VIRTUAL CLASSROMM RULES

Theory 1 Theory 1 Theory 2 Theory 2

KEEP YOUR TURN-OFF YOUR MAINTAIN FOLLOW THE

CAMERAS OPEN MICROPHONES RESPECTFUL ENGLISH ONLY
ON THE UNLESS COMMUNICATION POLICY
DURATION OF NECESSARY WITH EVERYONE
THE DISCUSSION IN THE CLASS
 ACTIVITY
INSTRUCTIONS:

 The class will be grouped into three:

 GROUP 1 will solve picture puzzle on slide 1
 GROUP 2 will solve picture puzzle on slide 2
 GROUP 3 will solve picture puzzle on slide 3

 Go to the Jamboard link provided by the teacher.

 Rearrange the images in 20 seconds to reveal the picture.
 Explain what the image shows.
ACTIVITY
 PUBLIC SPEAKING
Public speaking is an important life skill,
yet few people master it. In fact, many
people are afraid of speaking in public.
- Dale Carnegie and Joseph Berg Esenwein (2007)
 It is a process of communicating
purposeful information in front of an
audience. It is usually face-to-face and
in a formal setting where the aim of the
speaker is to influence the listeners.
SHORT HISTORY OF PUBLIC
SPEAKING
 PUBLIC SPEAKING HISTORY

CLASSICAL MEDIEVAL THE

PERIOD PERIOD ENLIGHTENMENT
(500 BCE-400 (400 CE-1400
BCE) CE) (1600 CE-1800
CE)

THE
NEW SCHOOL
RENAISSANCE
THE ROMANS (1400 CE-1600 (1900s TILL
CE) PRESENT)
 1.

CLASSICAL
PERIOD
 Theory 1 Theory 3

The most well- Theory 2 The Greek teacher of

known public rhetoric, Corax, and
his student, Tisias,
speaking traditions proceeded to help
come from the The Greeks citizens when it came
West, specifically studied the art of to speaking
from the Greco- rhetoric on the persuasively in courts
Roman tradition. island of Sicily, of law, and this led to
and it began with the expansion of the
a practical need. teaching of rhetoric to
mainland Greece.
 According to Corax a
basic speech has three
parts, the introduction,
evidence, and conclusion,
and this simple
organization of speeches
has endured throughout
the ages

CORAX
 He is the father of debate,
who made his students
argue for and against
issues of the day, to
sharpen their reasoning
skills and appreciate
different sides of an issue

PROTAGORAS
 Aristotle, also known as the
father of modern
communication. Aristotle
wrote a treatise entitled
"Rhetoric," where he discussed
the use of logos (logical
argument). pathos (emotional
argument), and ethos (the
speaker's character and
credibility), in the use of
persuasive speaking (Morreale,
2010) ARISTOTLE
 LOGOS
mean supporting
your speech with
logical reasoning in
ETHOS the form of facts, PATHOS
figures, and evidence
refers to ethics, refers to adding an
and one of the most
meaning a speaker emotional touch to
effective ways of
must radiate moral your speech, so as to
helping the audience
characters to create an cater to the
to get to the
aura of trust and audience’s emotions.
conclusion of an
authority in the argument on their
audience. own.
 The most famous orator in Ancient
Greece was Demosthenes. In the
beginning, he had many flaws when it
came to public speaking, chief among
them were his stammer and weak voice.

According to Kleiser (2009),

Demosthenes practiced earnestly by
"declaiming on the seashore with
pebbles in his mouth, walking up and
downhill while reciting." and that his
speeches were known for their
deliberation and forethought.
DEMOSTHENES
 2.

THE ROMANS
 the most famous Roman orator whose
eloquence was described as a "resistless
torrent“

Cicero was a statesman who argued that

the teaching of rhetoric should be
considered an art form, and that this could
be useful in "all practical and public affairs."

He believed that in order to prepare a

speech, one should first think of one's
listeners and their interests, and to use
certain strategies. (Morreale, 2010)
CICERO
 He developed a theory called the Five
Canons of Rhetoric– a five-step process for
developing a persuasive speech that we still
use while teaching public speaking today.

i) Invention

ii) Arrangement

iii) Style

iv) Memory

v) Delivery

CICERO
 The Roman lawyer and educator,
Quintilian, also forwarded the
idea that public speakers should
be ethical.

According to Morreale (2010), the

ideal speaker was "a good man
speaking well... a good speaker is
ethical and of high character and
speaking well-meant being well-
informed and presenting the
speech effectively."
QUINTILLIAN
 3.

MEDIEVAL
PERIOD
A Christian clergyman, and a
renowned rhetorician
continued to develop ideas
and considered the study of
persuasion that had
originated during the
Classical Period.

ST. AGUSTINE
 4.

THE
RENAISSANCE
 Petrus Ramus challenged the
theories of the great scholars
from the Classical Period and
focused on logic rather than
rhetoric. According to him, logic
falls under two parts- invention
and judgment.
He also challenged much of what
the great scholars thought about
ethics, morals, and the way they
tied it up to communications.

PETRUS RAMUS
 5.

THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
A Scottish minister, and educator used
scientific and moral reasoning to
understand how persuasion in speech
works, meaning how people use
speech to persuade others.

Elocutionary approach was developed

that mainly focused on the delivery
aspect of public speaking, namely-
tone of voice, gestures, body
language, facial expressions, and
pronunciations. GEORGE CAMPBELL
 6.

NEW SCHOOL
 The New School considered public
speaking as a separate field of study.
Communication departments have
professors or instructors to teach
about classical and modern rhetoric.

For instance, Toastmasters is one such

training organization that aims at
teaching its members public speaking
skills.
PHILIPPINE TRADITION IN
PUBLIC SPEAKING
 BABAYLANS

During pre- colonial times, the

Philippines was one of the few
places that allowed women to
speak in public for the
purpose of presiding over
religious rituals.

Along with the warriors of the

community, the mandirigma,
they were the leaders of pre-
colonial Philippines (Mallari,
2013).
 KARAGATAN BALAGTASAN
be game wherein was also staged, on
young men and order to honor
women duel with each Francisco Balagtas, a
other using words well-known Filipino
when it comes to poet.
talking about love
Like an ordinary debate,
except that one has to
reason and argue in
verse. Two master poets
HUEGO DE PRENDA are assigned to defend
a game used to the pros and cons of an
entertain guests and issue, and a board of
the bereaved family judges sits to determine
during wakes the winner.