy; cs;s nfhOg;Gf;fs; ,uj;jf; Fohapy; gbe;J ngUk; Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $baJ.

thrfHfs; !-fUj; J!
md;gpw;;Fhpa ~Rtdg;ghij= thrfHfNs!!! Rtdg;ghijapy; gpuRukhFk; fl;Liufs; kw;W k; Mf;fq;fs; Fwpj;j cq;fs; Nkyhd fUj;J f;fis ~Rtdg;ghij= gj;jphpf;i ff; FO tuNtw;fpwJ. cq;fspd; fUj;J f;fs;> vz;z q;fs;> cq;fspd; vOj;J g; gilg;G fs; vd vJthfpDk; fPo ;fz;l Kfthpf;F kly; %ykhf my;y J e-mail %ykhf mDg;gyhk;. Mr.Ibrahim(Madani), Tamil Division, P.O.Box-32628, Jeddah-21438, K.S.A email : suvanam@gmail.com

Rtdg;ghij (khj ,jo;)

[khJy; MfpH - 1426

rpy vz;iza;fSk; mjd; nfhOg;G tpfpjq;fSk;

t.vz; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 vz;iza;apd; ngaH rNghyh (fhHb) Mapy; fhHd; Mapy; rd; /gpstH Mapy; Nrhah Mapy; fliy vz;iza; ey;nyz;iza; fLF vz;iza; ghk; Mapy; Njq;fha; vz;iza; nea; KOikailahj nfhOg;G tpfpjk;
(Poly Unsaturated Acid)

KOikaile;j nfhOg;G tpfpjk;

(Saturated Fatty Acid)

73.3 57.4 52 50.8 31

9.4 12.7 17 15 17.4

18.1 9 1.8 0.0

5.5 53 86.3 64.2

vdNt KOikaile;j nfhOg;Gf;fs; mjpfkhf cs; s Njq; f ha; vz; n za; > nea; > ghk; Mapy; Nghd;wtw;iw jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;tNjhL rNghyh fhHb Mapy;> fhHd; Mapy;> rd; /gpstH Nghd;w rikay; vz;iza;fis gad;gLj;jp MNuhf;fpak; fhg;gPH.

Nehaw;w tho;Nt! Fiwtw;w nry;tk;!!

kdpj tho;f;ifapy; kuzk; vd;gJ jLj;J epWj;j Kbahj xd;W> vdpDk; ehk; cly; eyj;Jld; tho Kaw;rpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tsT tp\aq;fis ek; tho; tpy; eilKiwg; g Lj; J tJ rhj; j pak; jhdh? Kad;why; ek;khy; KbAk;. khHf;ff; fz;Nzhl;lj;NjhL Nehf;fpdhy; epr;rak; KbAk; ,d;\h my;yh`;. egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;... Ie;Jf;F Kd; cs;s Ie;jpidg; Ngzpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. 1) KJikf;F Kd; cs;s thypgk; 2) tWikf;F Kd; cs;s nry;tk; 3) Neha;f;F Kd; cs;s MNuhf;fpak; 4) Ntiyf;F Kd; cs;s Xa;T 5) kuzj;jpw;F Kd; cs;s tho;T (Mjhuk; : K];dj; `hf;fpk;)

vdNt cj;jk egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpaJ Nghd;W Neha;f;F Kd; cs;s MNuhf;fpa tho;tpidg; ngw;W mjidj; jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;s kuzj;jpw;F Kd; cs;s tho;tpy; Ntiyf;F Kd; cs;s Xa;tpid cz;gjw;Fk; cwq;Ftjw;Fk; kl;LNk gad;gLj;jhJ ekf;Fk;> ek; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;> r%fj;jpw;Fk;> gilj;j ,iwtDf;Fk; Mw;w Ntz;ba ew;nray;fis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L czTf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; $ba clw;gapw;rp nra;J Nehaw;w tho;T tho vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtd; ekf;F cjtp nra;thdhf! MkPd;!! njhFg; G f;F cjtpait 1) kNdhuhkh ,aH Gf; 2005 2) n`y;j; khj ,jo; [dthp 2005 3) NguhrphpaH fhe;jp kzp vOjpa Nehapd;wp tho vspa topfs; 4) lhf;lH Nyhf kzpad; vOjpa rpj;jkUj;Jtk; $Wk; czNt kUe;J 5) jpdkzp

(ky [yk; fopf;Fk;NghJ filgpbf;f Ntz;ba xOq;Ffs;)

K.L.M.

,];yhkpa xOf;fq;fs;

,g;uh`Pk; kjdp

ky[yk; fopf;Fk; Kiw cl;gl cq;fspd; egp> cq;fSf;F fw;Wf;nfhLj;J tpl;lhHfsh vd ]y;khd; (uyp) mtHfsplj;jpy; A+j kjj;ij NrHe;j xUth; Nfl;l NghJ> Mk;! ky [yk; fopf;Fk; NghJ fpg;yhit ehq;fs; Kd;Ndhf;ff; $lhnjd;Wk;> tyJ ifapdhy; Rj;jk; nra;af;$lhnjd;Wk;> %d;W fw;fSf;F Fiwe;j fw;fisf;nfhz;L Rj;jk; nra;af;$lhnjd;Wk;> ,d;Dk; vYk;G (kpUfq;fspd;) tpl;ilfisf; nfhz;L Rj;jk; nra;af; $lhnjd;Wk; egpatHfs; jil nra;jhHfs;. mwptpg;gtH: ]y;khd; (uyp)> Mjhuk;: K];ypk; md;Gs;s rNfhjuHfNs? rpe;jpj;Jg;ghUq;fs;! ky [yk; fopf;Fk; Kiwiaf;$l egp (]y;) mtHfs; fw;Wj; je;jpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd;why; ,];yhj;jpy; fw;Wj;ju

Ntz; b a vijahtJ egpatHfs; fw; W j; j uhky; tpl;bUg;ghh;fsh? ,y;yNt ,y;iy. MfNt egpatHfspd; xt;nthU Rd;dj;Jf;fisAk; ehk; Ngzp elf;Fk; NghJ ky [yk; fopg;gJ $l ew; $ypf;fhd xd; whf fUjg;gLk;. egpatHfspd; xt;nthU Rd;dj;Jf;fisAk; Ngzp elg;gjw;F ek; midtUf;Fk; my;yh`; tha;g;gspg;ghdhf.

ky [yk; fopf;Fk; Kiwfs; gpd;tUkhW

1 . fpg;yhit Kd;N dhf;fpNah gpd;N dhf;fpNah ky [yk; fopf;f f; $ lhJ ePq;fs; ky [yk; fopf;Fk; NghJ fpg;yhit Kd;Ndhf;fTk; Ntz;lhk;> gpd;Ndhf;fTk; Ntz;lhk; vd

Rtdg;ghij (khj ,jo;)

