CHAPTER 9

9.1. WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURITY

SIMPLE PRESENT 1. for a future action to talk about a plan, in if-clauses and time-clauses: Ill be able to live on my own if I find a good job. My husband and I will take on those jobs when we finish the postgraduate course. PRESENT CONTINUOUS 1. for future actions in making plans: We are going away for the weekend. We are repairing the car next week. (Weve already made the plan) SIMPLE FUTURE 1. for a future action as part of a program (no interest is taken in the development of the action): Between 6 and 8 Ill look over the contract, Ill sign and stamp it. FUTURE CONTINUOUS 1. for a future action as part of a program, which will be in full progress between two time points: Ill be reading in the library between 9 and 12 tomorrow. - as a polite way of asking about smbs plans to show that we dont want to influence them: Will you be visiting the castle tomorrow? 2. for an action which will 2. for future arrangements simply take place in the future: stress being laid on the Well visit two museums and development of the action will do some shopping within a future interval/ period: tomorrow. Ill be helping my brother typical mistake: tomorrow morning. The Browns will come to dinner. 3. for an action which will happen in the future: We shall travel to London next week. How long will you stay here? (formal) 3. for an intended action which will be in full progress within a certain interval/period: Ill be working on it the whole afternoon. Ill be staying here for three more days.

2. for an action that will take place according to an official agreement: I arrive on the first of March (as we agreed)

3. typical mistake (with intentions) I see him tomorrow.

2. for future arrangements: Were spending a few days in the mountains. (it has been arranged) We are dinning with the Johnsons tomorrow (the invitation has been given and accepted) 3. with intentions: Im seeing John tomorrow morning. How long are you staying here? (colloquial)

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4. a firm decision, a square action with verbs of movement (come, go, leave, start), i.e. the action is sure to take place: They go to take the goods in the morning. We leave early tomorrow (we are sure to leave, no matter the circumstances).

4. a decision made for an action which will be in full progress within a certain interval/period: Ill be reading these two novels this week/these days. Well be chatting over a cup of tea tomorrow afternoon. - to suggest that a future action has already been decided: Prof. D. Snelling will be giving another lecture on simultaneous interpreting next Friday. 5. for a future action as part 5. in spoken English with verbs 5. for an action that will take 5. for an action that will be in full of a timetable: of movement (come, go, leave, place at/round a time point progress round a future time The plane takes off at 610. start) (no interest is taken in the point: 20 The train leaves at 4 . Hes coming over by 5 development of the action): Ill be flying to Timioara by 11 tomorrow. Hell come over at/ by five tomorrow. tomorrow. 6. 6. 6. With two simultaneous With an action in full progress in actions in the future (no the future, interrupted by another interest in the development of action expressed by a time point No corresponding value No corresponding value the actions): verb: Ill be here tomorrow morning Ill be laying the books on the when you arrive and Ill have shelves when you come in the all the papers you need. afternoon. 7. 7. 7. for repeated actions, with 7. for repeated actions, with adverbs of frequency and adverbs of frequency to express No corresponding value No corresponding value indefinite time (in simple admiration, surprise, irritation: statements): Shell be going to the gym hall She will go to the gym hall three times a week. twice a week.

4. a decision made a few moments before: I think Im going to bed. We are leaving early tomorrow (it is our intention, but we may change our minds, we have not taken a firm decision).

4. a decision made at the moment of speaking: I think Ill go to bed. I think Ill call him up right away. Well leave for Timisoara in July. (it will happen in July)

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8.

8.

8.

No corresponding value

No corresponding value

No corresponding value

8.when duration of a future action is pointed out, with adverbs such as: all day long tomorrow the whole afternoon the whole week He will be learning all day long tomorrow. 9. strong probability: He will be having much fun at the party tonight.

9. No corresponding value

9. No corresponding value

9. No corresponding value

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9.2. WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURITY

SIMPLE FUTURE 1. for an action which will happen (at a given moment) in the future: I will write the letters at/by noon. (six oclock) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1. for an action which will be 1. for an action which will be 1. the progress of a future in full progress at/round a finished before a given future action which will be finished given future moment: moment: before a given moment in the I will be writing the letters I will have written the letters future, or will be interrupted by at/by noon/ six oclock. by six a clock. another future action voi termina de scris I think Ill have been writing voi fi gata cu for a few hours when you come voi fi scris back. Voi avea/vor trece cteva ore de cnd scriu n momentul n care vei veni. 2. for an action which will be 2. for an action which will be 2.the action will be over before in full progress within a finished at the end of a future a future interval/ moment: future period: period: Ill have been working here Ill be working on that next Ill have worked out these for 25 years this autumn. week/all day long tomorrow. problems by next Friday. Se vor mplini/face de cnd lucrez Vor fi trecut de cnd lucrez 3. for an action which will be 3. for an action which will be 3. in full progress till a certain finished before a certain future future moment (stress is laid on moment/action (stress is laid See use 1. the development of the on the result of the action): action): Ill have written the essay by Ill be writing the essay till 5 5 oclock/when you come. oclock/till you come. (Ill be ready then). (Ill be doing that till then) FUTURE CONTINUOUS FUTURE PERFECT

2. for a action that will take place in the future: Ill work on that topic next year.

3. No corresponding value

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