Axia College Material

Appendix C OSI Model Key Terms Table

Use the table to define the key terms related to the OSI Model. Describe the functions of any hardware connectivity devices and tools listed.
Term Physical layer Definition Transmits bits throughout the networks physical medium. Performs services requested by the data link layer. The data link layer is in charge of transmitting data error free and to set up local links between two computers. Handles and routs procedures which allow data to be transferred from one network to another. Ensures error free delivery from one end to another. Used to complete administrative tasks and deals with safety. Function (if applicable) Changes data packets to physical signals which symbolize 1s and 0s and later sends the physical signal to the destination, Splits data that is obtained from the network layer into frames the physical layer can transmit. It also has packages data into frames which are workable by the network layer. Creates keeps and closes network links between networks. Makes routing selections and relays data from one network to another. Tackles mistake correction, splitting data into small packets. Also reorders packets if they arrive out of order. Allows users to setup control and end a link. Also builds up checkpoints in data streams in an attempt to avoid the need to resend data packets. Lastly, this layer is in charge of user authorization. The main objective for this layer is to change. Guarantees applications on different ends of a network link can communicate. The application layer starts connection requests and offers an interface to access file transfer services, printer access, and email. Electrical signals are possibly the most typical. They can understand data by the current state or the transition method.

Data link layer

Network layer

Transport layer

Session layer

Presentation layer

Changes data from the application layer to typical formats and semantics Responsible for the assistance of end user application process. Method for utilizing electrical, light, energy, or radio waves to convey data in between networked computers.

Application layer

Signaling

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Synchronous Asynchronous

Uses a clock signal to arrange communications in between devices. Doesnt rely on a clock signal,

Utilizes a start signal, the payload of the datagram or frame, and a stop signal to convey their details.

Bandwidth Point-to-point topology

The amount of details which can be carried on a given transmitting medium. Means when two nodes on a network are linked together directly. Three or more devices are connected by a single transmitting medium. Stands for Media Access Control which makes sure routing devices on a network transmit data to the intended location. Rational Link Control which controls data link between two or more computers on a single subnet. Service Access Point used on a multiprotocol LAN. Principles which define how a computer places data onto a network wire and how it receives data from the identical wire. Carrier Sense Multiple Access having crash recognition.

Multipoint connection

MAC

Utilized when the devices are meant to monopolize the transmitting medium between them. Every individual device needs to have a method to identify itself and the goal machine to which it desires to convey. Exclusive to each unit on a network.

LLC

The LLC or rational link control layer is a sub-layer of the data link layer. SAPs let the LLC to recognize which protocol is being utilized. This procedure decreases data collisions which cause damaged data packets. This is sometimes also known as arbitration. Utilized in Ethernet and IEEE 802.3, this type of contention evaluates network traffic to observe crashes and begin retransmissions. Gateways are typically recognized with upper layers simply because they should communicate with an application, set up and control sessions, convert encoded data, and interpret rational and physical addressing data; but they can be utilized at any layer of the OSI model. Transmits data packets or duplicates them to each one of the ports, so that all the networked units can easily see them. Found in a star topology

SAP Access method

CSMA/CD

Gateway

A Software program or Hardware which links two different kinds of network by changing data from one network to a different or from one operating system to a different one

Hubs

Multiport link point utilized to link network devices through a wire segment.

IT 240

Bridges

Token passing

Connect two LANs, making them appear as one. Also can be used to connect two portions as a single signal. Method of arbitration which uses a particular data packet transferred around a network. Method of arbitration which has a single device serving as a channel access administrator

Can link a ring network to a bus network. Only the unit featuring the token may transfer data over the networks transmitting medium. Allows authorization to units to transmit data on the communication channel by the channel access administrator.

Polling

IT 240