[khJy; MfpH - 1426

egp (]y;) mtHfs; jil nra;jhHfs;. Mjhuk; :- e]hap 2 . fl ; b l j ; j p w ; F s ; fp g ; y h i t Kd; N dh f; f p > gpd;N dhf;f p ky [yk; fopg;gjpy; jtwpy;i y xU ehs; `/g;]h (uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;bw;F Nky; ehd; VwpNdd;> mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; \hk; Njrj;ij Kd;Ndhf;fpAk; fpg;yhit gpd;Ndhf;fpAk; ky [yk; fopg;gij ehd; ghHj;Njd; vd mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ckH (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. Mjhuk; :- jpHkpjp 3 . ky [y $lj;j pw;F s; EioAk; NghJ ,lJ fhiy Kd; itj;J gpd; tUk; JMit Xj Ntz;L k; my;yh`{k;k ,d;dp mCJ gp(f;)f kpdy; FG]p ty; fghap]p nghUs; :- ,iwth! Mz;> ngz; i\j;jhd;fspd; jPqFfis tpl;Lk; ehd; cd;dplk; ghJfhty; NjLfpNwd;. ; 4 . fl; b lkpy; y hj ntsp ,lq;f spy; ky [yk; fopf;Fk; NghJ kw;wtHfs; ghHf;fhj msTf;F J}ukhfpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. egp (]y;) mtHfs; kyk; fopf;fr; nrd;why; kw;w ahUk; mtHfis ghHf;f hj msTf; F (J}ukhf) nry;thHfs;. Mjhuk; :- mG+jhT+j; egpatHfs; ky [yk; fopf;f tpUk;gpdhy; G+kpia neUq;Fk; tiuf;Fk; jd; Milia caHj;jkhl;lhHfs;. Mjhuk;; :- jpHkpjp> mG+jhT+j; 5 . tyJ fuj;j hy; Rj;j k; nra;a f;$lhJ cq;fspy; xUtH ky [yk; fopf;f Eioe;jhy; jd; Mz; cWg;ig jd; tyJ ifapdhy; njhlf;$lhJ vd egp (]y;) mtHfs; jil nra;jhHfs;. Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j;> e]hap 6 . fw;fisf; nfhz;L Rj;jk; nra;ayhk;> vdpDk; jz;zPiuf; nfhz;L Rj;jk; nra;tNj rpwe;jJ cq;fspy; xUtH ky [yk; fopf;fr; nrd;why; Rj; j k; nra; a f; $ ba %d; W fw; f isf; vLj; J r; nry;yl;Lk;> mJ Rj;jk; nra;tjw;Fg; NghJkhdJ vd egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. Mjhuk;: mG+jhT+j; jz;zPiuf; nfhz;L Rj;jk; nra;j Fgh thrpfis my;yh`; Gfo;e;J $Wfpwhd;. ghpRj;jkhf ,Ug;gijNa tpUk;Gk; (rpwe;j) kdpjHfs; mjpy; ,Uf; f pd; w dH> my; y h`; T k; (,j; j ifa) ghpRj;jkhf ,Ug;Nghiu Nerpf;fpd;whd;. (9:108) egp (]y;) mtHfs; fopg;giwf;Fs; Eioe;jhy; ehDk; vd;idg; Nghd;w xU rpWtUk; egpatHfSf;F jz;zPH ghj;jpuj;ij Rke;J nry;Nthk;. egpatHfs; mijf; nfhz;L Rj;jk; nra;thHfs;. Mjhuk; :-e]hap 7 . %d; W fw; f is tpl Fiwe; j nfhz;L k; Rj;j k; nra;a yhk; fw; f isf;

mRj;jkhdnjd;W tPrptpl;lhHfs; vd mG+ cigjh (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. Mjhuk; :- jpH;kpjp 8 . cl;fhHe;J nfhz;L ky [yk; fopf;f Ntz;Lk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; epd;W nfhz;L rpWePh; fopj;jjhf ahuhtJ cq;fSf;F $wpdhy; mij ePq;fs; ek;g Ntz;lhk;> egpatHfs; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;Ljhd; rpWePh; fopj;jpUf;fpwhHfs; mwptpg;gtH. Map\h (uyp)> Mjhuk;: e]hap 9. eph; g ; g e; j khd #o; e piyfspy; epd;W nfhz;L rpWePH fopf;f yhk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; xU $l;lj;jhhpd; Fg;ig Nkl;Lf;F te;J mjd; kPJ epd;W nfhz;L rpWePH fopj;jhh;fs;. Mjhuk; :- jpH;kpjp> mG+jhT+j; 1 0 . kdpjHfs; fisg; g hWk; ,lk; > kuepoy; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; fopf; f f; $ lhJ eilghij> ky [yk;

kdpjHfs; fisg;ghWk; ,lk;> eil ghij> epoy; (Nghd;w) ,k; %d;W ,lq;fspy; ky [yk; fopj;J (mjdhy; kf;fspd;) rhgj;ij ngWtij jtpHe;J nfhs;Sq;fs; vd egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. Mjhuk; :- mG+jhT+j; 1 1 . Njq;f pf; fplf;F k; jz;zPh py; rpWePh; fopf;f f; $ lh J xO nra;af;$ba> my;yJ Fspf;ff;$ba Njq;fpf; fplf;Fk; jz;zhpy; rpWePh; fopf;ff;$lhJ vd egp (]y;) P mtHfs; jil nra;Js;shh;fs;. Mjhuk; :- e]hap 1 2 . ky [yk; fopj;j gpd; ifia Rj;jk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; egp (]y;) mtHfs; ky [yk; fopj;J (Rj;jk; nra;j) gpd; kz;zpy; jd; ifia Nja;jJ (Rj;jk; nra;jhHfs;). ; Mjhuk;: e]hap 13. rpWePH fopf;Fk; NghJ ]yhk; nrhy;yg;gl;lhy; mjw;F tpilaspf; f f;$ lhJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; rpWePH fopj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mtHfSf;F gf;fj;jpy; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j xU kdpjH egpatHfSf;F ]yhk; $wpdhH> mjw;F egpatHfs; tpilaspf;ftpy;iy. Mjhuk;: e]hap 1 4 . rpWePH fopj;J Rj;jk; nra;ahjjpdhy; fpilf;Fk; jz; l id egp (]y;) mtHfs; ,uz;L fg;Uf;F gf;fj;jpy; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mt;tpU fg;UfspYs;stHfSk; Ntjid nra; a g; g Lfpd; w hHfs; > (Mdhy; ) ngUk; tp\aj;jpy; mt;tpUtUk; Ntjid nra;ag;gltpy;iy> mjpy; xUtH rpWePH fopj;jhy; Rj;jk; nra;akhl;lhh;> kw;wtH Nfhs;nrhy;ypj; jphpgtuhf ,Ue;jhH vd egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. Mjhuk;: e]hap 1 5 . fopg;g iwapypUe; J ntspahFk; NghJ tyJ fhiy Kd;i tj;J gpd; tUk; JMit Xj Ntz;L k; F/g;uhd(f;)f nghUs; :- cd;dplk; ght kd;dpg;Gj; NjLfpNwd;. Mjhuk;: jpHkpjp

egp (]y; ) mtHfs; ky [yk; fopg; g jw; F nry;Yk;N ghJ %d;W fw;fisf; nfhz;L tUk;gb vd;dplk; $wpdhHfs;> ehd; ,uz;L fw;fisAk; xU tpl;iliaAk; nfhz;L te;Njd;> ,uz;L fw;fisAk; v Lj ; Jf; n fhz ; L t pl ; i li a ( g hH j ; J ,J )

