AUTOMATED ESTIMATION OF

CARDIAC MOTION USING MRI

Guide

: Prof. J.B. Jeeva,

Division of Biomedical Engg.

Place of work : VIT University

By Sudhakar K (09MBE014), M.Tech., Biomedical Engg., VIT University

AIM/OBJECTIVE
To segment the left ventricle from the Cardiac MRI To extract the clinically relevant parameters capable of determining normal and abnormal heart To analyze the left ventricle motion using Optical flow technique

METHODOLOGY
Read the Cardiac MR Images Segment the Left Ventricle Using Morphological Operation Find different parameters

Find the Motion Direction of Left Ventricle Wall

Analyze the normal and abnormal motion of the Left Ventricle
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SEGMENTATION
Convert the RGB Image to Binary Image
Apply the Closing Operation

Find the Connected Pixels

Apply the IMFILL operation to fill the opening in the left ventricle Find the Edge of the Left Ventricle

SEGMENTATION RESULTS

Fig.1 Short axis view of Cardiac MRI

Fig. 2 Binary Image

Fig. 3 After applied Closing Operation

Fig. 4 Segmented Left Ventricle

ABNORMAL LEFT VENTRICLE

Fig. 5 Ischemia

Fig. 6 Marfans

Fig. 7 Ventricular Tachycardia

PARAMETERS
Area: Number of pixels inside the contour of the left ventricle Perimeter: Number of pixels on the contour of the left ventricle 2D Cross correlation: Computes the correlation between two matrix Variance: Computes the variance between the two matrix

AREA OF LV

PERIMETER OF LV

2D CROSS CORRELATION BETWEEN TWO

SUCCESSIVE FRAMES

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VARIANCE BETWEEN TWO SUCCESSIVE

FRAMES

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MOTION ESTIMATION
Left Ventricle wall motion is estimated by optical flow technique Optical flow is the distribution of apparent velocities of movement of brightness pattern in an image Optical flow method is used to calculate the motion between two image frames which are taken at time t and t+t at every pixel point The basis of this method is intensity conservation between consecutive images

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FLOW CHART TO DETERMINE THE OPTICAL

FLOW
Take 2 consecutive Images Preprocessing

Compute initial velocity Ite<max Compute L1 & L2 from Initial velocity C

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C Built Main Matrix

Solve Equation Obtain Velocity and set initial velocity=velocity Ite=Ite+1

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PRE PROCESSING

Setting an external contour to the images of 2 pixels width, by doubling the pixels of the original contour

To avoid getting a wrong result of the derivatives at the border of the image, and thus, propagating this wrong result over the pixels in the neighbourhood

Obtain the derivatives in in all the axes

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COMPUTE INITIAL VELOCITY

The initial velocities computed are given by the following equation, which is used to solve the optical flow equation

minv(Ixv1+Iyv2+It)2

Where Ix,Iy- intensity of image at time t.

Taking the derivatives with respect to v1 and v2

(Ixv1+Iyv2+It)Ix=0 (Ixv1+Iyv2+It)Iy=0

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CONTD.,
Clearing

the Variables v1 and v2 so obtain the initial velocities

v1=IxIx.IyIt-IxIt.IxIy/-(IxIx.IyIy-IxIy2) v2=IyIy.IxIt-IyIt.IyIx/-(IxIx.IyIy-IxIy2)

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OPTICAL FLOW ESTIMATION

oTo solve this equation, will get the optical flow between two consecutive images oWhere v1T L1 (z)v1 = 0 v2T L2 (z)v2 = 0 From this, L1 & L2 can obtain
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RESULTS
Optical flow of Left Ventricle wall (Frames b/w 11th & 12th)

Optical flow of Left Ventricle wall (Frames b/w 7th & 8th)

Optical flow of Left Ventricle wall (Frames b/w 21st & 22nd)

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ABNORMAL MOTION

Ischemia

RVOT Enlargement

Ventricular Tachycardia

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PIXEL TRACKING

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PARAMETERS OF NORMAL HEART

Frame Area 1 2 3 1.3993e+03 1.3993e+03 1.3993e+03 1.3675e+03 1.3675e+03 1.3675e+03 Perimeter 148.0833 148.0833 148.0833 147.5980 147.5980 147.5980 Variance 0 0 0 1.0107e-06 1.0107e-06 0 2D Cross Correlation 0 1 1 0.5804 1 1

4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1.3088e+03
1.3088e+03 1.3088e+03 1.2244e+03 1.2244e+03 1.2244e+03

145.7401
145.7401 145.7401 135.4975 135.4975 135.4975

1.1862e-06
1.1862e-06 0 1.8725e-06 1.8725e-06 0

0.5330
1 1 0.3937 1 1
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PARAMETERS OF ABNORMAL HEART

Frames Area 1 859.1250 690.2500 591 502 Perimeter 129.9828 122.0833 103.2548 85.9411 Variance 0 2D Cross Correlation 0

2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2.1682e-06 0.1173 1.9581e-07 0.3076 2.0955e-09 0.2273

435.6250
387.6250 371.8750 367.7500 385.6250 486.3750 592.5000 709.2500

75.6985
71.6985 70.5269 71.1127 73.6985 84.8701 99.5980 114.0833

4.5635e-08 0.3125
8.3819e-09 0.1622 7.1304e-08 0.3901 7.5437e-08 0.6663 6.3388e-08 0.4181 8.8534e-08 0.2082 2.3283e-10 0.3250 5.8208e-11 0.3996
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GUI IMPLEMENTATION

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CONCLUSION

In this work the left ventricle is segmented using thresholding and morphological operations Optical flow technique is implemented to estimate the left ventricle motion The GUI is designed to help the clinician to assess and analyse the motion of the left ventricle

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REFERENCES

Carranza-Herrezuelo, N. Bajo, A. Sroubek, F. and Santamarta, C (2010). Motion estimation of tagged cardiac magnetic resonance images using variational techniques, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics vol 34 pp 514522 Horn, B. K. P. and B. G. Schunk (1981). Determining Optical-Flow, Artificial Intelligence, vol 17(1-3), pp 185-203 Lynch, M. Ghita, O. and Whelan, P.F. (2006). Automated segmentation of the left ventricle cavity and myocardium in MRI data, Elsevier Computers in Biology and Medicine,vol 34(4), pp 389-407. MathWorks-Matlab and Simulation for Technical computing, <www.mathworks.com>, Accessed on 10th Jan 2011 Petros A. Maragos, Ronald W. Schafer, Morphological Skeleton Representation and Coding of Binary Images In Proc. Of IEEE transactions on acoustics. speech, and signal processing, vol. assp-34, no. 5, Oct 1986 Pujadas, S., Reddy, G.P., Weber, O., Lee, J.J., Higgins, C.B. (2004). MR imaging assessment of cardiac function, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging pp:789799 Rafael C.Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, (2008). Digital Image Processing, Pearson education, pp 1-750. Soroor behbahani, Keivan magholi (2007). Analysis of cardiac wall motion estimation methods, IEEE Trans., on medical imaging, pp.1102-1107

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PUBLICATIONS

Sudhakar K and J.B. Jeeva (2011). Automated Estimation of Cardiac Motion from tagged MRI using CNN, International Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics vol 2(2), pp 149-150 Sudhakar K and J.B. Jeeva (2010). Cardiac Motion Analysis: A review VIT Science Engineering and Technology Conference

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