Hauptseminar

The GlobalSE Game

(Applied Software Engineering) Summer semester 2002

Requirements elicitation
(23.05.2002)

Etienne LKenfack

Requirements elicitation

Overview
v v v v v v v v v v Definition Requirement process Requirements elicitation activities Requirements elicitation concepts Type of requirements elicitation Elicitation problems Our requirements status Requirements in our game Conclusion References

Requirements elicitation

Definition
The requirements process consists of two activities: - Requirements Elicitation:
Definition of the system in terms understood by the client (Problem Description) May involve end-users, managers, engineers involved in maintenance, domain experts, trade unions, etc. These are called stakeholders.

- Requirements Analysis:
Technical specification of the system in terms understood by the developer (Problem Specification)

Requirements elicitation

Requirements Process

Requirements elicitation

Requirements elicitation activities(1)

Identify actors
Developers identify the different type of users for the future system

Identify scenarios
Developers observe users and develop several scenarios for typical functionnality

Identify use cases

Use some scenarios to developp a set of use case

Identify relationships among use cases

Requirements elicitation

Requirements elicitation activities(2)

Refine use cases
Detailling use case to ensure that the system specification is complete

Identify nonfunctional requirements

Stakeholders agree on aspect that are visible to the user but not directly related to the functionality

Identify participating objects

Requirements elicitation

Requirements elicitation activities(3)

To address the problems, the following techniques were discussed: Interviewing and questionnaires Requirements workshop / Meeting Brainstorming and idea reduction Storyboards Use cases Role playing Prototyping

Requirements elicitation

 Definition Requirement process Requirements elicitation activities Requirements elicitation concepts v Type of requirements elicitation v Elicitation problems v Our requirements status v Requirements in our game v Conclusion v References

Requirements elicitation

Requirements elicitation concepts(1)

Functional requirements: Describe the interactions between the system and its environment independent from implementation Example: Our players should help other players during the game. Nonfunctional requirements: User visible aspects of the system not directly related to functional behavior. Example: A round in our game must be less than 1 week

Requirements elicitation

Requirements elicitation concepts(2)

Constraints (Pseudo requirements): Imposed by the client or the environment in which the system operates. The most time : implementation language + platform Example: Our games implementation language must be Java

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Type of Requirements elicitation(1)

Greenfield Engineering
Development starts from scratch, no prior system exists, the requirements are extracted from the end users and the client Triggered by user needs Example: Develop a game from scratch: our educational board-game

Re-engineering
Re-design and/or re-implementation of an existing system using newer technology Triggered by technology enabler Example: Reengineering an existing game

Interface Engineering
Provide the services of an existing system in a new environment Triggered by technology enabler or new market needs Example: Interface to an existing game
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Type of Requirements elicitation(2)

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 v v v v

Definition Requirement process Requirements elicitation activities Requirements elicitation concepts Type of requirements elicitation Elicitation problems Our requirements status Requirements in our game Conclusion References

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Elicitation problems(1)
Requirements Software failure

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Elicitation problem(2)
- Requirements elicitation is a complex and imprecise process that varies greatly for different projects - No one technique is universal - Many technical problems are related to this process:
Scope problems Problems related to the nature of computer science Problems related to the process itself

- Many problems pertaining to human nature are related to this process:

Multiple problem viewpoints Communication barriers Knowledge and cognitive limitations Human behavior issues

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Elicitation problems(3)
Requirements mismatches

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Definition Requirement process Requirements elicitation activities Requirements elicitation concepts Type of requirements elicitation Elicitation problems Our requirements status v Requirements in our game v Conclusion v References

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Our requirements status

+ more scenarios + more use cases + try to design each steps

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Requirements in our game

We can model requirements with a card which every team would have in one moment. The team who possesses it will be able to decide an operation to make by another team or to facilate a decision meeting.

Win/Win

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Definition Requirement process Requirements elicitation activities Requirements elicitation concepts Type of requirements elicitation Elicitation problems Our requirements status Requirements in our game Conclusion v References

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Conclusion
Ask not what your customer wants, but what you can do for the customer Overall, customer involvement is the . . .

The key to successful analysis:

Start with use cases and then find the participating objects If somebody asks What is this?, do not answer right away. Return the question or observe the end user: What is it used for?
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References :
Object oriented Software Engineering Bernd Bruegge & Allen H. Dutoit Prentice Hall Ptr Prof. Bruegges lecture Wintersemerster 2001-2002 The standish Group
http://www.standishgroup.com

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Thank you for your attention

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