Rtdg;ghij (khj ,jo;)

[khJy; MfpH - 1426

y;yh`; gilj;j ghY}l;bfs; midj;jpYk; jpkpq; f pyk; kpf tpj; j pahrkhd rpy jftikg;Gfisg; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. jd; tho; ehs; KOJk;; jz;zPupNyNa fopf;ff;$ba xNu ghY}l; b ~jpkpq; f pyk; = xd; W jhd; . NkYk; ehd;fhapuj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l ghY}l;b ,dq;fspy; kPdfis ; xj;j cly; mikag; ngw;W elf;ff; $ba tifapy; fhy;fs; mikg;igg; ngwhj xNu capupdKk; jpkpq;fpyk; xd;Wjhd;. ,JTk; my;yh`;Tila gilg;Gf;fspy; tpjptpyf;fhd mk;rkhFk;. NkYk; ,itfspd; jiyapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; mike;Js;s Blow hole vd;w Rthrf; Foha; m ik g; G Ei ua P uY ld ; Ne ub a hf , iz f; fg ; gl;Ls;sjhYk; kw;w ghYl;bfisg; Nghd;W njhz;ilapd; %yk; Rthrk; nry;y Ntz;ba mikg;G ,y;yhjjdhYk; xNu Neuj;jpy; ,itfspdhy; cz;zTk; Rthrpf;fTk; ,aYfpd;wJ. ,e;j mikg;Gk; ,tw;wpw;F ,iwtdhy; gpuj;jpNafkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;l mUl; nfhilahFk;. nghJthf vy;yh ghY}l;bfSf;Fk; ,Uf;ff;$ba gpj;jg; ig (gall bladder) kw;Wk; Fly; thy;T (appendix) Nghd; w cs; cWg; G f; f s; ,y; y hj mikg; G fs; tpjptpyf;fhd mk;rkhf jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,e;j cyfpy; thof;$ba capupdq;fspy; kpfg; ngupaJk; ,Jtiu fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l ilNdhrh;fspd; vYk;Gf; $Lfspy; kpfg; ngupa mstpid xj;j cly; msitAk; ngw;W gy rpwg;G mk;rq;fSld; my;yh`;Tila gilg;gpd; ty;yikiag; giwr;rhw;Wk; ,e;j jpkpq;fpyq;fis gw;wp tpupthf ghh;g;Nghk;.

jpkpq;fpyk;

(Whale)
E.

c];khd; myp

ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wd. fUg;G> nts;is> ePyk; kw;Wk; gy tz; zq;fspYk; 24 kPl;lh; ePsk; Kjy; 1.25 kPl;lUf;Ff; Fiwthd ePsk; tiuAk; cg;G ePh; kw;Wk; ed;dPupYk; thof;$bajhfTk; cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh fly;fspYk; kw;Wk; rpy tiffs; mNkrhd;> rPdhtpd; kpfg; ngupa Mwhd ahq;l;[pYk; kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpd; fq;if Mw;wpYk; thof;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 10 Kjy; 16 khj fhy mstpy; tpj;jpahrkhd fh;g;g fhyq; f is cs; s lf; f pajhfTk; tpsq; F fpd; w J. lhy;gpd; GnuhNghrp]; Nghd;witfs; cl;gl jpkpq;fpyk; ,dj;ij Nrh;e;jitahFk;. fPo; fhZk; glk; mNkrhd; Mw;wpy; thOk; Pink lhy;gpd; MFk;.

tpQ; Q hdpfs; jpkpq; f pyq; f is ,U ngUk; gpupTfshfg; gpupf;fpd;whh;fs;. xd;W gw;fs; cs;sit. thapd; ,U Gwq;fspYk; typikahd jhilfSld; $ba gw;fSilait. kw;wJ gw;fs; mw;wit my;yJ baleen vd;w mikg;igg; ngw;w baleen jpkpq;fpyq;fs;. gw;fs; cs;s tiffspy; Sperm whale, Beaked, Narwhals, Beluga, Dolphin kw;Wk; Porpoises Nghd;w tiffSk; gw;fs; mw;witfspy; Rorquals, Gray whales, Right whales vd;w %d;W tiffSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

gw;fSila jpkpq;fpy tiffs;

gw;fs; cs;s tiffspy; 1.5 kPl;lUf;F Fiwthd 18 kP l ; l h; eP s Kk; 55 ld; tiu gy tiffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jpy; gy tpaf;fj;jf;f rpwg;gk;rq;fSld; tpsq;Fk; Sperm whale gw;wpg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
Horbor porpoise Kjy; vilAila Sperm whale Sperm whale typikah d gw; fisf; nfh z; l jpkpq;fpyq;fspy; Kjd;ikahd ,lj;ij tfpf;Fk; tifiar; Nrh;e;jjhFk;. ,it ,j;jifa gw;fs; mikg; i g ngw; W tpsq; F tjdhy; kpfg; ngupa mstpyhd kPdfisf; $l xNu Neuj;jpy; gpbj;J tpOq;f ; Kbfpd; w J. ,it jq; f spd; Kf; f pa czthf cl;nfhs;Sk; Gaint squid vd;Dk; kPd; ,dj;jpd; ePsk; 10 kPllh; vd;W nrhd;dhy; ,tw;wpd; thapd; msitAk; ; gw;fspd; ty;yikiaAk; ek;khy; czu Kbfpd;wJ.

jpkpq;fpyk; vd;Wr; nrhd;dTld; ekf;F kpfg; ngupa mstpyhd kP d hfj; j hd; epidTf; F tUfpd; w J. ,itfs; gy tifapYk; kPd;fis xj;jpUg;gpDk; $l ,J kPd; ,dj;ijj; rhuhj ghY}l;b MFk;. kPd;fs; Fsph; ,uj; j capup MFk; . NkYk; ,itfs; jz;zUf;fbapy; jq;fs; nrtpy;fs; %yk; Mf;]p[id P fpufpf; F k; mikg; i gg; ngw; W s; s it. Mdhy; jpkpq;fpyq;fs; ntg;g ,uj;j gpuhzp MFk;. ,itfspd; cly; ntg;g epiy kdpjid Nghd;N w 37 bfpup nry;rpa]; MFk;. ,itfs; kw;w ghY}l;bfisg; Nghd;Nw EiuaPuy; mikg;ig ngw;W tpsq;Ftjhy; jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd Mf; ] p[id jz; z P u pd; Nkw; g ug; g py; te;Jjhd; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s ,aYk;. jp kp q; fpyj; jp y; 75 -f; F Nk w; gl ; l ti ffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Xt;nthd;Wk; jdpj;jdp Fzhjpraq;fisg;

