ESTRUCTURAS 1 - CATEDRA ARQ.

GLORIA DIEZ
TRABAJO PRACTICO N 2
COMPOSICION Y DESCOMPOSICION DE FUERZAS

1) Componer grfica y analticamente los siguientes sistemas

de fuerzas
a) Fuerzas concurrentes
Fuerza

Mdulo
(t)
4
5
2
6

1
2
3
4

Angulo
(Grados)
30
135
240
180

Fuerza

Mdulo

Angulo

Cos a

Sen a

1
2
3
4

4
5
2
6

30
135
240
180

0.866
-0.75
-0.5
-1

0.5
0.7
-0.86
0

Coordenadas
(x,y)
0;0
0;0
0;0
0;0
P=
P.Cos a
3.44
-3.75
-1
-6
-7.31

P=
P.Cos b
2
3.5
-1.72
0
3.78

R2 = (-7.31)2 + (3.78)2
R = (49.84 + 14.28)
R=8
Tan = 3,78/ -7.31 = -0.53
arTan = -2755
b) Fuerzas no concurrentes
Fuerza
1
2
3

Mdulo
(t)
2
5
1

c) Fuerzas paralelas

Angulo
(Grados)
120
270
30

Coordenadas
(x,y)
1;3
-2;-1
3;1

Fuerza
1
2
3

Mdulo
(t)
2
5
1

Angulo
(Grados)
90
270
90

Coordenadas
(x,y)
1;3
-2;-1
3;1

Angulo
(Grados)
90

Coordenadas
(x,y)
2;0

R= P1 + P2 + P3
R= 2t+5t+1t
R= -2t
D1= 0m
D2= 3m
D3= 2m
R.dr = P1.D1 + P2.D2 + P3.D3
R.dr = 2t.0m + 5t.3m + 1t.2m
R.dr = -3tm
Dr= 6.5m
d) Trasladar la fuerza
Fuerza
1

Mdulo
(t)
5

Al punto B de coordenadas (-1,1)

M=fxd
M = 5t x 3m
M = 15tm

e) Componer la fuerza
Fuerza
1

Mdulo
(t)
4

Con el ar M= -15 tm
M=F.d

Angulo
(Grados)
135

Coordenadas
(x,y)
2;0

M=15tm
-15tm=4t.d
-15tm/4t=d
-3,75=d
2) Descomponer grfica y analticamente la siguiente fuerza
Fuerza
1

Mdulo
(t)
6

Angulo
(Grados)
90

Coordenadas
(x,y)
2;0

En las direcciones dadas

Ejer.
a)
b)
c)

Direc Ang.
.
()
1
90
1
30
1
90

Coor
d
(x;y)
2;3
-2;0
0;0

Direc Ang
2
2
2

()
120
90
90

Coor
d
(x;y)
2;3
7;0
5;0

Direc Ang
----3

()
----0

a)
Px= Fax + Fbx P.Cos p = Fa . Cos a + Fb. Cos b
Py= Fay + Fby P.Sen p = Fa . Cos a + Fb. Cos b
6t . cos90 = Fa . Cos 30 + Fb. Cos120
6t . sen90 = Fa . Cos 30 + Fb. Cos120
6t . 0 = Fa . 0.86 + Fb . (-0.5)
6t . 1 = Fa . 0.5 +Fb . 0.86
0t = Fa . 0.86 + Fb . (-0.5)
6t= Fa . 0.5 +Fb . 0.86
Fa = -Fb . (-0.5) / 0.86
6t= (Fb . 0.5 / 0.86) . 0.5 + Fb . 0.86
6t= Fb . 0.5 . 0.58 + Fb . 0.86
6t= Fb . 0.29 + Fb . 0.86
6t= Fb . 1.15
6t / 1.15 = Fb
Fb= 5,21t
Fa= (6t 5.2 . 0.86) / 0.5
Fa= 3,06t
b)

Coor
d
(x;y)
----2

M=fxd
R x dA = fa x da
6t x 2m = fa x (-2m)
fa = 2.4t
R = fa + fb
6t = 2.4t + fb
fa = 3.6 t
c)
- R x d = - fa x dfa
- (6t x 3m) = - fa x 0.7679m
-18tm / -0.7679m = fa
fa = 23.44t
- R x d = - fb x dfb
-(6t x 3m) = - fb x 0.8868m
-18tm / -0.8868m = fb
fb = 20.29t
R x d = - fc x dfc
20.29t x 0.8453m = - fc x 3m
17.15tm / -3m = fc
fc = - 5.71t

M1= 6t . 3m = Fa . 0 + Fb . 0 + Fc . 5m
18tm = Fc . 5m
18tm/5m = Fc
Fc= 3,6t

M2 = 6t . 3m = Fa . 2.1m + Fb . 0 + Fc . 0
18tm = Fa . 2.1m
18tm/2.1m = Fa
Fa= 8.57t
M3 = 6t . 3m = Fa . 0 + Fb . 8.3m + Fc . 0
18tm = Fb . 8.3m
Fb = 18tm / 8.3m

3) Equilibrar grfica y analticamente la fuerza del punto 2

________________________________________
R= P1 + P2 + P3
R= 2t+5t+1t
R= -2t
D1= 0m
D2= 3m

D3= 2m
R.dr = P1.D1 + P2.D2 + P3.D3
R.dr = 2t.0m + 5t.3m + 1t.2m
R.dr = -3tm
Dr= 6.5m
________________________________________________
Algo
Con el ar M= -15 tm
M=F.d
M=15tm
-15tm=4t.d
-15tm/4t=d
-3,75=d

Px= Fax + Fbx P.Cos p = Fa . Cos a + Fb. Cos b

Py= Fay + Fby P.Sen p = Fa . Cos a + Fb. Cos b
6t . cos90 = Fa . Cos 30 + Fb. Cos120
6t . sen90 = Fa . Cos 30 + Fb. Cos120
6t . 0 = Fa . 0.86 + Fb . (-0.5)
6t . 1 = Fa . 0.5 +Fb . 0.86
0t = Fa . 0.86 + Fb . (-0.5)
6t= Fa . 0.5 +Fb . 0.86
Fa = -Fb . (-0.5) / 0.86
6t= (Fb . 0.5 / 0.86) . 0.5 + Fb . 0.86
6t= Fb . 0.5 . 0.58 + Fb . 0.86
6t= Fb . 0.29 + Fb . 0.86
6t= Fb . 1.15
6t / 1.15 = Fb
Fb= 5,21t
Fa= (6t 5.2 . 0.86) / 0.5
Fa= 3,06t
_______________________________
M1= 6t . 3m = Fa . 0 + Fb . 0 + Fc . 5m
18tm = Fc . 5m
18tm/5m = Fc

Fc= 3,6t
M2 = 6t . 3m = Fa . 2.1m + Fb . 0 + Fc . 0
18tm = Fa . 2.1m
18tm/2.1m = Fa
Fa= 8.57t
M3 = 6t . 3m = Fa . 0 + Fb . 8.3m + Fc . 0
18tm = Fb . 8.3m
Fb = 18tm / 8.3m