,it xU Kiw Rthrpj;jjpd; gpd;dh; 80 epkplq;fs; tiu jz;zPupd; mbapy; ,itfspdhy; jhf;Fg; gpbf;f ,aYfpd;wJ. ,tw;wpd; cly; mstplw;fwpa fly; ePupd; mOj;jj;ij jhq;ff;$ba tifapy; mike;Js;sJ. ,it jq;fs; ,iuiaj; Njb flypd; Moj;jpw;F

Rtdg;ghij (khj ,jo;)

[khJy; MfpH - 1426

nry;Yk; J}uk; ve;j ghY}l;bfspdhYk; mila Kbahj xH ,yf;fhFk;. 1000 kPl;lh; (1 fpNyh kPl;lh;) Kjy; 2000 kPl;lh; (,uz;L fpNyh kPl;lh;) Mok; tiu nry;yf; $ba Mw;wy; ngw;wJ. Rg`hdy;yh`;. ,t;tsT Mof; flypd; ntspr;rk; mwNt ,y;yhj mlh;e;j ,Uspy; ,iuia gpbf;f gad;gLj;Jk; cj;jp vjpnuhyp (echo location) %yk; ,iuapd; ,Ug;gplj;ij Jy;ypakhf mwpe;Jf; nfhs;Sk; KiwahFk;. ,itfs; ruhrupahf x U e h i s f; F 1 5 0 0 fp N yh t i u c z i t cl;nfhs;Sfpdd;wd. ,jd; Kf;fpa czthd 10 kPl;lh; ePsKs;s Gaint squid gpbj;J cz;Zk; NghJ rpy rkak; ,itfSf;fpilNa rz;il Vw;gl;L Sperm Whale clypy; kpf Mokhd ntl;Lf; fhaj;ij Vw;gLj;jp tpLfpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk; $l Kbtpy; mtw;iw fgsPfuk; nra;a ,it jtWtjpy;iy. ,it jq;fspd; czitg; gpbj;J cz;ljpd; gpd;dh; jz;zupd; Nkw;gug;gpw;F te;J P 10 Kjy; 15 epkplq;fs; tiu fhw;iw ed;F Rthrpj;J Mf;]p[id Nrkpj;J kPz;Lk; Mo; fliy Nehf;fp jq;fs; gazj;ij njhlh;fpd;wd. Sperm Whale kdpjdpd; %isiaf; fhl;bYk; mstpd; vilapy; ngupa %isAila ghY}l;bfs; ,uz;Nl ,uz;Ljhd;. Xd;W ahid kw;wJ jpkpq;fpyj;jpDila %isahFk;. cyfpy; cs;s ghY}l;bfspy; (my;yJ capupdq;fspy;) kpfg; ngupa %isAilaJ vd;w rpwg;Gk; ,jw;F cz;L. jpkpq;fpy tiffspy; kpf mjpf fh;g;gf; fhykhd 16 khj fh;g;g fhyk; ,jDilajhFk;. ,it 60 Kjy;

70 tUlk; caph; thof;$baJ.

gw;f s; mw;w Baleen jpkpq;f pyq;fs;

gw;fs; cs;s jpkpq;fpyq;fSf;Fk; gw;fs; mw;w gyPd; jpkpq;fpyq;fSf;Fk; ,iuia gpbf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwapy; kpf ngupa mstpyhd tpj; jpahrq;f s; cs;sd. Baleen jpkpq;fpyq;fspd; thapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; njhq;ff;$ba mikg;gpy; mike;j cWjpahd ePzl ; rPg;Gf; fisg; Nghd;w tise;Jf; nfhLf; ff; $ba j d ; i ki a f; n fhz ; l , J j hd ; g yP d ; v d ; W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Green land Right whale vd;wiof;fg;gLk; Mh;bf; jpkpq;fpyq;fspd; gyPd; jfLfs; mjpf gl;rkhf ehd;F kPl;lh; ePsk; tiu tsuf; $baJ. ,itfs; gf;fj; jpw;F 270 Kjy; 360 vz;zpf;if tiuAk; tsuf;$baJ. gyPd; jpkpq;fpyq;fs; jq;fs; tha;fspy; cl;nfhs;Sk; ld; fzf;fhd jz;zPiu jpUk;gg; gParrp ; ; ntspNaw;Wtjd; %yk; ,e;j gyPd; jfLfspdhy; tbfl;lg; gl;Lr; rpf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; rpwpa gpshq;ld; kw;Wk; rpwpa tif kPdfis czthf cl;nfhs;fpd;wd. ; ,e;j gyPdfs; Kf;Nfhz tbtpy; mike;Js;sd. thapd; ; cl; G wj; j py; mike; j ,itfspd; ntspg; G wk; NeuhdjhfTk; mjd; cl;Gwk; ,Ug;Gwq;fspYk; Nja;e;j mikg;gpYk; mike;Js;sjhy; kpfr; rpwpa mstpyhd capupdq;fs; $l ,tw;wpd; thapypUe;J jg;g pf;f ,aYtjpy;iy. (Kjiy thapy; khl;Ltij tpl ,jd; thapy; khl;LtJ Mgj;J NghYk;). ,d;\h my;yh`; njhlHr;rp mLj;j ,jopy; nra;a Ntz;baJ rpWePh; igapd; (URINARY BLADER) ghijia fz;fis my;y. ,t;thW cWg;Gf;fs; xt;n thd;Wk; fz;N zhL rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,e;j cWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gLk; ,af;f epiy khWghLfs; jhd; fz;fspy; Nehahf gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. fz;fspy; ekf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs; Nehay;y. cWg;Gfspy; Vw;gLk; Nehapd; gpujpgypg;Gfs; jhd;. Nehapd; %yk; cly; cWg;Gfspy; (tapW> gpj;jg;ig> rpWePh; ig> ngUq;Fly;) jhd; gJq;fpAk; Njq;fpAk; fplf;fpd;wd. vdNt fz; Neha;fSf;F %y fhuzk; fz;fs; fpilahJ. fz;fis xsp gilj;j fz;zhf khw;wp mikf;f ehk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L ,af;f Fiwit rhp nra;a Ntz;ba cWg;Gfs; tapW (STOMACH), gpj;jg;ig (GALL BLADER), rpWePh;ig (URINARY BLADER), ngUq;Fly; (LARGE INTESTINE), ,t;thW rpfpr;ir mspg;NghNkahdhy; ehk; gfypy; el;rj;jpuj; ijg; ghh;f;Fk; fz;fisf; nfhz;lth;fshf cUthf KbAk; ,d;\h my;yh`;. ,d;W rPdhtpy; fz;zhb mzpe;jth;fs; kpf kpf nrhw;gNk. mjw;F fhuzk; mth;fs; ngWk; njspthd rpfpr;irNa. njspthd Kiwahd rpfpr;irapd; %yNk ehk; mofhd fz;fis ghJfhf;f KbAk;> ,y;iy vd;why; Cik tpopfshf cUkhwptpLk;. mf;FgQ;rh; kUj;Jtk; Nkw;fz;l rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; nray;gLtjhy; jhd; 5000 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf fz; Neha;fis kl;Lky;y vy;yh Neha;f isAk; NthpypUe;J fise;J g+uz MNuhf;fpaj;ij kdpj Fyj;jpw;F toq;fp tUfpd;wJ.

xsp gilj;j fz;zpdha;... Kjy; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...

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[khJy; MfpH - 1426

ghpeJiu ahUf;F..?(njhlH - 3) ;
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Rtdj;jpw;F ifiag; gpbj;J mioj;Jr; nry;gtu;fs; mt;ypahf;fs;> ehjhf;fs;> ,khk;fs;> ngupahu;fs; vd;W mu;j;jkpy;yhkYk; Mjhukpy;yhkYk; nrhy;gtu;fSf;F gupe;Jiu ngWtjw;F ehk; Mw;w Ntz;ba gzpfs; vd;d? vd;gij Fu;Md; `jP]; xspapy; myRNthk;. cj;jk jpUegp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,sikapNyNa je;ijjhia ,oe;J ghl;ldhupd; gupT ghrj;jpy; tsu;e;j fhyNkh kpfkpf FiwT. ghl;ldhupd; kiwTf;Fg;gpd; egp (]y;) mtu;fis vLj;J tsu;j;J md;igr; nrhupe;jtu; ngupa je;ij mGjhypg; mtu;fs;.; rpW tajpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fis rpupahTf;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W thzpgj;Jld; cs;s njhlu;igf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;j Muk;g Mrhd;. Nfhhpf;nfhz;bUg;Ngd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mg;NghJjhd;> ~,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gtHfs; eufthrpfs; jhk; vd;gJ ed;F njspthfptpl;l gpd;dUk; - mtHfs; neUq;fpa cwtpdHfshf ,Ue;jhYk; mtHfSf;fhf ghtkd;dpg;Gf; Nfhhpg; gpuhHj;jpg;gjw;F egpf;F k;> ek;gpf;ifahsHfSf;Fk; chpikapy;i y= vDk; (jpUf; FHMd; 9:113 tJ) ,iwtrdk; mUsg; g l; l J. ]`P ` ; Gfhup 4675> mwptpg;ghsh;: K]a;ag; ,g;D `]d; (uyp).

, i z i t f; F k ; v t U f; F k ; g h t k d ; d p g ; N g h gupfhuNkhapy;iy vd;gij cWjpahf tpsf;FfpwJ Nkw;$wpa `jP];. gilj;j ,iwtdpd; gNuhgfhuk;> gupT fpl;lhJ vd;gJ xUGwkpUf;f ,izitg;gtUf;Fg; Vfj;Jtg; gpur;rhuj;Jf;F <L nfhLf;f Kbahj ght kd;dpg;G NfhUtijf;$l jil nra;fpwhd; gilj;j Fiw\pa nfhLikahsu;fs; t y;Nyhd;. mGjhypg; mG jhypgp lk; egp fsh iu rk;ke;jkhd kw;nwhU ,izitg;igNa g o f;fk h ff; mlf; f p itAq; f s; vd; W e g p n k h o p i a g ; g h U q ; fs ; . n fh z ; b U f; F k ; v k ; r Kjh a m w p ah j md;Gld; nrhy;ypg; ghu;j;jdu;> mg;gh]; ,g;D mg;jpy; Kj;jypg; kf;f Sf;F ahu; vLj;Jr;n rhy;tJ? Fu;Md; Fyk; Nfhj; j puk; Nghd; w (uyp) mwptpj; j hu; f s; ehd; > `jPi]g; NgRfpNwhk; vd;W n g U i k f i s r ; n r h y; yp ,iwj;J}jH mtHfNs! nrhy; y f; $ ba ehKk; gpwiu tpku; r pf; f kpul; b Ak; ghu; j ; j du; . xU m g+ jhypg; m tHfSf;F vLj;J f;n fhs;S k; vs;K id mf;f iwia ifapy; re;j puidAk; kW VNjDk; (gpujp) cgfhuk; ,t;t p\aj;j py; nrYj;j pdhy; topNfl;b y; ifapy; #upaidf; n ra;j PHfs h? V nddpy;> nry; Y k; kf; f isj; jLj; J ed; i kia nfhLj;jhYk;> jhd; nfhz;l jq;fis mtH V tp j ; j Pi k ia j ; jL j ;j gh f ;f p ak ; nfhs;ifapy; khwhj ghJfhg;gtuhfTk; jq;fSf;fhf ngw; w tuhNthk; . cWjpAld; jpfo;e;j (j q; f s; vj php fsp d; kP J) egpfshiu r%fg;gfp];fhuk; Nfhgg;gLgtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhNu! vd;Dk; Cu; ePf;f cj;juitf; nfhz;L Fiw\pa vd;W Nfl;Nld;> egp (]y;) mtHfs;> Mk;; mtH ,g;NghJ nfhLikahsu;fs; Jd;GWj;jpa NghJk; mz;zy; egp (fZf;fhy; tiu jPz;Lk;) rpwpjsT euf neUg;gpNyNa (]y; ) mtu; f Sf; F me; j Neuj; j pYk; md; G ld; c s; sh H. e h d; , y; iya hd hy; m tH e ufpd ; mutizj;J MjuT ey;fpatu; mGjhypg; Mthu;. mbj;jsj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wpUg;g hH vd;W $wpdhHfs;. (]`P`; Gfhup - 6208) nkhj;jj;jpy; Vfj;Jtg; gpur;rhuk; Klq;fp tplhky; KO %r;Rld; elf;f kpfTk; xj;Jiog;G ey;fpatu; mGjhypg;. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; ngupa je;ij mGjhypg; Neha;tha;g;gl;L kuzg; gLf;ifapypUf;Fk; NghJ cj;jk jpUegp (]y;) mtu;fs; jkJ ngupa je;ijahu; <khd; nfhz;L <Nlw;wk; ngw;W Rtd tho;it Ritf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w caupa Nehf;fpy; mtiu mZfpaij tpsf;Fk; egpnkhopiag; ghUq;fs;. egp (]y;) mtHfspd; nghpa je;ij mg+ jhypGf;F kuzNtis te;jNghJ mtuUfpy; mg+ [`;Yk;> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D mgP cka;ahTk; ,Uf;f> egp (]y;) mtHfs; te;J> vd; nghpa je;ijNa! ~yh,yh` , y ; y y ; y h ` ; = ( t z f; f j ; j p w ; F h p a , i w t d ; my; y h`; i tj; jtpu NtnwtUkpy; i y) vd; W nrhy; Y q; f s; . ehd; my; y h`; t plk; jq; f Sf; f hf thjhLNtd; vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mg; N ghJ mg+ [`; Y k; > mg; J y; y h`; ,g; D cka;ahTk;> mg+ jhypNg! (cq;fs; jfg;gdhH) mg;Jy; Kj;jypg; mtHfspd; khHf;fj;ijah ePq;fs; ntWj;J xJf;fg;NghfpwPHfs;? vd;W Nfl;ldH. egp (]y;) mtHfs;> (nghpa je;ijNa!) cq; fSf;fhfg; ghtkd;d pg;G f; Nfhuf; $ lhJ vd; W ,iwtdhy; vdf; F j; jil tpjpf;fg;gLk;tiu ehd; (cq;fSf;fhfg; ghtkd;dpg;Gf; kw;nwhU egpnkhopia mg+ ]aPj; my;Fj;hp (uyp) mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;> egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; mtHfspd; nghpa je;ij mg+ jhypg; mtHfisg; gw;wpf; $wg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ mtHfs;> mtUf;F vd; ghpe;Jiu kWik ehspy; gadspf;ff; $Lk;; (mjdhy;) euf neUg;G mthpd; (KO cliyAk; jPzlhky;) fZf;fhy;fs; tiu kl;LNk ; jPz;Lk;gb Mf;fg;glyhk;. (Mdhy;) mjdhy; mthpd; %isapd; %yg;gFjp (jfpj;Jf;) nfhjpf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;y ehd; Nfl;Nld;. (]`P`; Gfhup - 6564). egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; gupe;Jiuf;Fg; gpd;dUk; $l mGjhypg; jz;bf;fg;gl;l nra;jpia Nkw;$wpa ,U `jP];fSk; njuptpf;fpd;wd. ,izitg;gpd; epoy; gl;Ltpl;lhy; gupe;Jiu fpl;lhJ vd;gJ xUGwkpUf;fl;Lk; ghtkd; d pg; G Nfl; g ij$l my; y h`; `uhkhf Mf; f ptpl; l hd; > ,g; g bapUf; f ,izitg; i gNa gof;fkhff; nfhz;bUf;Fk; vk; rKjha mwpahj k f ; f S f ; F a h u ; v L j ; J r ; n r h y; t J ? F u ; M d ; `jPi]g; NgRfpNwhk; vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba ehKk; gpwiu tpku; r pf; f vLj; J f; n fhs; S k; vs; K id mf ;fi wia ,t;tp\ aj;j py; nr Yj;j pdh y; topNfl;by; nry;Yk; kf;fisj; jLj;J ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;j ghf;fpak; ngw;wtuhNthk;.

Rtdg;ghij (khj ,jo;)

[khJy; MfpH - 1426

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]{[_J nra; g tHfshfTk; ; my; y h`; t plkpUe; J (mtd;) mUisAk; (mtDila) jpUg; nghUj; j j; i jAk; tpUk; g p Ntz; L gtHfshfTk; mtHfis ePH fhz;gPH; mtHfSila m ilahsk ht J mt HfSila Kfq;fspy; ( ne w ; w p ap y; ) ]{ [ _J il a m i la h sk p Uf; F k ; ,JNt jt;whj;jpYs;s mtHfspd; cjhuzkhFk;> ,d ; [ P y pYs ; s mtHfsJ cjh uzkh tJ xU gapiug; Nghd;wJ mJ jd; Kisiaf; fpsg;gp(a gpd;) mij gyg;gLj;JfpwJ gpd;dH mJ gUj;Jf; fdk h fp > g p w F t p t r h a p fi s k fp o ; t i l a r ; nra; A k; tpjj;j py;> mJ jd; mbj;j z;b d; kPJ epkpHe;J nrt;itahf epw;fpwJ ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L epuhfhpg; g tHfis mtd; Nfhg %l; L fpwhd; M d hy; mt Hfsp y; v t Hfs ; <k h d ; n fhz ; L ]hyp`hd (ey; y ) mky; f s; nra; f pwhHfNsh mtHfSf;F my; y h`; kd;d pg;i gAk; > kfj;j hd ew;$ypiaAk; thf;fspf;fpd;whd;. (my;Fh;Md; 48:29). xU ,iw tpRthrpapd; jd;ik> mtdpd; nray;fs;> mtdpd; ,yf;fzk; ,g;gbj;jhd; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w epajpia epu;zapj;j ,iwtd; tpRthrpfSf;F $ypahf Rtdj;ij jUtJld; epuhfupg;Nghu; (mtdpd; Nkw;$wpa ,yf; f zq; f Sf; F khwhfr; ) nra; A k; mky; f is mq;ffupf;fhky; mtHfis Nfhg%kl;Ltij Nkw;$wpa P mUs;kiw trdk; tpsf;FfpwJ. k Wikapy; ght kd;dpg;N g fpilf;fhj ,izitg;igj; jtpu;e;J nfhs;s ,iwtd; $Wk; kw;n whU tpsf;fj;ijg; ghUq;fs;. ,g;w h`Pk plKk;> mtNuhL ,Ue;jtHfsplKk;> epr;rakhf cq; f Sf; F XH mofpa Kd; k hjphp ,Uf; f pwJ jk; r%fj;j hhplk; mtHfs;> cq; f is tpl; L k;> ,d;Dk; m y;yh ` ;i t a d;w p e Pq ;fs ; tzq; F fpwtw; i w tpl; L k; > ehq; f s; epr; r akhf ePq;fpf; nfhz;N lhk;; cq;fisAk; ehq;fs; epuhfhpj;J tpl;N lhk;; md;w pAk; Vfdhd my; y h`; xUtd; kPN j ePq;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk; tiu> ekf;Fk; c q ; f S f; F k p i l a p y; g i fi k A k ; > n t W g ; G k ; epue;j ukhf Vw;gl;L tpl;l d vd;w hHfs;. (Mdhy;) ,g;wh`Pk; jk; je;ijia Nehf;fp; my;yh`;tplj;jpy; cq; f Sf; f hf (mtDila NtjidapypUe; J ) vijAk; jLf;f vdf;Fr; rf;jp fpilahJ MapDk; cq ; f Sf; f h f ehd ; mtd pl j; j py; epr ; r ak hf kd;dpg;Gj; NjLNtd; vdf; $wpaijj; jtpu (kw;w vy;y htw;w pYk; Kd; khjphpapUf;f pwJ> md;w pAk;> mtH $wp dhH) vq; f s ; ,i wth! cd; i dNa Kw; w pYk; rhHe;j pUf; f pNwhk; ; NkYk;> cd; d plNk vq;fs; kPSjYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. (my;Fh;Md; 60:4) Kd;khjpupfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;ba my;yh`; K\;upf; (,izitg; g hsh; ) je; i jf; F ght kd; d pg; G j; Njlf;$wpaijj; jtpu vd;W gupe;Jiuf;F ngw Ntz;ba gbg; gpidia gf;F tkhf egp ,g; w h`P Pk ; (miy) mtu;fspd; tho;T %yk; ekf;F fw;Wj;jUfpwhd;. egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; gzptpil Gupe;j egpj;Njhou; ugpMgpd; f`;g; (uyp) mtu;fsplk; cj;jk jpUegp (]y;) mtu;fs; ePqfs; tpUk;Gtij vd;dplk; NfSq;fs; vd;W $w ; egpj;N jhoNuh my; yh`;t pd; J}jNu kWikapYk; Rtdj;jpy; cq;fSld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jd;

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Rtdj;jpd; Ritia Efu vd;nwd;Wk; epiyj;J kuzkw;w epj;jpa Rf tho;itaila gilj;jtdpd; mUSk; fUizAk; ngw;w cj;jk jpUegp (]y;) mtu; f spd; gupe; J iuiag; ngw <khd; nfhz; l tpRthrpfs; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?. Fu;Md; `jP]; xspapy; Muha;e;jhy; mjw;Fhpa gjpy; fpilf;fpwJ. t y ; y m y; yh ` ; m U s ; k i w a p y; v t H f s ; ( ,k ; k hHf; f j ; i j) e puhfh pj ; J k; > my; y h`; t pd; g h i j i a t p l ; L k ; ( k d p j Hf i s j ; ) j L j ; J k ; nfhz; b Ue;j hHfNsh> mtHfSila nray;f is (my;yh`;) gadpy;y hky; Mf;f ptpl;l hd; Mdhy;> vt Hfs ; < khd; n fhz; L > ]hyp`h d ( ey; y ) mky;fs ; nra;J> K`k;kJ kPJ ,wf;fp mUsg;gl;l (Ntjj;)jpd; kPJ - ,J mtHfSila ,i wtd plk pU e;J (t e;J )s;s cz;ika hf ,Uf; f pwJ vd; W ek; g pf; i f nfhs; f pwhHfNsh> m tHfSi l a j P i k fis m tHfis tp l ; L k ; Nghf;fp> mtHfSila epiyiaAk; rPuhf;F fpd;whd;. (my;FHMd; 47:1-2). Mf <khd; nfhz;l tpRthrp Mw;w Ntz;ba gzp vg;gb ,Ue;jhy; vd;d gyd; vd;gij ,iwtd; ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhf $wpaijf; fz;Nlhk;. ,dp ,iwtpRthrpapd; ,yf;fzj;ij kw;nwhU mUs;kiw trdk; $Wtijg; ghHg;N ghk;. K ` k ; k J ( ] y; ) m t H f s ; m y ; yh ` ; t p d ; J}juhfNt ,Uf;fpd;whHfs; mtUld; ,Ug;gtHfs;> fh/gpHfsplk; fz;bg;ghdtHfs;> jq;fSf;fpilapy; ,uf;f kpf;f tu; f shfTk; U$/ nra;g tHfshfTk;>

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tpUg;gj;ij Kd; itf;fpwhu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; me;egpj; Njhoiu Nehf;f p eP u ; ckJ tpUg; g k; epiwNtw ][;jhf;fis (rpuk;gzpjiy e/gpyhd njhOiffis) mjpfkhf;fp cjtp GuptPuhf vd;W Nfl;Lf;nfhz;l nra; j pfis `jP ] py; fhz KbfpwJ. kw;n whU egpnkhopapy; fyg;gw;w J}a cs;sj;Jld; fypkh \`hjhit nkhope;J mjpy; cWjpaha; epw;gtu; vd; gupe;Jiuf;Fhpatu; vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpaijAk; ghu;f;fpNwhk;. ]`P`; Gfhupapy; ,lk;n gWk; egpnkhopnahd;W $Wtijg; ghUq;fs;. ghq;F Kbe;j gpd; $Wk; JM g+uzkhd ,e;j miog;gpd; ,ul;rfdhd my;yh`;Nt! epiyahd njhOiff;FhpatNd! K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F t]Pyh vd;w me;j];ijAk; rpwg;igAk; toq;Fthahf! eP thf;fspj;jthW GfOf;Fhpa ,lj;jpy; mtHfis vOg;Gthahf! vd;w JMit XJfpwtUf;F kWik ehspy; vd;Dila ghpe;Jiu fpilj;J tpLfpwJ vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; vd [hgpH ,g;D mg;jpy;yh`; (uyp) mwptpj;jhHfs;. (Gfhup - 614) kw;nwhU mwptpg;gpy; ,g;D ckH (uyp) mwptpjjhHfs;> ; kf;fs; kWik ehspy; gy FOf;fshf Mfp;tpLthHfs;. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpdUk; jj;jk; egpiag; gpd;njhlHe;J nrd;W> ,d;dhNu (vq;fSf;fhf my;yh`;tplk;) ghpe;Jiu nra;Aq;fs; vd;W Nfl;ghHfs;. (xt;nthUtuhfj; jk;khy; ,ayhnjd;W kWj;Jf;nfhz;Nl tu) ,Wjpapy; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; ghpe;Jiu (Nfhhpf;if) nry;Yk;> egp (]y;) mtHfs; my;yh`;tplk; ghpe;Jiug;ghHfs; egpatHfis my;yh`; (kfhK k`;%j; vDk;) caH me;j];jpw;F mDg;Gk; ehspy; ,J elf;Fk;> vd;W ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (njhOif miog;ghd) ghq;F rg;jj;ijf; Nfl;(L Kbf; ) Fk; NghJ ,iwth! ,e; j KOikahd miog; g pw; F k; > epiyepw; f tpUf;F k; njhOiff;F k; mjpgjpNa! K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfSf;F kl;LNk chpj; j hd (Rth; f ; f j; j pd; ) cahplj; i jAk; jdpr; rpwg;igAk; md;dhUf;Fj; je;jUs;thahf! mtHfSf;F eP thf;fspj;Js;s caH me;j];jpw;F mtHfis mDg;gp itg;ghahf! vd;W gpuhHj;jpf;fpwtUf;F kWik ehspy; vd; ghpe; J iu fpilf; F k; > ,ij [hgpH ,g; D

mg;jpy;yh`; (uyp) mwptpj;jhHfs; (Gfhup - 4718-4719). ghq;Nfhir Nfl;lgpd; ehk; nra;Ak; gpuhu;jjidf;Fhpa ; k p fg ; n g U k ; g yi d N k w ; $ w p a e g p n k h o p f s ; ekf;Fzu;j;jpd. cj;jk jpU egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fpahk ehspd; gaq;fuj;ijg; gw;wp ,izitf;Fk; Fiw\paf; FLk;gj;jhiu vr;rupj;jJ vg;gb vd;gij fPo; fhZk; egpnkhop tpsf;FfpwJ. ,g;D mg;g h]; (uyp) mwptpj;jhHfs; (egpNa!) c q;fS il a ne U q ;fp a c w t pdHfSf;F vr; r hpf; i f nra; t P u hf! (mjhtJ>) J}a kdk; gilj; j ck; K ila FOtpdiuAk; (vr; r hpf;i f nra; t P u hf! ) vDk; (jpUf; F HMd; 26:214 tJ) ,iwtrdk; mUsg;g l; lNghJ ,iwj; J}jH (]y;) mtHfs; Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W ]/gh (kiy) kPNjwp cuj;j Fuypy;> ah ]gh`h (mjpfhiy Mgj;J! cjtp! cjtp!) vd;W $wpdhHfs;. mg;NghJ (kf;fh efu) kf;fs;> ahH ,tH? vd;W $wpathW egpatHfsplk; xd;W $bdH. mg; N ghJ egp (]y; ) mtHfs; > ,e; j kiyapd; mbthuj; j pypUe; J (cq; f isj; jhf; F tjw; f hf giftHfspd;) Fjpiug; gilnahd;W Gwg;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;W ehd; cq;fsplk; njhptpj;jhy;> vd;id ePq;fs; ek;GtPHfsh? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. kf;fs;> ck;kplkpUe;J ve; j g; ngha; i aAk; ehq; f s; mDgtpj; j jpy; i y. (mt;thwpUf;f> ,ij ehq;fs; ek;ghky; ,Ug;Nghkh?) vd;W $wpdhHfs;. egp (]y;) mtHfs;> mg;gbnad;why;> fLk; Ntjidnahd; W vjpHNehf; f pAs; s J vd; W cq;fis ehd; vr;rhpf;if nra;fpNwd; vd;whHfs;. (mg;NghJ egpatHfisg; ghHj;J) mg+ y`g;> ckf;F mopTz;lhfl; Lk;! ,jw;fhfj; jhd; vq; fis xd;W $l;bdhah? vd;W Nfl;lhd;. gpd;dH egp (]y;) mtHfs; vOe;jhHfs;. mg;NghJ mopal;Lk; mg+ y`gpd; ,uz;L fuq;fs;; mtDNk mopal;Lk; vDk; (111 tJ) mj;jpahak; mUsg;ngw;wJ (Gfhup - 4719). my;yh`;Tk; mtdpd; jpUj;J}jUk; fhl;bj; je;j topKiwapy; tho;e;J Vtpaijr; nra;J tpyf;fpaijj; jtpu;e;J> kWik tho;itr; nrk;ikg;gLj;jNt ,g;GtpAf tho;f;ifia ehk; gad;gLj;jp epue;ju kWik tho;tpd; rpwg;ig czu;e;J cj;jk jpU egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; gupe;Jiu ngWk; ghf;fpak; ngw;wtu;fshfj; jpfo ek; mky;fis ehk; Mf;fpf; nfhs;Nthkhf. (Kw;Wk;)

kWikapy; my;yh`;tpd; re;jpg;G

ehq;fs; egp (]y;) mth;fSld; mkh;e;jpUe;Njhk;. mg;nghOJ mth;fs; thdpy; gjpdhd;fhk; gpiwapd; (ghpg+uz) epyit ghh;jjhh;fs;. mg;nghOJ $wpdhh;fs;. ; ePqfs; ,e;j epyitg; ghh;g;gijg; Nghy (fpahkj; ehspy;) ; cq;fs; ,iwtid fz; $lhff; fhz;gh;fs;. mtidg; P ghh;gjpy; cq;fSf;F ve;jf; Fog;gKk; ,Uf;fhJ. Gfhhp> K];ypk;: [hPh; gpd; mg;jpy;yh`; (uyp) Rth;ffthrpfs; Rth;f;fj;jpy; Eioe;jJk;> my;yh`_ ; jghuf tjMyh> mth;fsplk; NtW vjidAk; ePq;fs; ehLfpwP h; f sh? mjid ehd; cq;f Sf;F mjpfg; gLj;JfpNwd;. vd;W $Wthd;. mjw;fth;fs;> vq;fs; ,ul;rfNd! eP vq;fspd; Kfq;fis ntz;ikahf;fp tpl;lha;. vq;fis Rth;f;fj;jpy; Eioar; nra;J tpl;lha;. euif tpl;L k; vq;f isf; fhg;ghw;wp tpl;lha;. (eP vq; fSf; F vy;yh tpjkhd mUl;n fhilfisAk;> ,d;gq;fisAk;> mspj;J tpl;lha;! ,dp vq;fSf;F NtW vd;d Ntz;Lk;) vd;ghh;fs;. mg;n ghOJ my;yh`; jdf;Fk; mth;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s jpiuia mfw;wp tpLthd;. (mg;nghOJ mth;fs; jq;fs; ,ul;rfidg; ghh;f;Fk; ghf;fpaj;ij ngWthh;fs;) jq;fs; ,ul;rfidg; ghh;g;gij tpl NtW ve;jg; nghUSk; mth;fSf;Fg; gphpakhdjhff; nfhLf; f g; g ltpy; i y. (mth; f sJ ,ulrfidg; ghh;g;gNj vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl mth;fSf;F kpfg; gphpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;) K];ypk;: ]{i`G (uyp) ek; midtUf; F k; my; y h`; i t re; j pf; F k; ghf;fpaj;ij ty;y ,iwtd; mUs;Ghpthdhf!

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1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 ,lkpUe;J tyk; 1. njhOifapy; my;`k;J #uh Xjpa gpd; ,ij $w Ntz;Lk;. (3) 6. ,iwtdplk; MNyhrid Nfl;Fk; njhOif. (5) 8. ukshdpy; gj;J ehl;fs; gs;spapy; jq;FtJ. (5) 9. ,J typAWj;jg;gl;l Rd;dj;. ,ij tsu tpl Ntz;Lk;. (2) 14. xt;nthU Mj;khTk; ,ij Ritj;Nj jPUk;. (4) tykpUe;J ,lk; 2. ,e;j ghdj;jpy; Neha; epthuzk; ,Uf;fpwJ. (2) 3. rpW kuzk; (4) 5. `_ijgpah cld;gbf;if Vw;gl;l mugp khjk;. (5) 8. kiof;F Kd;dhy; tUtJ (my; FHMdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak;). (2) 13. Uik]h vd;w ,aw;ngaiuf; nfhz;l egpj;Njhop. (6) NkypUe;J fPo ; 1. ,g;uh`Pk; egpapd; je;ij ngaH. (3) 3. Kj;Jf;Fspj;jypy; ngaH ngw;w jopof JiwKfk;. (5) 4. ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa nkhop (3) 7. ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa tpisahl;L. (5) 11. ............... gj;Jk; nra;Ak;. (3) fPopUe;J Nky; 6. fztd; ,we;jhy; my;yJ jyhf; nra;jhy; ngz;fs; ,Ug;gJ. (3) 8. ,e;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,J ,y;yhky; ghly; ,y;iy. A.R. u`;khDld; njhlHGilaJ. (,];yhk; ,ij jil nra;Js;sJ). (2) 10. kf;fhtpd; gioa ngaH. (3) 12. ];lhf;N`hk; I jiyefuhf nfhz;l ehL. (4) 13. `k;]h (uyp) \`Pjhd Aj;jj;jpd; ngaH. (3)

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